Electrical Hazard

Dr. B.Kristyanto

Electrical Hazard
Electrical Hazards occur when a person makes
contact with a conductor carrying a current and
simultaneously contacts the ground or another
object that includes a conductive path to the
ground. This person completes the circuit loop
by providing a load for the circuit and thereby
enables the current to pass through his or her
body. People can be protected from this danger
by insulating the conductors, insulating the
people, or isolating the danger from the people

Electrical Hazard

V= I R
V= potential difference in volts
I= current flow in amps
R= resistance to current
Power is measured in wattage, or watts,
and can be determined from Ohms law:

W= VI or W=I2R

Electrical Hazard
Electrical Shock
Fire & Explotion

Fundamental of electrical shock

To flow electricity must have a complete
path
Electricity flows through conductors
water, metal, the human body

Insulators are non-conductors

The human body is a conductor

Electrical shock

10000

C1

5000

C2 C3

2000
1000

200

100
50
20

Current (I) in mA
1. No effect
2. Little injurious without medicine
3. Muscle reaction, difficulty in breathing
4. Flicker of heart (C1), flicker<5% (C2),<50% (C3), for
more current could be injurious till the heart silentstand, breathlees,
and body burned

10000

5000

2000

1000

500

200

100

50

20

10

0,5

0,2

10
0,1

Time (t) in ms

500

Power plant

Fuse

current

220V/10W

Earth line

Metal

Contact to Earth
The leakage current flows
in Earth wire through
back to Source

Earth

Safety by
earthing

Power plant

Fuse

220V/10W

N
ELCB

Earth line

Current
Metal

The leakage current

flows through the
body

Earth

Safety
by
ELCB

Electric Leakage Circuit Breaker

An electromagnetic devise
Rate tripping current
<30 mA ,in 200 mS

<150 mA, in 40 mS

Power plant

Fuse

current

220V/10W

Earth line

Insulation

No leakage current
flows through the
body

Earth

Safety by
insulation

Power plant
Fuse

220 V

24V/10W

24 V

Earth line

current

Metal

No leakage current
flows through the
body

Earth

Auto
Transformer

Safety
by
reduced
voltage

Electrical safety tips

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yang kering pada saat memperbaiki
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