ORGANOMETALL

IC COMPOUNDS

Organic

compounds usually do not

contain metals.

Organometallic

compound is a type
of compound in which a metal
atom / metal ion is bonded to an
organic group.

GRIGNARD REAGENTS
( ORGANOMAGNESIUM COMPOUND )
In

1900, Victor Grignard

discovered the organomagnesium
compound.

In

1912, he won the Nobel Prize for

chemistry for his work on
organomagnesium compounds, which are
now called Grignard Reagents .

 Grignard

reagents are a class of

organomagnesium compound with the
general formula of RMgX

-R

is an alkyl grp / aryl grp

-X

is halogen

Eg.

C2H5MgBr , C6H5MgCl

 Grignard

reagent are formed by the reaction

between magnesium, Mg & haloalkane
dissolved in diethyl ether
( ether ) at 35C

ether
CH3CH2Br + Mg

CH3CH2MgBr
35C

Grignard

reagent must be prepared in dry

conditions , to prevent react with water to form
alkanes.

 The

Carbon Magnesium bond is

covalent but highly polar , with carbon
atom pulling electrons from the
electropositive Magnesium atom.

R-----Mg-----X
-

ORGANOLITHIUM
Formed

when Lithium, Li added to

haloalkanes in dry ether at -10C

R--X

+ 2Li

ether

R--Li + Li--X
-10C

C-Li >polar C-Mg , RLi >reactive RMgX

TETRAETHYLLEAD(IV)
Prepared

by heating the mixture

of
Chloroethane and Sodium-Lead alloy.

4C2H5Cl

+ 4NaPb (C2H5)4Pb + 4NaCl + 3Pb

**Tetraethyllead (IV) is used as petrol anti-knock

additive to increase the octane number of petrol.

OCTANE NUMBER OF
PETROL
Straight-chain alkanes obtained from crude petroleum are
not ideal as engine fuel because they tends to explode
prematurely and do not burn uniformly in the cylinder.
This produces a series of sharp explosion knows as
knocking which leads to wastage of petrol and decrease
the working life of the engine due to engine wear.

Heptane, C7H16 have harmful knocking properties

IsoOctane ,C8H18 (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) has excellent
antiknock characteristics.
Thus, Heptane (Octane#0) ,
2,2,4-trimethylpentane (Octane#100)
Antiknock Addictives, Tetraethyllead(IV) able to increase
the Octane# of a fuel. But cause damage on catalytic
converter.