CLD 20502 BASIC ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

Topic 2
Basic Hand/ Workshop/ Measurement Tool and
Their Uses

Introduction

objective
To understand the theory of

metrology.
To identify and used measurement
tool, marking, hand, workshop tool.
To use and practice measurement on
mechanical component and to
ensure the product is in the range of
the specification required.

Measurement
Dimension
Surface
Measurement unit
Dimensional metrology
Geometric attribute
Measurement tool linear and

angular

Measurement
Dimension
Dimensions are the linear or angular sizes of

a component specified on the part drawing.

Dimension includes width, depth, length,
thickness, diameter value that define the
sizes of a part.
It is important as they determine how well
the components of a product fit together
during assembly.
System of measurement consists of English
system (in-lb-sec) and metric system (m-kgsec).

Measurement
Tolerance
A tolerance is the total amount by which
a specific dimension is permitted to vary.
The tolerance is the difference between
the maximum and minimum limits.

Measurement
Dimensional metrology
Precision - Relative to specific

measurement being made with regard to

the degree of exactness required.
Accuracy - Whether or not a specific
measurement is actually within its stated
size.
Reliability - Ability to obtain the desired
result to the degree of precision required.
Discrimination - Degree to which a
measuring instruments divides the basic
unit of length it is using for measurement.
Calibration - Consistency of measuring
tools to the appropriate standards.

Question 1
How you define the following?

Measurement
Geometric attribute

Measurement
Geometric attribute

Measurement
Surface
Measurement and inspection of surface

condition is important because ;

Aesthetic reason smooth and free from scratches

and blemishes is preferred by customer

Surfaces affect safety
Friction and wear depends on surface
characteristics
It affect mechanical and physical properties
Assembly method required smooth and clean
surface.
Electrical contacts is better in smooth surface.

Measurement
Surface texture features

Measurement Tool
Linear measurement
Caliper
Ruler
Vernier caliper
Micrometer

Angular measurement
Protractor
Combination set

Linear measurement

Linear measurement
Caliper
A nongraduated caliper consists of two legs

joined by a hinge mechanism.

The ends of the legs are made to contact the
surfaces of the object being measured and
the hinge is used to hold the leg position.
Outside caliper is use to measure outside
dimension such as a diameter. The leg is
point inward.
Inside caliper is use to measure inside
dimension such as a distance between
internal surface. The leg is point outward.

Linear measurement
Caliper

Linear measurement
Ruler and tape rule
Ruler is a line
measuring instrument
used for direct
measurement. It is also
used as a divided
instrument.
Common lengths are
150 mm (6 in.) and 300
mm (12 in.)

Linear measurement
Ruler and tape rule
A tape rule is a steel
blade coiled inside a
carrying case.
It provides and easy
means for accurately
measuring curved
surfaces because it is
flexible.

Linear measurement
Vernier caliper
A beam with a jaw at

right angles and

movable jaw which
slides along the beam.
It is used to measure
inside, outside and
depth measurement of
any object.
It come with varies
accuracy; 0.1, 0.02,
0.05 mm.

Linear measurement
Vernier caliper

Read a vernier caliper

Read the main/ metric scale

Read the vernier scale
Total reading

28.00 mm
0.48 mm
28.48 mm

Question 2

Linear measurement
Micrometer
A very accurate measuring device
closed to 0.01 mm or 0.001 in.
It can be use to measure external
dimension and outside surface such
as a thickness of sheet metal and
diameter of drills.

Linear measurement
Micrometer
The most common form consists of a spindle

and a C-shaped anvil. Shown here is the

outside micrometer.

Read a micrometer
Micrometer

Question 3

Angular measurement
Protractor & Combination set
Angular measuring instrument.
Used for layout and checking the
point angle of drill, taper on lathe
machine center and along the
tapers.

Angular measurement
Combination set

Angular measurement
Combination set

History
The Great Kersten Blunder (Kersten was the

programmer that made the error). The vigor

space probe was sent towards Venus but
because of a computer programming error
installed on it, a conversion from mm to inch
was incorrect. It divided by 24.5 instead of 25.4.
This error caused it to miss Venus completely
and was sent hurling into space. Over 2 billion
dollars of technology was lost because of one
simple error.