Travel Broadens

the Mind

 Its hot in here, Ill open a window.

-> for decisions made at the moment of speaking.

He will probably call you later.

I dont think shell accept his proposal.
Im afraid I wont be able to come tomorrow.
-> for predictions about the future, based on what we think, believe
or imagine. Using the verbs: think, believe, expect; the expressions:
be sure, be afraid; and the adverbs: probably, certainly, perhaps, etc.

 Will you help me clean up this mess?

-> for promises, threats, warnings, requests, hopes, and offers.

Sue will be three years old in June.

-> for actions or situations which will definitely happen in the
future and which we cant control.

 Im going to be a doctor when I finish university.

-> for plans, intentions or ambitions for the future.

Steve is going to work with his dad during the

summer holidays.
-> for actions we have already decided to do in the near future.

The sky is very clear, its going to be cold tonight.

-> for predictions based on what we can see or what we know,
especially when there is evidence that something will happen.

Time expressions with be going

to
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
tonight
soon
next week/month/year/summer
in a week/month, etc.

 Ive got a new job, this time next month Ill be working
in the bank.
-> for actions which will be in progress at a stated future time.

I will be visiting my grandparents at the weekend.

-> for actions which will definitely happen in the future as the
result of a routine or arrangement.

Will you be finishing with that book soon?

-> when we ask politely about someones plans for the near future.

Zero Conditional
Use: to express a general truth or a scientific fact.
If-clause
If/when + present
simple

Main Clause
I, you, etc. + present
simple

If/When you mix red and yellow paint, you get orange.
If/When you fly with a budget airline, you have to pay
for your drinks and snacks.

First Conditional
Use: to express a real or very probable situation in the
present or future.
If-clause
If + present simple

Main Clause
I, you, etc +
will/can/must/may (not)
+ inf.

If I finish this essay tonight, I will/might go to the

cinema with Julie.
If I dont see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the

Type 1 Conditionals
If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

The Definite Article

We use the with:
Nouns when talking about something specific Maria owns
a house. The house is very pretty
Nouns that are unique the Earth, the sun
Names of newspapers the Times, cinemas the Odeon,
theatres the Empire, museums/art galleries the
Louvre, ships the Titanic, rivers the Thames, groups
of islands the Sheychelles, oceans the Pacific,
mountain ranges the Pyrenees

We use the with:

Countries that include words such as States, Kingdom,
Republic the USA, the UK
Geographical terms the Antartic, the
North/East/South/West
Names of families the Smiths and nationalities ending
in sh, -ch, or ese the Chinese
Adjectives/adverbs in the superlative form the best
book Ive read
The words day, morning, afternoon and evening in the
afternoon
Historical periods/events the last Ice Age, the Vietnam
War

We dont use the with:

Uncountable and plural nouns when talking about
something in general Coffee is a very popular drink.
Names of sports, games, activities, days, months,
celebrations, colours, drinks and meals We are having
dinner on Monday.
Names of streets Oxford street, squares Trafalgar
Square, bridges London Bridge, parks Central
Park, railway stations Kings Cross, mountains
Mount Everest, individual islands Sardinia, lakes
Lake Ness and continents Africa
Names of restaurants, shops, banks, hotels, etc. which
are named after the people who started them