Gotthard Base Tunnel

: . , -

O
.
1708 Umerloch
Andermatt, .
1847, 20 km
.
19

.
.
(
) St. Gotthard
200 . 1882
, , 1906, 3,3 km
Simplon, .
, (Gotthard Base Tunnel, GBT), 57 km,
2016,
.

2020 Ceneri.
Gotthard
13.
Reuss, .
100 , , 1980,
Gotthard.
.

 GBT
() 550 m .

. GBT Altdorf (UR) Bellinzona (TI)
30 km.
Gotthard ( )
.
, ,
.
(bank engines),
- (shunting).
-
.
200 km/h,
250 km/h.
2016.

. 26
, 80% (transit).
.
Gotthard Base Tunnel ,
.
.
(, ) .
2.300 m, Gotthard Base
Tunnel, .
50 C,
!

 The Gotthard Post (

. )
Rudolf Koller

 Gotthard, ,
1882 , ,
-.

 Gotthard Rail Tunnel 1882


Wassen (Chileli
).
,
.

 Airolo St. Gotthard

 Gotthard
1882

Gotthard

1947

Amsteg Bodio

1963

1989

Ltschberg Gotthard/Ceneri

1992

(New Rail Link through the Alps, NRLA)

1995 - 1998 NRLA

1995

Gotthard Base Tunnel

1996

Gotthard Base Tunnel Sedrun

1998

(Heavy Goods Vehicle

Charge, HGVC) (FinPT
fund). NRLA.

1999

Gotthard Base Tunnel

2002

Gotthard Base Tunnel

2007

Ltschberg Base Tunnel

2010

"" ("") Gotthard Base Tunnel

2016

Gotthard Base Tunnel

2019/2020

Ceneri Base Tunnel

 GBT

: 57 km ( )

"" , 325 m

: 152 km

Erstfeld (UR), Bodio (TI)

: 550 m

: 2,300 m

( ): 17

( tunnel boring machines) 80 % 20 %

: 28,2

Gotthard Base Tunnel: CHF 9.7 ( 1998,

) - CHF 12,2 (11,2 )

(NRLA)
Ltschberg, Gotthard Ceneri: CHF 18,2 ( 1998,
) - CHF 23 (21,2 )

: 260 65
( 180 )

: 100 km/h, 200 km/h

: 160 km/h , 250 km/h

: ETCS Level 2

, (
2019/2020): 45 min

Gotthard Base Tunnel: 5 2016

 , 23 , ,
(Gotthard Base Tunnel, GBT),
57 km.
(Saint-Gotthard
Massif). (Gotthard Rail Tunnel) 1881
(Gotthard Road Tunnel) 1980.

( Rotterdam-Basel-Genoa)
.
AlpTransit, (New
Railway Link through the Alps, NRLA), Ltschberg Base Tunnel
Bern Valais Ceneri Base Tunnel (
2020). GBT Gotthardbahn
Saint-Gotthard, 1882
, .
Uri Ticino,
Gotthard.
AlpTransit 1992 64%
1996. 15 2010
23 2011. AlpTransit Gotthard Ltd.
(SBB) 2016. 4
5 2016
850 ,
AlpTransit.
31 2014 ,
,
.

 ( ), (Bodio, Ticino)
(Erstfeld, Uri) Sedrun (Graubnden),
5 2016, ,
.
, 9,5 ,
,
.
( 800 m)
.
GPS,

. .
, 151,84 km.
2.600 .
,
.

.

,
. .
160 km/h,
250 km/h. 3 ,
. , ,
2016.
8
,
(TEN-T). : (2019), (2020),
(2023), (2024), (2025),
- (2029) (2025).

 ( km)

 St. Gotthard " " (two one-way tubes),

(emergency escape routes)

1.

2.

1-Initial
support; 2-Impermeable
layer; 3-Tunel arch
3.

(inner shell); 4-Groundwater; 5-Drainage rubble; 64.

Arch
drainage;
7-Base of cast-in-place concrete; 85.

Groundwater
collecting
6.

pipe (600mm); 9Tunnelwater

collecting
pipe (250mm); 10,11-Cable
7.


collector;
12-Rails
8.

600 mm
9.
250 mm
10.
11.
12.


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

( )

GBT - Emergency Stop Station: 1-main tunnel,

2-Emergency stop in the tunnel, 3-output area,
4-passageway, 5-evacuation tunnel, 6exhaust, 7-main exhaust, 8-fresh air, 9-fouling

 1999, 2.000
31.000.000 ton .

 / ( 235 m)


30 m.


30 m.

 "" 29 2013.

 700

 Gotthard
Base Tunnel, 290 km!

 . 31-10-2014
( " ", ) .

 .
2015 , .

 Mercedes Unimog U400



( )
( ).

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