What is Climatology?

Climatology is the scientific discipline relating

to climate.

Its objects are the characterization and

classification of different climatic types.

The geographical localisation of climatic

types.

The study of the causes of climatic

diversification and, for a given place, the
analysis of the variability over time.

Guyot G., (1998). Physics of the environment and climate.

Publisher: Praxis publishing ltd, Sussex.

Profile of the atmosphere

The atmosphere can be divided vertically according to
pressure. Different weather phenomenom occur at
different altitude in the atmosphere. (Ackerman S, Knox J,
(2007). Publisher: Thomson hihger education, Belmont USA.)

The atmosphere consists of: 78,1% Nitrogen, 20,1%

Oxygen, 0,9% Argon. About 0-4% of the Atmosphere
Consists of water vapour. (Mayes J, Hugues K, (2004).
Publisher: Hodder headline group, London)

We define the atmosphere into 4 different layers. The

Layers are defined by their average temperature
lapse rate. The layers in ascending order:
Troposphre, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,
Thermosphere.(Carbone G, (2007). Exercises for Weather and
Climate. Pubisher: Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, USA.

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto

Distance from
earth (AU)

0.594

0.267

0.000

0.563

3.966

8.293

18.850

29.120

39.50
0

Distance from
the sun (AU)

0.387

0.723

1.000

1.524

5.203

9.555

19.218

30.110

39.54

Mass (g)

3.3x10^2
6

4.9x1
0^27

1.0x10^29

1.3x10
^25

Maximum
surface
temperature(K)

740

750

273

128

105

49

55

55

Minimum
surface
temperature(K)

90

750

150

128

105

49

55

33

Rotation period
(hrs)

1400

5833

23.9

24.6

9.9

10.7

17.2

16.1

153

CO2
(96)

N2
(77)

CO2
(95)

H2
(86)

H2
(97)

H2
(83)

H2 (79)

N2

Dominating
substance in
atmosphere(%)

6.0x10^ 6.4x10^ 1.9x10^ 5.7x10^ 8.6x10^

27
26
30
29
28

Kelly Beatty, J. (1999). The new solar system. Cambridge, Massachusets: Sky publishing corporation.