NITROUS OXIDE

N2O

Synonyms

Laughing gas

Nitrogen Monoxide

Dinitrogen Monoxide

Properties:

Nitrous oxide in a coercible

(condensable) gas

colorless

slightly agreeable odor

sweetish taste

Like oxygen, it maintains and revives the

combustion of many substances

it decomposes easily into its elements

Distinguished from
oxygen

with nitric oxide, oxygen forms reddish brown

vapor of NO2 and N2O3 while nitrous oxide will not
have any reaction

When inhaled in small doses it produces a form of

inebriation hence, its name laughing gas.

In larger doses or mixed with 1 volume of oxygen

it reacts as an anesthetic.

Mix = 70% oxygen to 30% nitrous oxide

In medicine, mix of 50% oxygen to 50% nitrous

oxide known as asentonox

Uses

Agriculture: Nitrous oxide is emitted when people add

nitrogen to the soil through the use of synthetic
fertilizers.

Transportation: Nitrous oxide is emitted when

transportation fuels are burned. Motor vehicles,
including passenger cars and trucks.

Industry: Nitrous oxide is generated as a byproduct

during the production of nitric acid, which is used to
make synthetic commercial fertilizer, and in the
production of adipic acid, which is used to make
fibers, like nylon, and other synthetic products.

Largely used by inhalation

when momentary
anesthesia is desired, as by
a dentist for the extraction
of teeth, opening of the
abscesses and the like.

happy drunk feeling or

the giggles

described as representing the

most nearly ideal clinical sedative
circumstance

NITROGEN
N2

Synonym

Azote

Properties

colorless, odorless, tasteless gas.

non-flammable and does not support combustion

usually sold in black cylinder

it is the lightest pnictogen

Uses

Nitrogen has a little therapeutic use.

official pharmaceutical air to displace air

to increase the shelf life of an easily oxidized

product

USP permits- use to displace air in the parenteral

and topical preparations provided it is indicated in
the label

The greatest single commercial use of nitrogen is

as a component in the manufacture of ammonia,
subsequently used as fertilizer and to produce
nitric acid.
Nitrogen constitutes 78% of Earths atmosphere
and is a constituent of all living tissues.
Essential element for life, because it is a
constituent of DNA and, as such, is past of the
genetic code.

Reactions with haemoglobin in blood, causing the

oxygen carrying capacity of the blood to decrease
(nitrite)
- Decreased functioning of the thyroid gland (nitrate)
- Vitamin Ashortages (nitrate)
- Fashioning of nitro amines, which are known as one
of the most common causes of cancer (nitrates and
nitrites)

Respiratory Stimulants

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit: composed of two active

ingredients: Ammonium Carbonate NF XV and
Strong Ammonia Solution NF XV

which cause a reflex action of the patient taking a

sudden deep breath

used to revive as unconscious person who may

fainted or knocked out

Ammonium Carbonate
NH4CO3

Synonyms:

Preston salt

Sal Volatile

Bakers Ammonia

Ammonium Sesquicarbonate

Properties:

consist of varying proportions of Ammonia

Bicarbonate(NH4HCO3) and Ammonium
Carbamate (NH2CO2NH4)

It yields between 40 to 34% ammonia, without

empyreuma (the odor of animal or vegetable
matter when charred in a closed vessel)

solution is alkaline to litmus paper

when expose to air it loses ammonia and carbon

dioxide

it becomes opaque and is finally converted into

friable porous lumps or a white powder of
ammonium bicarbonate.

freely soluble in water but is decomposed by hot

water

Uses:

basis of smelling salts

valuable in hysterical
syncope

leavening agent, hence,

Bakers Ammonia