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Lecture 24
Stomach
Blood stream
nutrients
Small intestine
Absorption
Large intestine
Cells
Since 1994, the FDA has had more than 800 reports of side
effects from ephedrine, including heart palpitations,
psychosis, heart attacks and strokes. But the GAO said the
FDA needed to provide better evidence to support the
proposed restrictions.
"FDA needs to provide stronger evidence on the
relationship between the intake of dietary supplements
containing ephedrine alkaloids and the occurrence of
adverse reactions," the GAO said.
FDA relied heavily on Adverse Events Reports without
providing its usual follow-up investigation, the GAO said.
The GAO report is considered a victory for dietary
supplements.
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In humans...CLA:
There are few studies, they have not been
published in peer-reviewed journals.
Some studies have shown CLA may modestly
increase lean body mass and promote fat loss
Others show that CLA has no effect on body
composition in trained or untrained individuals
Suggested that the discrepancy in the findings is
due to the differences in purity and ratio of
isomers... Call for more research.
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Chitosan...contd.
Animal studies: In seven studies conducted in
rats, all seven report that chitosan reduced blood
cholesterol levels.
Yet to be determined if there is an effect on body fat
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Summary
Weight loss is dependent on creating an energy
deficit. This can be done two ways:
1. Restricting calories
2. Exercise
Supplements are designed to mimic exercise
(increase metabolism, promote fat use) as well as
restrict nutrients from entering the cell for storage.
The old adage of no pain, no gain usually applies
to weight loss strategies with the most effective one
being a modest reduction in total energy intake in
conjunction with exercise (aerobic + resistance)
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