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Academic Writing-Faculty of Eng. Nov. 2014
Academic Writing-Faculty of Eng. Nov. 2014
Fereshteh Didegah
Email: fereshteh.didegah@soran.edu.iq
November 2014
Soran University, Faculty of Engineering
IS IT YOU?
Do Not Panic!
Introduction
Explains what you write
how you plan to do it
about and
Body
A series of paragraphs, 80-90%
of the
paper. Gives details/
evidence to answer the
questions
Conclusion Usually one paragraph, briefly
summarises
main ideas and
shows you have answered the
questions
References List of sources you used
style is preferred)
(Harvard
The Introduction
The introduction guides the reader into your paper by
grabbing attention and introducing the topic.
Make sure to introduce your topic. Provide a brief
synopsis of what your topic is and also remember to
include your reference works in text.
Remember to have a concluding sentence in your
introduction.
Body Structure
Body may be consisted of:
1. Literature Review
2. Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
Literature Review
Review relevant literature to the topic
Try to point out the gaps in the literature
Conclude with a short paragraph why you are doing the
current research? Is it in-line with any previous research
work?
Mention about research questions/hypotheses you are
seeking to answer them.
Methodology
Methodology section comprises of:
Research sample and population
Research method to conduct the research
Statistical/Mathematical methods if applied
The Conclusion
The conclusion brings together ALL of the main points of
the research.
It refers back to the results and discussion.
The conclusion leaves the reader with a final thought and
a sense of closure by resolving any ideas brought up in the
research.
#1 RULE IN ANY CONCLUSION
YOU CANNOT INTRODUCE ANYTHING NEW!
The impact
of social
Advantag
Disadvanta
es
ges
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Proof reading
Proof reading is different from revision. Revision
focuses on the content but proof reading deals with
recognizing and correcting errors, punctuation,
capitalisation, spelling and grammar.
If your writing is in English, ask an English native
speaker to proof-read your work.
Even if it is in your mother language (Kurdish),
proof-read your work few times or ask a second
person to do it for you.
Referencing
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Why do we reference?
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Source of references
References can include a range of sources:
Journal articles
Books
Conference proceedings
Dissertations
Government reports and reports from other bodies
Patents
Reliable websites/weblogs
Google Scholar
Plagiarism
Definition: Using someones words or ideas and
presenting them as your own (Marshall & Rowland,
1998).
There are many plagiarism software. The best used
by universities around the word is TURNITIN.
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