SCADA

By
NagaNaresh.k
 content
What is SCADA?
Types of process
Hardware architecture
Subsystems
Functionality
Operational philosophy
Communication infrastructure
Practical uses
Advantages and disadvantages
Review
What is SCADA?
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition.
 SCADA refers to a system that collects data from
various sensors at a factory, plant or in other remote
locations and then sends this data to a central
computer which then manages and controls the data.
What is data acquisition?
 Data acquisition is the process of retrieving control
information from the equipment
continuous monitoring of the equipment to which it is
employed
 The data accessed are then forwarded onto a
telemetry system ready for transfer to the different
sites
Types of processes
Industrial processes include those of
manufacturing, fabrication, refining etc
Infrastructure processes may be public or
private, and include water treatment, oil and
gas pipelines, civil defense siren systems, and
large communication systems.
Facility processes may include buildings,
airports, ships, and space stations. They
monitor and control energy consumption
Hardware architecture
Typical SCADA system
 Subsystems of SCADA
Human-Machine Interface is the which presents
process data to a human operator, and through this,
the human operator monitors and controls the
process.
Remote Terminal Units connecting to sensors in
the process, converting sensor signals to digital
data and sending digital data to the supervisory
system
Programmable Logic Controller used as field
devices because they are more economical,
versatile, flexible, and configurable than special-
purpose RTUs.
Communication infrastructure connecting the
supervisory system to the Remote Terminal Units
System concept
 Functionality of SCADA
Real time and historical trend: If any batch
fails or the plant trips, you can simply go to the
historical trend data and do the analysis.
Alarms: Have a very critical role in
controlling process. Use to generate alarms
whenever parameters crosses threshold values.
Recipe management : When you have
different products to manufacture, you just
have to load the recipe of the particular product
Security:Here one can allocate certain
facilities or features to the operator, process
people, engineering dept and maintenance
dept.
Differences between SCADA and DCS
SCADA
Distributed across a wide area (can be of 1000km)
Power may be intermittent
 Communications can be slow and drop out regularly
Equipment may be installed in a hostile environment
DCS
 typically in one plant
high availability of power
fast and robust communications. Normally LAN
Control equipment may reside in a temperature controlled
room
 SCADA as central room computer
The SCADA usually presents the information
in the form of mimic
These representation can be as simple as an on
screen traffic light
SCADA products run on either a UNIX
variant or HP Open VMS
 Operational philosophy
Operator intervention is not required in critical
situations
RTU’s can operate on themselves such that they are
able to control tunnel fires or safety related tasks.
The master station software is required to do more
analysis of data before presenting it to operators

contd…
Hardware for SCADA systems is generally rugged to
withstand temperature, vibration and voltage
extremes.
Reliability can enhanced by redundant hardware and
communication channels.
A failed part can be identified and replaced by back
hardware without interrupting the process.
Failed part can be easily replaced.
Communication infrastructure
SCADA systems have traditionally used
combinations of radio and direct serial or modem
connections to meet communication requirements
Ethernet and IP over SONET is also frequently used
at large sites such as railways and power stations.
SCADA protocols are designed to be very compact
and many are designed to send information to the
master station only when the master station polls the
RTU.
 Installation of SCADA
Integration of SCADA systems is possible
Integration is possible only when proprietary
hardware,software and communication protocols are
used
IEC1131-3 programming language makes RTU
programmable.
DNP 3.0 is the communication protocol used by RTU
 Major protocols and modems
Protocols:
Ethernet
IP network
Modems:
1200 BPS modems
Fast poll modems
Practical uses of SCADA
SCADA is used as a control mechanism in
Waste water treatment
Chemical plants
Steel plants
Power transmission
Oil and gas fields
Railways
 SCADA for oil and gas fields
• Emergency control, of plant shutdown of
individual oil platform as well as for all oil
platforms in the field.

• Flow monitoring

• Hourly production monitoring and generation

of shift reports.

• Ability to communicate with other SCADA

systems

• Transfer of various production reports to

onshore through a wide area network.
 SCADA for power
• Improved quality of service

• Improved reliability

• Reduced operating costs

• Maintenance /Expansion of customer base

• High value service providers

• Improved information for engineering

decision

• Flexible billing option

• Improved customer information access

 SCADA for railway
• Auto fault isolation
• Under voltage tripping
• Fault localization program
• Maximum demand calculation

• Safety tagging
Advantages of SCADA
A SCADA system is "normally" significantly cheaper than a
DCS.
SCADA systems allow a smaller number of operators to
control a large number of individual assets.
SCADA systems were designed to be used on large scale
systems with remote assets over a very large geographical
area.
 SCADA system improves operation, maintenance and
customer service and provides rapid response to
emergencies.
It provides a high level of system reliability and availability.
Disadvantages of SCADA
Troubled alarms
Lack of trained persons
Initial capital investments
 SCADA manufacturer and name of the
software
WONDERWARE Intouch
ALLEN BRADLEY R.S View
 SIEMENS Wincc
MODICON Moriecon
 G E FANUC Cimplicity
 INTELLUSION I Fix
KPIT Ashtra
 Review
More interfaces and efficient storage
More record or device oriented configuration 
But system wide configuration tools are still needed 
Are less expensive than DCS, but offer different
functionality than DCS 
And finally used in various applications
 References
www.scadaworld.com
www.nelcolimited.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.princeton-
indiana.com/wastewater/pages/scada/scada-
overview.html
www.scada.com
Thank You
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