College of Technology

Design of
Experiments

23 FACTORIAL DESIGN EXAMPLE

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Most commonly used experimental designs in business are Full and Fractional
factorial designs at two-levels and three-levels.

A full factorial designed experiment consists of all possible combinations of levels

for all factors.

One of the assumptions we make for factors at 2-levels is that the response is
approximately linear over the range of the factor settings chosen.

Example: A chemical reaction is dependent on 3-factors, temperature, pressure and time

for reaction. The factors and their levels are shown in the table.
Factors
Low level High level +
temperature (T) 80 deg. 120 deg.
pressure
(P)
50 units 70 units
time for reaction (R)
5 min. 15 min.
A 23 full factorial design was chosen to analyze all the main and 2-factor interactions.
The response is the YIELD given as a percentage.

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The questions that need to be answered are:

Which main effects or interactions might affect the yield?
Which main effects or interactions might influence variability in the yield?

In order to identify the significant main and interaction effects, a DOE layout was
constructed as shown.

It shows the all the combinations of factors and their levels.

The responses (% yield) from the experiment are recorded (replicates).

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DOE Experimental Layout

Run

Factors/settings
T
P
R

Response
% yield
% yield

80

50

61

59

120

50

76

78

80

70

28

34

120

70

51

48

80

50

15

25

21

120

50

15

44

44

80

70

15

45

50

120

70

15

71

74

We will use a simple program for calculations. Follow the EXCEL pages.

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Go to the Factors & Design Matrix EXCEL worksheet and enter the factors & levels in yellow cells. As you
enter the data, the table will be populated

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Now go to the Data & StdDevs EXCEL worksheet . Enter the response data (% YIELD) in yellow cells. The
table will be populated with avg., s.d., variance etc.

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Now go to the Effects EXCEL worksheet . It gives the summary of calculations.

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Go to the Effects DL EXCEL worksheet . DL is the decision limit, which is calculated to ease your pain!. It tells
you the effects that was calculated in the previous table is significant or not? The number in the yellow cell is
your value, 95% or 90% or 99%. We have taken 95% here.

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Go to the Effects Pareto Scratch Pad EXCEL worksheet . It gives you the contribution each MAIN factor is
responsible and INTERACTION effects

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Go to the Effects Pareto EXCEL worksheet. This shows the effect of main factors & interactions and the
decision limit. The decision limits line cuts main factors A &C, also the BC interaction.

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Go to the Main Effects Charts EXCEL worksheet

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Go to the Interaction Charts EXCEL worksheet

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Go to the Interaction Charts EXCEL worksheet

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For the HW assignment, you will be given triplicate data for 23 FACTORIAL DESIGN . Insert the third set of
response data on the chart and repeat what we did in lectures. See assignment sheet.