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India
PENGENALAN
Di bahagian utara India, muzik
mereka di kenali sebagai Muzik
Hindustani
SITAR
Sitar adalah salah satu jenis alat muzik yang
berasal dari Asia Selatan yang menggunakan
dawai/tali.
Alatbertalimempunyai5hingga7t
alidawai(2hingga4talidigunakan
untuk
memainkanmelodi,dan3taliuntuk
dengung).Diperbuatdarikayuyang
berbentuk
bujurseakansebelahbuahpear.
Kunti
Thekuntisare the tuning pegs. These
are simple friction pegs. Thesitarhas
two types: there are the
largerkuntisthat are for the main
strings. There are also thesmaller
kuntiswhich are used for the
sympathetic strings. The
largerkuntiscome in three styles:
simple,fluted, andlotus. A quick look
at thekuntisis usually an indication of
the care that went into the instrument.
Drone Strings
There are a number of strings on thesitarwhich are
strummed but not fretted, these are referred to as
drone strings. Two of thekuntis(pegs) control
special drone strings; these are referred to as
thechikaris. These two strings are raised above the
neck on twocamel bone pegs; these pegs are known
asmogara. There are other drone strings which
continue all the way down the neck.
These drone strings are important to the musical
performance. During a normal performance, these
strings will periodically be struck to provide a
tonic basefor the piece. Thechikariare especially
important in a style of playing known asjhala.
Tar
Ataris a string. There a number of strings on
thesitar. Numbers may vary, but 18 is a common
number. These strings fall into one of three
classes; there are the drone strings (previously
described), the sympathetic strings, and the
playing stings. The playing strings are the strings
which are actually fretted to produce melodies. It
comes as a surprise to many newcomers to Indian
music that only one to four strings are actually
played to produce a melody. In most cases there
are really only two playing strings. These are the
two strings located furthest from the sympathetic
strings.
Baj Tar
The absolute furthest string is referred to as thebaj
tarwhich literally means "the playing string".
Virtually all of the playing is done on this one string.
Tarafdar
Thetarafdarare the sympathetic strings. They are
almost never strummed, yet they vibrate whenever
the corresponding note is played on the playing
string. They are located underneath the frets, so
fretting them to produce a melody is impossible.
Sistem
tiunan
sitar
TABLA
FUNGSI
Tablaialahsejenisalatmuziktra
disionalindiayangdimainkanseca
rasoloatau
mengiringiupacarakeagamaan,
persembahan,barathanatyan,perk
ahwinandan sebagainya.
Na
tun
Dha
Bahagian Alap
Intro muzik yang agak perlahan temponya.
Memperkenalkan raga dan mood lagu.
Improvisasi yang sederhana.
Elastik
Bahagian Jor
Meter permulaan dapat
dikesan.
Alat perkusi bermula.
Bahagian Gat