12 Question Bank

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UNIT – 1 METALLURGY
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER: [ BOOK BACK ]
1. Bauxite has the composition
a) Al2O3 b) Al2O3.nH2O c) Fe2O3.2H2O d)None of these
2. Roasting of sulphide ore gives the gas (A).(A) is a colourless gas. Aqueous solution of (A)
is acidic. The gas (A) is a)CO2 b)SO3 c)SO2 d)H2S
3. Which one of the following reaction represents calcinations?
a) 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO b) 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
c) MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 d) Both (a) and (c)
4. The metal oxide which cannot be reduced to metal by carbon is
a) PbO b) Al2O3 c) ZnO d) FeO
7. Match items in column - I with the items of column – II and assign the correct code
Column – I Column - 2
A Cyanide process i Ultrapure Ge
B Froth flotation process ii Dressing of ZnS
C Electrolytic refining iii Extraction of Al
D Zone refining iv Extraction of Au
v Purification of Ni
A B C D
a i ii iii iv
b iii iv v i
c iv ii iii i
d ii iii i v
8. Wolframite ore is separated from tinstone by the process of
a) Smelting b) Calcination c) Roasting d) Electromagnetic separation
10. Electrochemical process is used to extract
a) Iron b) Lead c) Sodium d) silver
11. Flux is a substance which is used to convert
a) Mineral into silicate b) Infusible impurities to soluble impurities
c) Soluble impurities to infusible impurities d) All of these
12. Which one of the following ores is best concentrated by froth – floatation method?
a) Magnetite b) Hematite c) Galena d) Cassiterite
13. In the extraction of aluminium from alumina by electrolysis, cryolite is added to
a) Lower the melting point of alumina b) Remove impurities from alumina
c) Decrease the electrical conductivity d) Increase the rate of reduction
14. Zinc is obtained from ZnO by
a) Carbon reduction b) Reduction using silver
c) Electrochemical process d) Acid leaching
15. Cupellation is a process used for the refining of
a) Silver b) Lead c) Copper d) iron
17. Considering Ellingham diagram, which of the following metals can be used to reduce alumina?
a) Fe b) Cu c) Mg d) Zn
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18.The following set of reactions are used in refining Zirconium
Zr(Impure) + 2I2 → ZrI4 : ZrI4 → Zr( Pure) + 2I2
This method is known as
a) Liquation b) van Arkel process c) Zone refining d) Mond’s process
19. Which of the following is used for concentrating ore in metallurgy?
a) Leaching b) Roasting c) Froth floatation d) Both (a) and (c)
20. The incorrect statement among the following is
a) Nickel is refined by Mond’s process b) Titanium is refined by Van Arkel’s process
c) Zinc blende is concentrated by froth floatation
d) In the metallurgy of gold, the metal is leached with dilute sodium chloride solution
Text Book Exercise Questions and Answers
2 MARKS
1. What are the various steps involved in extraction of pure metals from their ores?
2. Which type of ores can be concentrated by froth flotation method? Give two examples for such ores.
(Sep-2020)
3. Explain the following terms with suitable examples. i) Gangue ii) Slag (PTA-2)
4. Give the basic requirement for vapour phase refining.
3 MARKS
1. What is the difference between minerals and ores?
2. What is the role of Limestone in the extraction of Iron from its oxide Fe2O3? (Sep-2020)
3. Describe a method for refining nickel. ( PTA – 3)
5 MARKS
1. Explain zone refining process with an example ,( PTA -6 , march -2020 )
2. Describe the role of the following in the process mentioned.
i) Silica in the extraction of copper. ii) Cryolite in the extraction of aluminium.
iii) Iodine in the refining of Zirconium. iv) Sodium cyanide in froth floatation.
3. Explain the principle of electrolytic refining with an example. (PTA-5)
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Two mark questions:
1. Describe the underlying principle of froth floation process.
2. What is the role of depressing agent in froth flotation process ?
3. Give example for the following 1. Frothing agent 2. Collector 3. Depressing agent
4. What is cementation ?
5. What is ammonia leaching?
6. What is Alkali leaching ? (or) How will you get pure alumina from impure alumina using leaching ?
[OR] What is the significance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium?
7. What are the steps involved in the extraction of crude metal?
8. How sulphur dioxide pollution is controlled in factories?
9. What is blister copper? How it is obtained ?
10. What is auto reduction of metallic ores?
11. What is the role of graphite rods in the electro metallurgy of aluminium?
12. Give two examples of metal refined by a) Distillation b) Liquation c) Electrolytic refining
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Three mark questions
1. Write about gravity separation or hydraulic wash?
2. Write about magnetic separation.
3. Write about Roasting (PTA-4)
4. Write about calcination. (PTA-4)
6. How Cr2O3 is reduced to Cr by Al powder? (or) Write about alumino thermite process.(PTA-6)
7. Write about smelting (or) Explain the role of flux in smelting process with suitable example.
8. Write about liquation process of refining a metal?
9. Write about Van – Arkel method for refining zirconium/titanium?
Five Mark Questions.
1. Explain froth floatation method.
2. How is copper extracted from copper pyrite ? (PTA-5)
UNIT-2 p – Block element
Choose the correct answer:
1. An aqueous solution of borax is
a) neutral b) acidic c) basic d) amphoteric
2. Boric acid is an acid because its molecule (NEET)
a) contains replaceable H+ ion b) gives up a proton
c) combines with proton to form water molecule d) accepts OH- from water ,releasing proton.
4. Which of the following metals has the largest abundance in the earth’s crust?
a) Aluminium b) calcium c) Magnesium d) sodium
6. The element that does not show catenation among the following p-block elements is
a) Carbon b) silicon c) Lead d) germanium
7. Carbon atoms in fullerene with formula C60 have
a) sp3 hybridised b) sp hybridized
c) sp hybridised
2 d) partially sp2 and partially sp3 hybridised
8. Oxidation state of carbon in its hydrides
a) +4 b) -4 c) +3 d) +2
10. The repeating unit in silicone is
11. Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer?
a) Me3SiCl b) PhSiCl3 c) MeSiCl3 d) Me2SiCl2
12. Which of the following is not sp hybridised?
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a) Graphite b) graphene c) Fullerene d) dry ice

13. The geometry at which carbon atom in diamond are bonded to each other is
a) Tetrahedral b) hexagonal c) Octahedral d) none of these
15. Match items in column - I with the items of column – II and assign the correct code.
Column-I Column-II
A Borazole 1 B(OH)3
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B Boric acid 2 B3N3H6
C Quartz 3 Na2[B4O5(OH)4] 8H2O
D Borax 4 SiO2
A B C D
A 2 1 4 3
B 1 2 4 3
C 1 2 4 3
D None of these
16. Duralumin is an alloy of

a) Cu,Mn b) Cu,Al,Mg c) Al,Mn d) Al,Cu,Mn,Mg
17. The compound that is used in nuclear reactors as protective shields and control rods is
a) Metal borides b) metal oxides c) Metal carbonates d) metal carbide
18. The stability of +1 oxidation state increases in the sequence
a) Al < Ga < In < Tl b) Tl < In < Ga < Al c) In < Tl < Ga < Al d) Ga< In < Al < Tl
Text Book Exercise Questions and Answers:

1. Write a short note on anomalous properties of the first element of p-block.
2. Describe briefly allotropism in p-block elements with specific reference to carbon.
3. Give the uses of borax.
4. What is catenation? Describe briefly the catenation property of carbon. (MARCH – 2020)
7. Give the uses of silicones.
10. Give one example for each of the following:
11. Write a note on metallic nature of p-block elements.
12. Complete the following reactions:
1. B(OH)3+NH3 →
2. Na2B4O7+ H2SO4+H2O →
i) B + NaOH →
j) H2B4O7 →
13. How will you identify borate radical? (PTA-5)
15. How will you convert boric acid to boron nitride? (PTA-3)
17. A double salt which contains fourth period alkali metal (A) on heating at 500K gives (B). Aqueous
solution of (B) gives white precipitate with BaCl2 and gives a red colour compound with alizarin. Identify
A and B.
ADDITIONAL TWO MARK
1. Why group 18 elements are called inert gases? Write the general electronic configuration of group 18
elements.
2. There is only a marginal difference in decrease in ionization enthalpy from aluminium to thallium –
explain why? (or) Why the ionization enthalpy from aluminium to thallium is only a marginal difference?
(MARCH -2020)
3. Give the ores of boron.
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4. How borax is prepared from colemanite ore?
5. Why solution of Borax is basic in nature? Or Aqueous solution of borax is basic . why?
6. What happen when borax is heated ? (or) what is the action of heat on borax?
7. What happen when boric acid is heated?
8. Why Boric acid is a weak monobasic acid ?
9. Explain the structure of boric acid
10. Write the uses of boric acid
12. Write the molecular formula of the followings
i. potash alum ii. Sodium alum iii. Ammonium alum iv. Chrome alum
ADDITIONAL THREE MARK
1. Give the anomalous properties of fluorine
2. Why TlCl is morw stable than TlCl ? (or) TlCl3 disproportionate readily?
3. Aluminium (III) chloride is stable where is Thallium (III) chloride is unstable why?
4. Write any three uses of boron.
5. How Boric acid is prepared from borax and colemanite? (OR) (b) What happens when a borax
solution is acidified? Write a balanced equation for the reaction ?
6. How sodium metaborate and sodium tetraborate are prepared from boric acid
7. How to prepare potash alum? (Sep-2020)
8. What is burnt alum? How will prepared?
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. How will you prepare potash alum. Give its properties and uses.
2. Write about the preparation and structure of silicones.
Unit 3 - p- Block Elements – II
Choose the best answer:
1. In which of the following , NH3 is not used?
a) Nessler’s reagent b) Reagent for the analysis of IV group basic radical
c) Reagent for the analysis of III group basic radical d) Tollen’s reagent
2. Which is true regarding nitrogen?
a) least electronegative element b) has low ionisation enthalpy than oxygen
c) d- orbitals available d) ability to form pπ-pπ bonds with itself
3. An element belongs to group 15 and 3 rd period of the periodic table, its electronic configuration would
be
a) 1s2 2s2 2p4 b) 1s2 2s2 2p3 c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
4. Solid (A) reacts with strong aqueous NaOH liberating a foul smelling gas(B) which spontaneously burn
in air giving smoky rings. A and B are respectively
a) P4(red) and PH3 b) P4(white) and PH3 c) S8 and H2S d) P4(white) and H2S
9. Assertion : bond dissociation energy of fluorine is greater than chlorine gas
Reason: chlorine has more electronic repulsion than fluorine
a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c) Assertion is true but reason is false. d) Both assertion and reason are false.
10. Among the following, which is the strongest oxidizing agent?
a) Cl2 b) F2 c) Br2 d) l2
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12. Which one of the following compounds is not formed?
a) XeOF4 b) XeO3 c) XeF2 d) NeF2
13. Most easily liquefiable gas is
a) Ar b) Ne c) He d) Kr
14. XeF6 on complete hydrolysis produces
a) XeOF4 b) XeO2F2 c) XeO3 d) XeO2
15. Which of the following is strongest acid among all?
a) HI b) HF c) HBr d) HCl
16. Which one of the following orders is correct for the bond dissociation enthalpy of halogen molecules?
a) Br2 > I2 > F2 > Cl2 b) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > l2 c) I2 > Br2 > Cl2 > F2 d) Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2
17. Among the following the correct order of acidity is (NEET)
a) HClO2 < HClO < HClO3 < HClO4 b) HClO4 < HClO2 < HClO < HClO3
c) HClO3 < HClO4 < HClO2 < HClO d) HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4
BOOK BACK QUESTION
1. What is inert pair effect?
2. Chalcogens belongs to p–block. Give reason.
3. Explain why fluorine always exhibit an oxidation state of –1?
4. Give the oxidation state of halogen in the following a) OF2 b) O2 F2 c) Cl2 O3 d) I2O4
5. What are interhalogen compounds? Give examples
6. Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens? (PTA-1,3)
7. Give the uses of helium.(PTA-2)
8. What is the hybridisation of iodine in IF7? Give its structure.(PTA-2)
9. Give the balanced equation for the reaction between chlorine with cold NaOH and hot NaOH
10. How will you prepare chlorine in the laboratory? (PTA-2)
13. Write the reason for the anamolous behaviour of Nitrogen.
15. Give the uses of argon.
16. Write the valence shell electronic configuration of group – 15 elements.
22. What type of hybridization occur in a) BrF5 b) BrF3 (PTA-5)
23. Complete the following reactions
3. IO3- + I- + H+→ 4. I 2+ S2O32- →

5. P4 + NaOH + H2O → (PTA-3) 8. KClO3 →
10. Sb + Cl2 → 12. XeF6 + H2O →
13. XeO64- + Mn2+ + H+→ 14. XeOF4 + SiO2 →
15. Xe + F2 →
ADDITIONAL TWO MARKS:
1. Nitrogen does not form any penta halides like phosphorus. Why? (PTA-4)
2. Ozone (O3) act as a powerful oxidizing agent why?(PTA-5)
3. What are known as pyrophoric metals ?
4. Classify the following allotropic form of sulphur as crystalline and amorphous:
(a) α-sulphur (b) β-sulphur (c) γ-sulphur (d) colloidal sulphur
5. SO2 is acidic or basic . Give supporting reaction.
6. Write about the structure of sulphr dioxide
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7. How is bleaching powder prepared from chlorine?(MARCH-20)
8. Give the preparation of xenon flourides
9. What is the hybridization in XeOF2? Give its structure. (PTA-1)
ADDITIONAL THREE MARKS:
1. Write about the reducing property of sulphur dioxide
2. Write about the bleaching action of sulphur dioxide.
3. How is chlorine manufactured by electrolytic process.
4. How is chlorine is manufactured by Deacon's process? (Sep-2020)
5. Write about the bleaching action of chlorine.
6. Give the properties or conditions for formation of interhalogen compounds (PTA-2)
7. Give the shape and hybridization of the followings XeF , XeF4,XeF6,XeOF2,XeOF4,XeO3.
8. Give reason : ICl is more reactive than I2 (PTA-3)
ADDITIONAL FIVE MARKS:
1. Write the structure of oxoacids of phosphorous. (PTA-3)
2. Write about Rhombic sulphur.
3. Write the structure of oxo acids of sulphur. MARCH 2020
UNIT – 4 Transition and Inner Transition Elements

Choose the best answer:
1. Sc( Z=21) is a transition element but Zinc (z=30) is not because
a) both Sc3+ and Zn2+ ions are colourless and form white compounds.
b) in case of Sc, 3d orbital are partially filled but in Zn these are completely filled
c) last electron as assumed to be added to 4s level in case of zinc
d) both Sc and Zn do not exhibit variable oxidation states
2. Which of the following d block element has half filled penultimate d sub shell as well as half filled
valence sub shell?
a) Cr b) Pd c) Pt d) none of these
3. Among the transition metals of 3d series, the one that has highest negative standard electrode
potential is
a) Ti b) Cu c) Mn d) Zn
4. Which one of the following ions has the same number of unpaired electrons as present in V3+?
a) Ti3+ b) Fe3+ c) Ni2+ d) Cr3+
5. The magnetic moment of Mn2+ ion is
a) 5.92BM b) 2.80BM c) 8.95BM d) 3.90BM
6. the catalytic behaviour of transition metals and their compounds is ascribed mainly due to
a) their magnetic behavior b) their unfilled d orbitals
c) their ability to adopt variable oxidation states d) their chemical reactivity
7. The correct order of increasing oxidizing power in the series
a) VO2+ < Cr2O72- < MnO4- b) Cr2O72- < VO2+< MnO4-
c) Cr2O72-< MnO4- < VO2+ d) MnO4- < Cr2 O72- <VO2+
13. Which one of the following statements related to lanthanons is incorrect?
a) Europium shows +2 oxidation state.
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b) The basicity decreases as the ionic radius decreases from Pr to Lu.
c) All the lanthanons are much more reactive than aluminium.
d) Ce4+ solutions are widely used as oxidising agents in volumetric analysis.
14. Which of the following lanthanoid ions is diamagnetic?
a) Eu2+ b) Yb2+ c) Ce2+ d) Sm2+
15. Which of the following oxidation states is most common among the lanthanoids?
a) 4 b) 2 c) 5 d) 3
16. Assertion : Ce is used as an oxidizing agent in volumetric analysis.
4+
Reason: Ce4+ has the tendency of attaining +3 oxidation state.

c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
d) Both assertion and reason are false.
17. The most common oxidation state of actinoids is
a) +2 b) +3 c) +4 d) +6
18. The actinoid elements which show the highest oxidation state of +7 are
a) Np, Pu ,Am b) U, Fm, Th c) U, Th, Md d) Es, No, Lr
19. Which one of the following is not correct?
a) La(OH)3 is less basic than Lu(OH)3
b) In lanthanoid series ionic radius of Ln3+ ions decreases
c) La is actually an element of transition metal series rather than lanthanide series
d) Atomic radii of Zr and Hf are same because of lanthanide contraction
Text Book Exercise Questions and Answers
1. What are transition metals? Give four examples (PTA-3)
2. Explain the oxidation states of 4d series elements.
3. What are inner transition elements?
4. Justify the position of lanthanides and actinides in the periodic table.(PTA-1)
5. What are actinides? Give three examples.
7. What is lanthanide contraction and what are the effects of lanthanide contraction?(PTA-3) (Sep-2020)
9. What are interstitial compounds? (PTA-1)
10. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in Ti3+, Mn2+ and calculate the spin only
magnetic moment.(PTA-6)
11. Write the electronic configuration of Ce4+ and Co2+.
12. Explain briefly +2 states become more and more stable in the first half of the first row
transition elements with increasing atomic number.
13. Which is more stable? Fe3+ or Fe2+ - explain.
14. Explain the variation in E0 M3+/M2+ 3d series.
15. Compare lanthanides and actinides.(PTA-4)
16. Explain why Cr2+ is strongly reducing while Mn3+ is strongly oxidizing.(PTA-5)
17. Compare the ionization enthalpies of first series of the transition elements.
18. Actinide contraction is greater from element to element than the lanthanide contraction why?
19. Out of Lu(OH)3 and La (OH)3 which is more basic and why? (PTA-2)
20. Why europium (II) is more stable than Cerium (II)?
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21. Why do zirconium and Hafnium exhibit similar properties?
22. Which is stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+?
23. The E0 M2+/ M value for copper is positive. Suggest a possible reason for this.
24. Describe the variable oxidation state of 3d series elements. (PTA-4)
25. Which metal in the 3d series exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently why?
26. Why first ionization enthalpy of chromium is lower than that of zinc?
27. Transition metals show high melting points. why? (PTA-6)
ADDITIONAL TWO MARKS :
1. Write the classification of transition elements.
2. Zn , Cd and Hg do not have partially filled d-orbitals why they are treated as transition elements?
3. Classify the following elements into d-block and f-block elements. ( March 2020)
i) tungsten ii) ruthenium iii) promethium iv) einsteiniu
4. Give the electronic configuration of copper and chromium.
5. Why d-orbitals containing symmetrical distribution of electron is more stable ?
6. Why Zn shows higher atomic radii in 3d series?
7. 4d and 5d transition series shows similar atomic radii . why?
8. Silver atom has completely filled d-orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a
transition element?
9. Explain why the melting and boiling points of Cd, Hg and Zn are low?
10. Why d block elements exhibit variable oxidation states? (PTA-4)
11. What is Zeigler - Natta Polymerisation
12. Why a d-block element forms alloys?
13. Why transition elements form complexes?
1. Write the characteristics of the transition elements.
2. In first transition series from Sc to V atomic radius decreases, thereafter up to Cu atomic radius
nearly the same . why?
3. Why Ni (II) complexes are thermodynamically more stable than Pt (II) complexes?
4. Why is the +2 oxidation state of manganese quite stable , while the same is not true for iron?
4. Why do transition elements and its compounds act as catalyst? Or Give the catalytic properties of d
block elements. (PTA-5)
5. State Hume - Rothery rule for alloy formation.
8. What are interstitial compounds? And Give the properties of interstitial compounds? (PTA-1)
5. Co – Ordination Chemistry
1. The sum of primary valence and secondary valence of the metal M in the complex [M (en)2 (Ox)] Cl is
a) 3 b) 6 c) -3 d) 9
2. An excess of silver nitrate is added to 100ml of a 0.01M solution of
pentaaquachloridochromium(III)chloride. The number of moles of AgCl precipitated would be
a)0.02 b) 0.002 c) 0.01 d) 0.2
3. A complex has a molecular formula MSO4Cl. 6H2O .The aqueous solution of it gives white
precipitate with Barium chloride solution and no precipitate is obtained when it is treated
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with silver nitrate solution. If the secondary valence of the metal is six, which one of the
following correctly represents the complex?
a) [M (H2O)4 Cl] SO4 .2H2O b) [M (H2O)6] SO4
c) [ M (H2O)5 Cl] SO4 .H2O d) [M (H2O)3 Cl] SO4 .3H2O
4. Oxidation state of Iron and the charge on the ligand NO in [Fe( H2O) NO] SO4 are
a) +2 and 0 respectively b) +3 and 0 respectively
c) +3 and -1 respectively d) +1 and +1 respectively
5. As per IUPAC guidelines, the name of the complex [Co (en)2(ONO) Cl] Cl is
a) chlorobisethylenediaminenitritocobalt(III) chloride
b) chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)nitro -Ocobaltate(III) chloride
c) chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diammine)nitrito -Ocobalt(II) chloride
d) chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diammine)nitrito κ -Ocobalt(III)chloride
6. IUPAC name of the complex K3[ Al(C2O4)3] is
a) potassiumtrioxalatoaluminium(III) b) potassiumtrioxalatoaluminate(II)
c) potassiumtrisoxalatoaluminate(III) d) potassiumtrioxalatoaluminate(III)
7. A magnetic moment of 1.73BM will be shown by one among the following (NEET)
a) TiCl4 b) [CoCl6]4- c) [Cu (NH3)4]2+ d) [Ni (CN) 4 ]2-
16. A complex in which the oxidation number of the metal is zero is
a) K4[Fe(CN)6] b) [Fe(CN)3(NH3)3] c) [Fe(CO)5] d) both (b) and (c)
17. Formula of tris(ethane-1,2-diamine)iron(II)phosphate
a) [Fe(CH3-CH(NH2)2)3](PO4)3 b) [Fe(H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2)3](PO4)
c) [Fe(H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2)3](PO4)2 d) [Fe(H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2)3]3(PO4)2
18. Which of the following is paramagnetic in nature?
a) [Zn(NH3)4]2+ b) [Co(NH3)6]3+ c) [Ni(H2O)6]2+ d) [Ni(CN)4]2-
Answer the following questions:
1. Write the IUPAC names for the following complexes. (PTA-3)
i) Na2[Ni (EDTA)] ii) [Ag(CN)2]- iii) [Co(en)3]2 (SO4)3 iv) [Co(ONO)(NH3)5]2+
v) [Pt(NH3)2 Cl(NO2) ]
2. Write the formula for the following coordination compounds.
a) Potassium hexacyanido ferrate (II)
b) petacarbonyl iron(0) c) pentaammine nitrito − κ−N-cobalt(III)ion
d) hexaammine cobalt(III)sulphate e) sodium tetrafluorido dihydroxido chromate(III)
3. Arrange the following in order of increasing molar conductivity
i) Mg [ Cr (NH3) Cl5] ii) [Cr(NH3)5 Cl]3 [CoF6]2 iii) [Cr(NH3)3 Cl3]
5. Based on VB theory explain why [ Cr(NH3)6]3+ is paramagnetic, while [ Ni(CN)4]2- is diamagnetic.
7. [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured, while [Sc (H2O)6]3+ is colourless- explain.
9. Give one test to differentiate [Co (NH3)5 Cl ] SO4 and [Co(NH3)5 SO4 ] Cl
12.Classify the following ligand based on the number of donor atoms.
a) NH3 b) en c) ox2- d) triamino triethylamine e) pyridine
13.Give the difference between double salts and coordination compounds. (PTA-6) (Sep-2020)
14.Write the postulates of Werner’s theory.
20. A solution of [Ni (H2O)6]2+ is green, whereas a solution of [ Ni(CN)4]2- is colorless - Explain
22. What is the coordination entity formed when excess of liquid ammonia is added to an
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aqueous solution copper sulphate?
23. On the basis of VB theory explain the nature of bonding in [ Co(C2O4)3]3- .
24. What are the limitations of VB theory?
1. What are the types of theories explain properties of coordination compounds?
2. Calculate the magnetic moment and magnetic property of [CoF6]3- ( MARCH -2020)
1. Calculate oxidation number of the following central metal ions (i) [Fe(CN)6]4-
(ii) [CO(NH3)5Cl]2+
1. Write the assumptions of valence bond theory (PTA-1)
2. Explain the hybridization , geometry, magnetic property and magnetic moment of
[ Ni (CO)4] using VB theory?
3. Write the IUPAC names for the following complexes.
UNIT 6 - SOLID STATE

TEXT BOOK QUESTION AND ANSWERS
1. Graphite and diamond are
a) Covalent and molecular crystals b) ionic and covalent crystals
c) both covalent crystals d) both molecular crystals
2. An ionic compound AxBy crystallizes in fcc type crystal structure with B ions at the centre
of each face and A ion occupying entre of the cube. the correct formula of AxBy is
a) AB b) AB3 c) A3B d) A8B6
4. Solid CO2 is an example of
a) Covalent solid b) metallic solid c) molecular solid d) ionic solid
5. Assertion : monoclinic sulphur is an example of monoclinic crystal system
Reason: for a monoclinic system, a≠b≠c and 𝛼 = 𝛾 = 90°, 𝛽 ≠ 0
6. In calcium fluoride, having the flourite structure the coordination number of Ca2+ ion and
F- Ion are
a) 4 and 2 b) 6 and 6 c) 8 and 4 d) 4 and 8
7. The number of unit cells in 8 gm of an element X ( atomic mass 40) which crystallizes in
bcc pattern is (NA is the Avogadro number)
a) 6.023 × 1023 b) 6.023 × 1022 c) 60.23 × 1023 d)
8. The number of carbon atoms per unit cell of diamond is
a) 8 b) 6 c) 1 d) 4
10. The composition of a sample of wurtzite is Fe0.93O1.00 what % of Iron present in the form of Fe3+ ?
a)16.05% b) 15.05% c) 18.05% d) 17.05%
12
11. The ionic radii of A+ and B− are 0.98X10 -10 m and 1.81 X 10-10 m. the coordination number of each ion
in AB is a) 8 b) 2 c) 6 d) 4
12.CsCl has bcc arrangement, its unit cell edge length is 400pm, its inter atomic distance is
√
a) 400pm b) 800pm c) √3 × 100pm d)
13. A solid compound XY has NaCl structure. if the radius of the cation is 100pm , the
radius of the anion will be
a) b) c) 100 × 0.414 d)
14. The vacant space in bcc lattice unit cell is
a) 48% b) 23% c) 32% d) 26%
15. The radius of an atom is 300pm, if it crystallizes in a face centered cubic lattice, the
length of the edge of the unit cell is
a) 488.5pm b) 848.5pm c) 884.5pm d) 484.5pm
16. The fraction of total volume occupied by the atoms in a simple cubic is
a) √ b) c) d) √
17. The yellow colour in NaCl crystal is due to
a) excitation of electrons in F centers b) reflection of light from Cl- ion on the surface
c) refraction of light from Na+ ion d) all of the above
18. if ‘a’ stands for the edge length of the cubic system ; sc , bcc, and fcc. Then the ratio of
radii of spheres in these systems will be respectively.
√ √ √
a) b) (√1 : √3 : √2 ) c) d) √
√ √
19. if ‘a’ is the length of the side of the cube, the distance between the body centered atom
and one corner atom in the cube will be
√ √
a) b) c) d)
√ √
20. Potassium has a bcc structure with nearest neighbor distance 4.52 Å . its atomic weight
is 39. its density will be
a) 915 kg m-3 b) 2142 kg m-3 c) 452 kg m-3 d) 390 kg m-3
21. Schottky defect in a crystal is observed when
a) unequal number of anions and anions are missing from the lattice
b) equal number of cations and anions are missing from the lattice
c) an ion leaves its normal site and occupies an interstitial site
d) no ion is missing from its lattice.
22. The cation leaves its normal position in the crystal and moves to some interstitial
position, the defect in the crystal is known as
a) Schottky defect b) F center c) Frenkel defect d) non-stoichiometric defect
23. Assertion: due to Frenkel defect, density of the crystalline solid decreases.
Reason : in Frenkel defect cation and anion leaves the crystal.
d) Both assertion and reason are false
d) Both assertion and reason are false
13
24. The crystal with a metal deficiency defect is
a) NaCl b) FeO c) ZnO d) KCl
25. A two dimensional solid pattern formed by two different atoms X and Y is shown below. The black
and white squares represent atoms X and Y respectively. the simplest formula for the compound based
on the unit cell from the pattern is
a) XY8 b) X4Y9 c) XY2 d) XY4
TEXT BOOK QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. Define unit cell.
2. Give any three characteristics of ionic crystals. (PTA-4)
3. Differentiate crystalline solids and amorphous solids. (PTA-1) (Sep-2020)
4 Classify the following solids
5. Explain briefly seven types of unit cell.
8. What are point defects? (PTA-2)
9. Explain Schottky defect.
10. Write short note on metal excess and metal deficiency defect with an example. (or) Write a short note
on non-stoichiometric defects.
11. Calculate the number of atoms in an FCC unit cell.
13. Why ionic crystals are hard and brittle?
14. Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of body centered cubic crystal.(PTA-2)
15. What is the two dimensional coordination number of a molecule in square close packed layer?
16. What is meant by the term “coordination number”? What is the coordination number of atoms in a
bcc structure?
17. An element has bcc structure with a cell edge of 288 pm. The density of the element is 7.2 gcm-3. How
many atoms are present in 208g of the element.
18. Aluminium crystallizes in a cubic close packed structure. Its metallic radius is 125pm. Calculate the
edge length of unit cell.
19. If NaCl is doped with 10-2 mol percentage of strontium chloride, what is the
concentration of cation vacancy?
20. KF crystallizes in fcc structure like sodium chloride. calculate the distance between
K+ and F− in KF.( given : density of KF is 2.48 g cm−3)
21. An atom crystallizes in fcc crystal lattice and has a density of 10 gcm-3 with unit cell edge length of
100pm. Calculate the number of atoms present in 1 g of crystal.
22. Atoms X and Y form bcc crystalline structure. Atom X is present at the corners of the cube and Y is at
the centre of the cube. What is the formula of the compound?
23. Sodium metal crystallizes in bcc structure with the edge length of the unit cell
14
4.3 ×10−8 cm. Calculate the radius of sodium atom.
24. Explain Frenkel defect (PTA-4) ( March-2020)
ADDITIONAL TWO MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Explain isotropy and anisotropy ?
2. Name the parameters that characterize a unit cell
3. What are primitive and non-primitive unit cell?
4. How electrical neutrality is maintained in stoichiometric ionic crystals?
5. What happens when ZnO is heated?
6. Schottky defect lowers the density of the ionic solid. Why?
7. Define Crystal lattice
8. What are the types of crystal defect
9. What are stoichiometric defects? Give an example.
10. If the no.of close packed sphere is 6, calculate the number of octahedral voids and tetrahedral voids
generated. March -2020
11. What is piezo electricity?
12. What is F – center?
1. What are molecular crystals. How are they classified?
2. Sketch i.SC ii.BCC iii.FCC & calculate its number of atoms per unit cell
3. How inter planar distance are calculated in unit cell? (or) Write the Bragg’s equation. Using Bragg’s
equation how can you calculate the edge of the unit cell. (PTA-3)
4. What is Impurity defect?
5. Explain how vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid when a cation of higher valence is added as
impurity in it. (Impurity defect)
6. When NaCl crystals are heated in the presence of sodium vapour, excess of Na+ ions are observed.
Justify your answer.(PTA-2)
7. What are general characteristics of solids
8. What is meant by packing efficiency (or) fraction ? How is measured?(PTA-5)
9. What are the types of point defects?
UNIT-7 CHEMICAL KINETICS
BOOK BACK ONE MARKS
1. For a first order reaction AB → the rate constant is x min−1 . If the initial concentration of A is 0.01M ,
the concentration of A after one hour is given by the expression.
a) 0.01 .e−x b) 1X10-2(1-e-60×) c) (1X10 -2)e-60× d) none of these
2. A zero order reaction X → Product, with an initial concentration 0.02M has a half life of 10 min. if
one starts with concentration 0.04M, then the half life is
a) 10 s b) 5 min c) 20 min d) cannot be predicted using the given information
3. Among the following graphs showing variation of rate constant with temperature (T) for a reaction, the
one that exhibits Arrhenius behavior over the entire temperature range is
15
4. For a first order reaction A product with initial concentration x mol L−1, has a half life period of 2.5
hours . For the same reaction with initial concentration (x/2) mol L-1 the half life is
a) (2.5 x 2) hours b) (2.5/2) hours c) 2.5 hours
d) Without knowing the rate constant, t1/2 cannot be determined from the given data
5. For the reaction, 2NH3 N2 + 3H2, if –d[NH3] / dt = k[NH3]; d[N2] /dt = k2 [NH3], d[H2]/dt = k[NH3]
then the relation between k1,k2 and k3 is
a) k1 = k2 = k3 b) k1=3 k2= 2k3 c) 1.5 k1 = 3 k2 = k3 d) 2k1 = k2 = 3k3
6. The decomposition of phosphine (PH3) on tungsten at low pressure is a first order reaction. It is
because the (NEET)
a) rate is proportional to the surface coverage
b) rate is inversely proportional to the surface coverage
c) rate is independent of the surface coverage d) rate of decomposition is slow
7. For a reaction Rate = k [acetone] then unit of rate constant and rate of reaction respectively is
3/2
a) ( mol L-1s-1), (mol-1/2L1/2 s-1 ) b) (mol-1/2L1/2 s-1 ) , mol L-4 s-4 )

c) (mol1/2 L1/2 s -1), ( mol L-1 s-1 ) d) (mol L s -1 ) , (mol1/2 L1/2 s)
9. Consider the following statements :
(i) increase in concentration of the reactant increases the rate of a zero order reaction.
(ii) rate constant k is equal to collision frequency A if Ea = 0
(iii) rate constant k is equal to collision frequency A if Ea =∞
(iv) a plot of ln (k) vs T is a straight line.
(v) a plot of ln (k) vs (1/T ) is a straight line with a positive slope.
Correct statements are
a) (ii) only b) (ii) and (iv) c) (ii) and (v) d) (i), (ii) and (v)
10. In a reversible reaction, the enthalpy change and the activation energy in the forward direction are
respectively - x kJ mol -1 and y kJ mol-1. Therefore , the energy of activation in the backward direction is
a) (y – x ) kJ mol-1 b) (x + y ) J mol-1 c)(x – y ) kJ mol-1 d) (x + y ) × 10 3 J mol-1.
11. What is the activation energy for a reaction if its rate doubles when the temperature is raised from
200 K to 400 K? (R = 8.314 JK-1mol-1)
a) 234.65 kJ mol-1 b) 434.65 kJ mol-1 c) 434.65 kJ mol-1 d) 334.65 kJ mol-1
12. ; This reaction follows first order kinetics. The rate constant at particular
temperature is 2.303 x 10 hour -1. The initial concentration of cyclopropane is 0.25 M. What will be the
-2
concentration of cyclopropane after 1806 minutes? (log 2 = 0.3010)

a) 0.125M b) 0.215M c) 0.25 ×2.303M d) 0.05M
13. For a first order reaction, the rate constant is 6.909 min .the time taken for 75% conversion in
-1
minutes is
16
a) (3/2) log 2 b) (2/3) log 2 c) (3/2) log (3/4) d) (2/3) log (4/3)
14. In a first order reaction x → y; if k is the rate constant and the initial concentration of the reactant x
is 0.1M, then, the half life is
a) log 2/k b) 0.693/ 0.1(k) c) (ln2/ k) d) none of these
15. Predict the rate law of the following reaction based on the data given below
2A + B→ C + 3D
Reaction [A] [B] Initial rate
number (min) (min) (M s-1)
1 0.1 0.1 X
2 0.2 0.1 2x
3 0.1 0.2 4x
4 0.2 0.2 8x
a) rate = k [A]2 [B] b) rate = k [A] [B] 2 c) rate = k [A][B] d) rate = k [A]1/2 [B]3/2
16. Assertion: rate of reaction doubles when the concentration of the reactant is doubles if it is a
first order reaction.
Reason: rate constant also doubles
17. The rate constant of a reaction is 5.8 x 10-2 s-1. The order of the reaction is
a) First order b) zero order c) Second order d) Third order
18. For the reaction N2O5(g)→ 2NO2(g) + 1/2O2(g), the value of rate of disappearance of N2O5 is given
as 6.5 x 10 mol L s . The rate of formation of NO2 and O2 is given respectively as
-2 -1 -1
a) (3.25 x 10-2 mol L-1 s-1) and (1.3 x 10-2 mol L-1 s-1)
b) (1.3 x10-2 mol L-1 s-1) and (3.25 x 10-2 mol L-1 s-1)
c) (1.3 x 10-1 mol L-1 s-1) and (3.25 x 10-2 mol L-1 s-1) d) None of these
19. During the decomposition of H2O2 to give dioxygen, 48 g O2 is formed per minute at certain point of
time. The rate of formation of water at this point is
a) 0.75 mol min−1 b) 1.5 mol min−1 c) 2.25 mol min−1 d) 3.0 mol min−1
20. If the initial concentration of the reactant is doubled, the time for half reaction is also doubled. Then
the order of the reaction is
a) Zero b) one c) Fraction d) none
21. In a homogeneous reaction A → B + C + D, the initial pressure was P0 and after time t it was P.
expression for rate constant in terms of P0, P and t will be
a) k = (2.303/t) log (2P0/ 3P0 – P) b) k = (2.303/t) log (2P0 / P0 – P)
c) k = (2.303/t) log (3P0 - P/ 2P0) d) k = (2.303/t) log (2P0 / 3P0 – 2P)
22. If 75% of a first order reaction was completed in 60 minutes , 50% of the same reaction under the
same conditions would be completed in
a) 20 minutes b) 30 minutes c) 35 minutes d) 75 minutes
23. The half life period of a radioactive element is 140 days. After 560 days , 1 g of element will be
reduced to
17
a) (1/2) g b) (1/4) g c) (1/8) g d) (1/16) g
24. The correct difference between first and second order reactions is that (NEET)
a) A first order reaction can be catalysed; a second order reaction cannot be catalysed.
b) The half life of a first order reaction does not depend on [A0]; the half life of a second
order reaction does depend on [A0].
9. The rate of a first order reaction does not depend on reactant concentrations; the rate of a
second order reaction does depend on reactant concentrations.
10. The rate of a first order reaction does depend on reactant concentrations; the rate of a second
order reaction does not depend on reactant concentrations.
25. After 2 hours, a radioactive substance becomes (1/16) th of original amount. Then the half life ( in
min) is
a) 60 minutes b) 120 minutes c) 30 minutes d) 15 minutes
Text Book Exercise Questions and Answer

1. Define average rate and instantaneous rate.
2 Define rate law and rate constant.
3. Derive integrated rate law for a zero order reaction A → product. (PTA-6)(March-2020)
4. Define half-life of a reaction. Show that for a first order reaction half-life is independent of initial
concentration.(PTA-5)
5. What is an elementary reaction? Give the differences between order and molecularity
of a reaction.(PTA-1)
6. Explain the rate determining step with an example. (PTA-4)
7. Describe the graphical representation of first order reaction.
8. Write the rate law for the following reactions.
(a) A reaction that is 3/2 order in x and zero order in y.
(b) A reaction that is second order in NO and first order in Br2.
9. Explain the effect of catalyst on reaction rate with an example.
10. The rate law for a reaction of A, B and L has been found to be rate = k [A]2 [B] [L]3/2.
How would the rate of reaction change when
(i) Concentration of [L] is quadrupled
(ii) Concentration of both [A] and [B] are doubled
(iii) Concentration of [A] is halved
(iv) Concentration of [A] is reduced to (1/3) and concentration of [L] is quadrupled.
11. The rate of formation of a dimer in a second order reaction is 7.5 × 10 – 3 mol L – 1 s – 1
at 0.05 mol L – 1 monomer concentration. Calculate the rate constant. (PTA-2)
12. For a reaction x + y + z → products the rate law is given by rate = k [x]3/2 [y]1/2 . What is the overall
order of the reaction and what is the order of the reaction with respect to z.
14. Write Arrhenius equation and explains the terms involved.
15. The decomposition of Cl2O7 at 500 K in the gas phase to Cl2 and O2 is a first order reaction. After 1
minute at 500K, the pressure of Cl2O7 falls from 0.08 to 0.04 atm.
Calculate the rate constant in s – 1.
16. Give two examples of zero order reaction.
17. Explain pseudo first order reaction with an example.
18
18. Identify the order for the following reactions
(i) Rusting of Iron
(ii) Radioactive disintegration of 92U238
(iii) 2A + 3B → products ; rate = [A]1/2 [B]2
19. A gas phase reaction has energy of activation 200 kJ mol – 1. If the frequency factor of the reaction is
1.6 × 1013 s – 1. Calculate the rate constant at 600 K. ( e-40.09 = 3.88 × 10 –18)
20. For the reaction 2x + y → L. Find the rate law from the following data.
23. The rate constant for a first order reaction is 1.54 × 10 – 3 s – 1. Calculate its half life time. (Sep-2020)
24. The half -life of the homogeneous gaseous reaction SO2Cl2 → SO2 + Cl2 which obeys
first order kinetics is 8.0 minutes. How long will it take for the concentration of SO2Cl2 to be reduced to
1% of the initial value?
25. The time for half change in a first order decomposition of a substance A is 60 seconds. Calculate the
rate constant. How much of A will be left after 180 seconds?
26. A zero order reaction is 20% complete in 20 minutes. Calculate the value of the rate constant. In what
time will the reaction be 80% complete?
27. The activation energy of a reaction is 225 k Cal mol-1 and the value of rate constant at 40°C is 1.8 x 10-
5 s-1. Calculate the frequency factor, A.
28. Benzene diazonium chloride in aqueous solution decomposes according to the equation
C6H5N2Cl → C6H5Cl + N2.Starting with an initial concentration of 101 g L−1, the volume of N2 gas
obtained at 50 °C at different intervals of time was found to be as under:
Show that the above reaction follows the first order kinetics. What is the value of the rate constant?
29. From the following data, show that the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is a reaction of the first
order:
Where t is the time in minutes and V is the volume of standard KMnO4 solution required for titrating the
same volume of the reaction mixture.
30. A first order reaction is 40% complete in 50 minutes. Calculate the value of the rate
constant. In what time will the reaction be 80% complete?
Examples problem
1. Consider the oxidation of nitric oxide to form NO2 , 2NO(g) + O2 2NO2(g)
19
(a). Express the rate of the reaction in terms of changes in the concentration of NO,O2 and NO2
(b). At a particular instant, when [O2 ] isdecreasing at 0.2 mol L−1s−1 at what rate is[NO2 ] increasing at
that instant?
2. What is the order with respect to each of the reactant and overall order of the following reactions?
(a) 5Br-(aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+ (aq) 3Br2(l) + H2O(l)
The experimental rate law is rate = k[Br-][ BrO3-][ H+]2
(b) CH3CHO(g) CH4(g) + CO(g) the experimental rate law is Rate = k[CH3CHO]3/2
3. The rate of the reaction x + 2y → product is 4 x 10-3 mol L-1 s-1 , if [x]=[y]=0.2 M and rate constant at
400K is 2 x 10-2 s-1 , What is the overall order of the reaction.
4. A first order reaction takes 8 hours for 90% completion. Calculate the time required for 80%
completion. (log 5 = 0.6989 ; log10 = 1)
5. The half life of a first order reaction X → products is 6.932 x 104 s at 500K 4 . W h a t percentage
of x would be decomposed on heating at 500K for 100 min. (e0.06 = 1.06)
6. Show that in case of first order reaction, the time required for 99.9% completion is nearly ten times
the time required for half completion of the reaction.
7. The rate constant of a reaction at 400 and 200K are 0.04 and 0.02 s-1 respectively. Calculate the value
of activation energy.
8. Rate constant k of a reaction varies with temperature T according to the following Arrhenius equation
Where Ea is the activation energy. When a graph is plotted for logk Vs 1/T a
straight line with a slope of -4000K is obtained. Calculate the activation energy
1. Define rate of a reaction.
2 . Define molecularity.
3. Define order of a reaction.
4. Give general expression for half life of nth order reaction.
5. The reaction A + 2B → C obeys the rate equation. Rate = k[A]1/2 [B]2/3 what is the order of reaction?
6. Calculate the overall order of this reaction. Cl2(g) + 2NO(g) → 2NOCl(g)
7. Give examples of first order reaction.
8. Molecularity of any reaction is not equal to Zero. why?
1. Differentiate rate and rate constant. (PTA-3)

2. Derive an expression of half life of a zero order reaction. (PTA-4)
3. For the general reaction A → B,plot of concentration of A Vs time is given in the graph below.(PTA-5)
Answer the following question on the basis of this graph

(i) What is the order of reaction?
(ii) What is the slope of the curve?
(iii) What is the unit of rate constant?
20
1. Derive integrated rate law for a first order reaction A → product. (PTA-2,3)(march-2020)
2. Derive Arrhenius equation to calculate activation energy from the rate constant k1 and k2 temperature
T1 and T2 respectively. (PTA-2)
UNIT – 8 Ionic Equilibrium
1. Concentration of the Ag+ ions in a saturated solution of Ag2C2O4 is 2.24 ×10-4mol L-1 solubility product
of Ag2C2O4 is
a) 2.42 ×10-8mol3L-3 b) 2.66 ×10-12 mol3L-3 c) 4.5×10-11 mol3L-3 d) 5.619 × 10–12 mol3L-3
2. Following solutions were prepared by mixing different volumes of NaOH of HCl different
concentrations.
i. 60 mL HCl + 40mL NaOH ii. 55 mL HCl + 45 mL NaOH
iii. 75 mL HCl + 25mL NaOH iv. 100 mL HCl + 100 mL NaOH
pH of which one of them will be equal to 1?
a) iv b) i c) ii d) iii
3. The solubility of BaSO4 in water is 2.42 x10 gL at 298K. The value of its solubility product
-3 -1
(Ksp )will be (NEET -2018). (Given molar mass of BaSO4 =233g mol -1 )
a) 1.08 x10-14mol2L-2 b)1.08 x10-12mol2L-2 c) 1.08 x10-10mol2L-2 d) 1.08 x10-8mol2L-2
4. pH of a saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 is 9. The Solubility product (K sp) of Ca(OH)2
a) 0.5×10-15 b) 0.25 ×10-10 c) 0.125 ×10-15 d) 0.5×10-10
5. Conjugate base for Bronsted acids H2O and HF are
a) OH- and H2 FH+ , respectively b) H3O+ and F- , respectively
c) OH- and F-, respectively d) H3O+ and H2F+ , respectively
6. Which will make basic buffer?
a) 50 mL of 0.1M NaOH+25mL of 0.1M CH3 COOH
b) 100 mL of 0.1M CH3 COOH+100 mL of 0.1M NH4 OH
c) 100 mL of 0.1M HCl+200 mL of 0.1M NH4 OH
d) 100 mL of 0.1M HCl+100 mL of 0.1M NaOH
7. Which of the following fluro compounds is most likely to behave as a Lewis base?
a) BF3 b) PF3 c) CF4 d) SiF4
8. Which of these is not likely to act as Lewis base?
a) BF3 b) PF3 c) CO d) F–
10. The percentage of pyridine (C5H5N) that forms pyridinium ion (C5H5NH) in a 0.10M aqueous pyridine
solution (K for C5H5N= 1.7 ×10-9 ) is
a) 0.006% b) 0.013% c) 0.77% d) 1.6%
11. Equal volumes of three acid solutions of pH 1,2 and 3 are mixed in a vessel. What will be the H+ ion
concentration in the mixture?
a) 3.7×10-2 b) 10-6 c) 0.111 d) none of these
12. The solubility of AgCl (s) with solubility product 1.6×10-10 in 0.1M NaCl solution would be
a) 1.26 × 10-5M b) 1.6×10-9M c) 1.6×10-11M d) Zero
13. If the solubility product of lead iodide is 3.2×10 , its solubility will be
-8
a) 2×10-3M b) 4×10-4M c) 1.6×10-5M d) 1.8×10-5M
21
14. MY and NY3 , are insoluble salts and have the same Ksp values of 6.2×10-13 at room temperature.
Which statement would be true with regard to MY and NY3 ?
a) The salts MY and NY3 are more soluble in 0.5M KY than in pure water
b) The addition of the salt of KY to the suspension of MY and NY3 will have no effect on their solubility’s
c) The molar solubilities of MY and NY3 in water are identical
d) The molar solubility of MY in water is less than that of NY3
15. What is the pH of the resulting solution when equal volumes of 0.1M NaOH and 0.01M HCl are mixed?
a) 2.0 b) 3 c) 7.0 d) 12.65
16. The dissociation constant of a weak acid is 1×10 . In order to prepare a buffer solution with a pH = 4,
-3
[ ]
the [ ]
ratio should be
a) 4:3 b) 3:4 c) 10:1 d) 1:10
17. The pH of 10-5M KOH solution will be
a) 9 b) 5 c) 19 d) none of these
18. H2PO4 the conjugate base of
-
a) PO43- b) P2O5 c) H3PO4 d) HPO42-

19. Which of the following can act as Lowry – Bronsted acid as well as base?
a) HCl b) SO42- c) HPO42- d) Br-
20. The pH of an aqueous solution is Zero. The solution is
a) slightly acidic b) strongly acidic c) neutral d) basic
Answer the following questions:
1. What are lewis acids and bases? Give two example for each.(March-2020)
2. Discuss the Lowery – Bronsted concept of acids and bases.
3. Identify the conjugate acid base pair for the following reaction in aqueous solution (Sep-2020)
i) HS- (aq) + HF F- (aq) + H2 S(aq) ii) HPO42- + SO32- PO43- + HSO3-
iii) NH4+ + CO32- NH3 + HCO3-
4. Account for the acidic nature of HClO4. In terms of Bronsted – Lowry theory, identify its conjugate base.
5. When aqueous ammonia is added to CuSO4 solution, the solution turns deep blue due to the formation
of tetrammine copper (II) complex, [Cu(H2O)4]2-(aq) + 4NH3(aq) [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) , among H2 O
and NH3 Which is stronger Lewis base.
6. The concentration of hydroxide ion in a water sample is found to be 2.5×10-6M. Identify the nature of
the solution.
7. A lab assistant prepared a solution by adding a calculated quantity of HCl gas 25oC to get a solution
with [H3 O+ ]= 4 x 10-5 M . Is the solution neutral (or) acidic (or) basic.
8. Calculate the pH of 0.04 M HNO3 Solution.
9. Define solubility product [PTA – 1]
10. Define ionic product of water. Give its value at room temperature. [PTA – 5]
11. Explain common ion effect with an example [PTA – 4] (Sep-2020)
12. Derive an expression for Ostwald’s dilution law [PTA – 1,3] (Sep-2020)
13. Define pH
14. Calculate the pH of 1.5×10-3M solution of Ba (OH) 2
15. 50ml of 0.05M HNO3 is added to 50ml of 0.025M KOH . Calculate the pH of the resultant solution.
16. Solubility product of Ag2CrO4 is 1×10-12 . What is the solubility of Ag2 CrO4 in 0.01M AgNO3 solution?
22
17. Write the expression for the solubility product of Ca3 (PO4)2
18. A saturated solution, prepared by dissolving CaF2 (s) in water, has [Ca2+ ]=3.3 x10-4 M What is the Ksp
of CaF2 ?
19. Ksp of AgCl is 1.8×10−10 . Calculate molar solubility in 1 M AgNO3
20. A particular saturated solution of silver chromate Ag2CrO4 has [Ag+]=5 ×10-5 and
[CrO42- ] =4.4 x 10-4 M. What is the value of Ksp for Ag2CrO4 ?
21. Write the expression for the solubility product of Hg2 Cl2.
22. Ksp of Ag2CrO4 is 1.1x 10-12. what is solubility of Ag2CrO4 in 0.1M K2CrO4.
23. Will a precipitate be formed when 0.150 L of 0.1M Pb(NO3)2 and 0.100 L of 0.2 M NaCl
are mixed? Ksp (PbCl2 )=1.2 x 10-5.
24 . Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 1×10-15M. At what pH does 1.0×10-3M Al3+ precipitate on the addition
of buffer of NH4Cl and NH4OH solution?
EXAMPLE PROBLUM
1. Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the following reactions.
Cr3++ 6 H2O [Cr(H2O)6 ]3+
2. Calculate the concentration of OH- in a fruit juice which contains 2 x10-3 M, H3O+ ion.
Identify the nature of the solution.
3. Calculate the pH of 0.001M HCl solution
4. A solution of 0.10M of a weak electrolyte is found to be dissociated to the extent of 1.20% at 25oC . Find
the dissociation constant of the acid.
5. Calculate pH of 10-7M HCl
6. Find the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.20 mole per litre sodium acetate and 0.18
mole per litre acetic acid. Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 × 10-5 .
7. Establish a relationship between the solubility product and molar solubility for the
Following a) BaSO4 b) Ag2 (CrO4 ).
9. Indicate find out whether lead chloride gets precipitated or not when 1 mL of 0.1M
lead nitrate and 0.5 mL of 0.2 M NaCl solution are mixed? Ksp of PbCl2 is 1.2 x 10-5
8. What is the pH of an aqueous solution obtained by mixing 6 gram of acetic acid and 8.2 gram of sodium
acetate making the volume equal to 500 ml. (Given: Ka for acetic acid
is 1.8 x10-5 )
Additional question- 2 MARKS
1. What are Arrhenius acids and bases. Give examples.
2. What are the limitations of Arrhenius concept of acids and bases.
3. How solubility product is determined from molar solubility? (PTA-2)
4. When temperature is increased, will ionic product of water increase or decrease? Give reason to justify
your answer.
5. Write the PH value of the following substance. 1. Stomach acid 2. Orange juice 3. Black coffee
4. Baking soda 5. Ammonia solution 6. Bleach 7. Battery acid 8. Vinegar 7. Tomato 10. Urine
11. Sea water 12. Indigestion tablet 13. Soapy water 14. Drain cleaner (march 2020)
8. Define Oswald’s dilution law.(PTA-1,3)
9. What are conjugate acid-base pairs? Give example. (PTA-3)
Additional question - 3 MARKS
1.Derive the relation between P and POH
H
23
2. What are buffer solutions? Explain their types with examples. (Sep-2020)
5 MARKS
1. Differentiate between lewis acid and lewis bases. [PTA – 4]
2.Derive Henderson – Hasselbalch equation. [MARCH -2020]
3. Explain buffer action with example. [PTA – 6]
Unit – 9 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
1. The number of electrons that have a total charge of 9650 coulombs is
a) 6.22×1023 b) 6.022 ×1024 c) 6.022 ×1022 c) 6.022 ×10−34
4. The molar conductivity of a 0.5 mol dm-3 solution of AgNO3 with electrolytic conductivity of 5.76×10−3
S cm−1at 298 K is
a) 2.88 S cm2mol-1 b) 11.52 S cm2mol-1 c) 0.086 S cm2mol-1 d) 28.8 S cm2 mol-1
5.
Electrolyte KCl KNO3 HCl NaOAC NaCl
˄- 149.9 145.0 426.2 91.0 126.5
(S cm mol )
2 -1
Calculate Λ0 HOAC using appropriate molar conductances of the electrolytes listed above at infinite dilution
in water at 25oC .
a) 517.2 b) 552.7 c) 390.7 d) 217.5
6. Faradays constant is defined as
a) charge carried by 1 electron b) charge carried by one mole of electrons
c) charge required to deposit one mole of substance d) charge carried by 6.22×1010 electrons.
7. How many faradays of electricity are required for the following reaction to occur MnO4- → Mn2+
a) 5F b) 3F c) 1F d) 7F
8. A current strength of 3.86 A was passed through molten Calcium oxide for 41minutes and 40 seconds.
The mass of Calcium in grams deposited at the cathode is (atomic mass of Ca is 40g / mol and 1F =
96500C).
a) 4 b) 2 c) 8 d) 6
9. During electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, the time required to produce 0.1mole of chlorine gas
using a current of 3A is
a) 55 minutes b) 107.2 minutes c) 220 minutes d) 330 minutes
10. The number of electrons delivered at the cathode during electrolysis by a current of 1A in
60 seconds is (charge of electron = 1.6×10−19C )
a) 6.22 ×1023 b) 6.022 ×1020 c) 3.75×1020 d) 7.48×1023
11. Which of the following electrolytic solution has the least specific conductance
a) 2N b) 0.002N c) 0.02N d) 0.2N
17. The equivalent conductance of solution of a weak monobasic acid is 6 mho cm2 equivalent –1 and
at infinite dilution is 400 mho cm2 equivalent –1. The dissociation constant of this acid is
a) 1.25×10−6 b) 6.25 10-6 c) 1.25×10−4 d) 6.25 x 10-5
18. A conductivity cell has been calibrated with a 0.01M, 1:1 electrolytic solution (specific conductance (κ
=1 25 x10-3 S cm-1 ) in the cell and the measured resistance was 800 W at 250C . The cell constant is,
a) 10−1 c m−1 b) 101 c m−1 c) 1 c m−1 d) 5.7 x10-12
24
19. Conductivity of a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt AB (1:1 electrolyte) at 298K is
1.85×10−5 S m−1. Solubility product of the salt AB at 298K (∧m0 ) AB =14×10−3 S m2 mol−1 .
a) 5.7 x10-12 b) 1.32×10−12 c) 7.5×10−12 d) 1.74 x10-12
20. In the electrochemical cell: Zn ∣ZnSO4 (0.01M) ∥ CuSO4 (1.0M) ∣ Cu , the emf of this Daniel cell is E1.
When the concentration of is changed to 1.0M and that CuSO4 changed to 0.01M, the emf changes to E2.
From the above, which one is the relationship between E1 and E2?
a) E1 < E2 b) E1 > E2 c) E2 ≥ E1 d) E1 = E2
22. For the cell reaction
2Fe3+(aq) + 2l−(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + l2(aq)
E0cell = 0.24V at 298K. The standard Gibbs energy (Δ, G0) of the cell reactions is :
a) -46.32 KJ mol−1 b) -23.16 KJ mol−1 c) 46.32 KJ mol−1 d) 23.16 KJ mol-1
23. A certain current liberated 0.504gm of hydrogen in 2 hours. How many grams of copper can be
liberated by the same current flowing for the same time through copper sulphate solution
a) 31.75 b) 15.8 c) 7.5 d) 63.5
24. A gas X at 1 atm is bubbled through a solution containing a mixture of 1MY- and 1MZ- at 25oC . If the
reduction potential of Z>Y>X, then
a) Y will oxidize X and not Z b) Y will oxidize Z and not X
d) Y will oxidize both X and Z d) Y will reduce both X and Z
Short Answer (BOOK BACK)
1. Define anode and cathode
2. Why does conductivity of a solution decrease on dilution of the solution
3. State Kohlrausch Law. How is it useful to determine the molar conductivity of weak
electrolyte at infinite dilution. (Sep-2020)
4. Describe the electrolysis of molten NaCl using inert electrodes
5. State Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis
8. The conductivity of a 0 .0 1M solution of a 1 :1 weak electrolyte at 298K is 1.5 x10 -4 S cm-1.
i) molar conductivity of the solution
ii) degree of dissociation and the dissociation constant of the weak electrolyte
9. Which of 0.1M HCl and 0.1 M KCl do you expect to have greater molar conductance
(˄ ) and why?
10. Arrange the following solutions in the decreasing order of specific conductance.
i) 0.01M KCl ii) 0.005M KCl iii) 0.1M KCl iv) 0.25 M KCl v) 0.5 M KCl
11. Why is AC current used instead of DC in measuring the electrolytic conductance?(PTA-5)
12. 0.1M NaCl solution is placed in two different cells having cell constant 0.5 and
0.25cm-1 respectively . Which of the two will have greater value of specific conductance?
13. A current of 1.608A is passed through 250 mL of 0.5M solution of copper sulphate for
50 minutes. Calculate the strength of Cu2+ after electrolysis assuming volume to be constant
and the current efficiency is 100%.
14. Can Fe3+ oxidises bromide to bromine under standard conditions?
Given: EoFe3+ /Fe2+ = 0.771 Eo Br2 /Br - = 1.09 V
15. Is it possible to store copper sulphate in an iron vessel for a long time? (PTA-4)
16. Two metals M1 and M2 have reduction potential values of -xV and +yV respectively.Which will liberate
H2and H2SO4.
25
17. Reduction potential of two metals M1and M2are = - 2.3 V and = 0.2 V Predict which
one is better for coating the surface of iron. Given : = -0.44 V (PTA-3)
18. Calculate the standard emf of the cell:Cd /Cd2+ || Cu2+ / Cu (s),and determine the cell reaction. The
standard reduction potentials of Cu2+ / Cu and Cd2+/ Cd are 0.34V and -0.40 volts respectively. Predict the
feasibility of the cell reaction.
19. In fuel cell H2 and O2 react to produce electricity. In the process, H2 gas is oxidised at the anode and O2
at cathode. If 44.8 litre of H2 at 25oC and 1atm pressure reacts in 10 minutes, what is average current
produced? If the entire current is used for electro deposition of Cu from Cu2+ , how many grams of Cu
deposited?
20. The same amount of electricity was passed through two separate electrolytic cells containing
solutions of nickel nitrate and chromium nitrate respectively. If 2.935 g of Ni was deposited in the first
cell. The amount of Cr deposited in the another cell? Give : molar mass of Nickel and chromium are 58.74
and 52 gm-1 respectively.
21. A copper electrode is dipped in 0.1M copper sulphate solution at 25oC.Calculate the
electrodepotential of copper. [Given: Eo Cu2+ / Cu = 0..34 V ]
22. For the cell Mg (s) /Mg2+(aq) || Ag+ (aq)/ Ag (s), calculate the equilibrium constant at 25oC and
maximum work that can be obtained during operation of cell. Given :
Eo Mg2+ /Mg = - 2.37 V and Eo Ag2+ /Ag = 0.80V
23. 8. 2 x1012 litres of water is available in a lake. A power reactor using the electrolysis of water in the
lake produces electricity at the rate of 2 ×106 Cs-1 at an appropriate voltage. How many years would it like
to completely electrolyse the water in the lake. Assume that there is no loss of water except due to
electrolysis.
24. Derive an expression for Nernst equation
27. Ionic conductance at infinite dilution of Al3+ and SO4 2- are 189 and 160 mho cm2 equiv-1. Calculate the
equivalent and molar conductance of the electrolyte Al2(SO4)3 at infinite dilution
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:
Answer the following questions briefly: ( 2 Marks)
1. State ohm’s law
2. What is specific conductance? Mention its unit
3. Define Molar conductance. Give its unit (PTA-4)
4. Define equivalent conductance
5. How the equivalent and specific conductance related? ( PTA-4)
6. Define electrolysis.
7. What are electrochemical series?
8. What is the use of Platinum foil in the hydrogen electrode & Why is it necessary to
use salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
9. What is meant by limiting molar conductivity?
10. Define electrochemical equivalent (PTA-4)
11. What is the role of salt bridge in galvanic cell? (PTA-4)
12. Calculate ∧0 CH3COOH using appropriate molar conductance of the electrolytes listed below at infinite
dilution at 250 C (PTA-4)
26
13. The equivalent conductance of M/36 solution of a weak monobasic acid is 6 mho cm2equiv-1. Calculate
the dissociation constant of this acid. (PTA - 5)
1. Write the cell reaction of Galvanic cell
2. Define electrode potential and standard electrode potential
3. Derive the relationship between Gibb’s free energy change and the cell potential
4. Give the applications of Kohlrausch’s law ?
1. How is the conductivity of an electrolytic solution is determined by using a Wheatstone bridge
arrangement?
10. SURFACE CHEMISTRY
1. For Freundlich isotherm a graph of log is plotted against log p. The slope of the line and its y – axis
intercept respectively corresponds to
a) , k b) log , k c) , log k d) log , log k
2. Which of the following is incorrect for physisorption?
a) reversible b) increases with increase in temperature
c) low heat of adsorption d) increases with increase in surface area
3. Which one of the following characteristics are associated with adsorption? (NEET)
a) ΔG and ΔHare negative but ΔS is positive b) ΔGand ΔS are negative but ΔH is positive
c) ΔG is negative but ΔH and ΔS are positive d)ΔG, ΔH and ΔS all are negative.
4. Fog is colloidal solution of
a) solid in gas b) gas in gas c) liquid in gas d) gas in liquid
5. Assertion : Coagulation power of Al is more than Na .
3+ +
Reason : greater the valency of the flocculating ion added, greater is its power to cause precipitation
a) if both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b) if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c) assertion is true but reason is false d) both assertion and reason are false.
6. Statement : To stop bleeding from an injury, ferric chloride can be applied. Which comment about
the statement is justified?
a) It is not true, ferric chloride is a poison.
b) It is true, Fe3+ ions coagulate blood which is a negatively charged sol
c) It is not true; ferric chloride is ionic and gets into the blood stream.
d) It is true, coagulation takes place because of formation of negatively charged sol with Cl-.
7. Hair cream is
a) gel b) emulsion c) solid sol d) sol.
8. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
a Emulsion - Smoke
b Gel - butter
c foam - Mist
d whipped cream - sol
27
9. The most effective electrolyte for the coagulation of As2S3 Sol is
a) NaCl b) Ba(NO3)2 c) K3 [Fe(CN)6 ] d) Al2(SO4)3
10. Which one of the is not a surfactant?
a) CH3 ⎼(CH2)15 ⎼ N ⎼ (CH3)2 ⎼ CH2Br b) CH3 ⎼ (CH2)15 ⎼NH2
c) CH3⎼ ( CH2 )16⎼CH2 OSO2 Na - + d) OHC ⎼ (CH2)14 ⎼CH2 ⎼COO- Na+
11. The phenomenon observed when a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution is
a) Cataphoresis b) Electrophoresis c) Coagulation d) Tyndall effect
12. In an electrical field, the particles of a colloidal system move towards cathode. The coagulation of the
same sol is studied using K2SO4 (i), Na3PO4 (ii),K4 [Fe(CN)6 ] (iii) and NaCl (iv) Their coagulating power
should be
a) II > I>IV > III b) III > II > I > IV c) I > II > III > IV d) none of these
13. Collodion is a 4% solution of which one of the following compounds in alcohol – ether mixture?
a) Nitroglycerine b) Cellulose acetate c) Glycoldinitrate d) Nitrocellulose
14. Which one of the following is an example for homogeneous catalysis?
a) manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process b) manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process
c) hydrogenation of oil d) Hydrolysis of sucrose in presence of dil HCl
15. Match the following
a V2O5 i High density polyethylene
b Ziegler – Natta ii PAN
c Peroxide iii NH3
d Finely divided Fe iv H2 SO4
A B C D
a) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
b) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
c) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
d) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
16. The coagulation values in millimoles per litre of the electrolytes used for the coagulation of As2S3 are
given below
(I) (NaCl)=52 (II) ((BaCl2 )=0.69 (III) (MgSO4 )=0.22
The correct order of their coagulating power is
a) III > II > I b) I > II > III c) I > III > II d) II > III>I
17. Adsorption of a gas on solid metal surface is spontaneous and exothermic, then
a) ΔH increases b) ΔS increases c) ΔG increases d) ΔS decreases
18. If x is the amount of adsorbate and m is the amount of adsorbent, which of the following
relations is not related to adsorption process?
a) =f(P) at constant T b) =f(T) at constant P c) P = f(T) at constant d) = PT
19. On which of the following properties does the coagulating power of an ion depend ? (NEET – 2018)
a) Both magnitude and sign of the charge on the ion. b) Size of the ion alone
c) the magnitude of the charge on the ion alone d) the sign of charge on the ion alone.
20. Match the following
28
a Pure nitrogen i Chlorine
b Haber process ii Sulphuric acid
c Contact process iii Ammonia
d Deacons Process iv sodium azide
(or) Barium azide
Which of the following is the correct option?

A B C D
a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
b) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
c) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
d) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Short Answers(Book Back )

1. Give two importance characteristics of physisorption.
2. Differentiate physisorption and chemisorption. (PTA-4) (March-2020)
3. In case of chemisorption, why adsorption first increases and then decreases with temperature?
4. Which will be adsorbed more readily on the surface of charcoal and why NH3 or CO2
5. Heat of adsorption is greater for chemisorption than physisorption. Why?
6. Peptising agent is added to convert precipitate into colloidal solution. Explain with an example. (PTA-1)
7. What happens when a colloidal sol of Fe(OH)3 and AS2O3 are mixed?
8. What is the difference between a sol and a gel?
9. Why are lyophillic colloidal sols are more stable than lyophobhic colloidal sol.
11. What are the factors which influence the adsorption of a gas on a solid?
13. What do you mean by activity and selectivity of catalyst?
16. Why does bleeding stop by rubbing moist alum
17. Why is desorption important for a substance to act as good catalyst?
18. Comment on the statement: Colloid is not a substance but it is a state of substance.
19. Explain any one method for coagulation
20. Write a note on electro osmosis
21. Write a note on catalytic poison
22. Explain intermediate compound formation theory of catalysis with an example
23. What is the difference between homogenous and hetrogenous catalysis?
24. Describe adsorption theory of catalysis.
Book inside Short answers
1. What is the role of adsorption in the heterogeneous catalysis?(PTA-1)
2. What happens when hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a solution of arsenic oxide? Name the
chemical method. (PTA-5)
3. Give the limitations of Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
4. Define Auto catalysis with example
5.Define negative catalysis with example
6. Give the Limitations of intermediate compound formation theory
7. Define active centres
29
8.Explain how colloids are purified by Dialysis
9.Factors on which Colour of the sol depends
10. Give the shapes of following colloidal particles (i) As2S3 (ii) Fe(OH)3 sol (or) Blue gold sol (iii) W3O5
sol (or) Tungstic acid sol
11. Give the examples of of charges of sols detected by electrophoresis.
12. What is tyndall effect? (Sep-2020)
13. What is Brownian movement ?
14. How Brownian movement responsible for stability of colloids? (PTA-3)
15. What is Helmholtz Double layer ? (PTA- 4)
16. What are the various methods involved in coagulation ?
17. What is flocculation value?
18. Define Gold number
19. How natural honey is distinguished from artificial honey ?
20. A gas in gas is not a colloidal solution. Why?
21. Mention the dispersion medium of the colloids. (i) Hydrosols or aquasols (ii) alcohols
(iii) Benzosol
22. Write the dispersed phase and dispersion medium of butter.
1. Write the differences between lyophobic and lyophillic sol
2. What are Characteristics of adsorption
3. What are Homogeneous catalysis and Heterogeneous catalysis explain with an one example
4 .Define promoters with example (PTA-5)
ADDITIONAL 5 MARKS
1. Write a note on freundlich isotherm.
2.Explain the characteristics of catalysts. (Sep-2020)
3. Write briefly about the preparation of colloids by dispersion methods. (PTAn-6)
4. Write briefly about the preparation of colloids by condensation methods.
5. Write a note on Helmholtz double layer.
6. Write a note on electrophoresis.
UNIT -11 HYDROXY COMPOUNDS AND ETHERS
1. An alcohol (x) gives blue colour in Victormeyer’s test and 3.7g of X when treated with metallic sodium
liberates 560 mL of hydrogen at 273 K and 1 atm pressure what will be the possible structure of X?
a) CH3 CH (OH) CH2CH3 b) CH3 – CH (OH) – CH3
b) CH3 C (OH) (CH3)2 d) CH3- CH2 –CH (OH) – CH2 – CH3
2. Which of the following compounds on reaction with methyl magnesium bromide will give tertiary
alcohol.
a) benzaldehyde b) propanoic acid c) methyl propanoate d) acetaldehyde
30
4. In the reaction sequence, Ethene → A→ ethan -1, 2 - diol . A and X respectively are
a) Chloroethane and NaOH b) ethanol and H2SO4
c) 2 – chloroethan -1-ol and NaHCO3 d) ethanol andH2O
5. Which one of the following is the strongest acid
a) 2 - nitrophenol b) 4 – chlorophenol c) 4 – nitrophenol d) 3 – nitrophenol
7. Carbolic acid is
a) Phenol b) Picric acid d) benzoic acid d) phenylacetic acid
8. Which one of the following will react with phenol to give salicyladehyde after hydrolysis.
a) Dichloro methane b) trichloroethane c) trichloro methane d) CO2
31
11. Assertion : Phenol is more acidic than ethanol
Reason: Phenoxide ion is resonance stabilized
a) both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b) both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c) assertion is true but reason is false
d) both assertion and reason are false.
12. In the reaction Ethanol → X → Y → Z. The ‘Z’ is
a) ethane b) ethoxyethane c) ethylbisulphite d) ethanol
13. The reaction
Can be classified as
a) dehydration b) Williamson alcoholsynthesis
c) Williamson ether synthesis d) dehydrogenation of alcohol
14. Isopropylbenzene on air oxidation in the presence of dilute acid gives
a) C6H5COOH b) C6H5COCH3 c) C6H5COC6H5 d) C6H5 - OH
15. Assertion : Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction
Reason : In the case of phenol, the intermediate arenium ion is more stabilized by resonance.
16. HO -CH2- CH2 – OH on heating with periodic acid gives
a) methanoic acid b) Glyoxal c) methanal d) CO2
17. Which of the following compound can be used as artifreeze in automobile radiators?
a) methanol b) ethanol c) Neopentyl alcohol d) ethan -1, 2-diol
18. The reactions
a) Wurtz reaction b) cyclic reaction c) Williamson reaction d) Kolbe reactions

19. One mole of an organic compound (A) with the formula C3H8O reacts completely with two moles of HI
to form X and Y. When Y is boiled with aqueous alkali it forms Z. Z answers the iodoform test. The
compound (A) is
a) propan – 2-ol b) propan -1-ol c) ethoxy ethane d) methoxy ehane
20. Among the following ethers which one will produce methyl alcohol on treatment with hot
HI?
32
21. Williamson synthesis of preparing dimethyl ether is a / an /
a) SN1 reactions b) SN2 reaction c) electrophilic addition d) electrophilic substitution
22. On reacting with neutral ferric chloride, phenol gives
a) red colour b) violet colour c) dark green colour d) no colouration.
Short Answer Questions
1. Identify the product (s) is / are formed when 1 – methoxy propane is heated with excess
HI. Name the mechanism involved in the reaction
2. Draw the major product formed when 1-ethoxyprop-1-ene is heated with one equivalent of HI (PTA-6)
3. Suggest a suitable reagent to prepare secondary alcohol with identical group using Grignard
Reagent.(March-2020)
4. What is the major product obtained when two moles of ethyl magnesium bromide is treated with
methyl benzoate followed by acid hydrolysis.
5. Predict the major product, when 2-methyl but -2-ene is converted into an alcohol in each of the
following methods. (i) Acid catalysed hydration (ii) Hydroboration
(iii) Hydroxylation using bayers reagent
7. Can we use nucelophiles such as NH3, CH3 O- for the Nucleophilic substitution of alcohols?
8. Is it possible to oxidise t – butyl alcohol using acidified dichromate to form a carbonyl compound.(PTA-1)
9. What happens when 1-penyl ethanol is treated with acidified KMnO4? (PTA-6)
11. How is phenol prepared form i) chloro benzene ii) isopropyl benzene
12. Explain Kolbe’s reaction
13. Writes the chemical equation for Williamson synthesis of 2-ethoxy – 2- methyl pentane starting from
ethanol and 2 – methyl pentan -2-ol
(i) From ethanol (ii) From 2 – methyl pentan -2-ol
14. Write the structure of the aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester that yield 4- methyl pent -2-en-1-ol. i)
Aldehyde ii) Carboxylic acid iii) Ester
15. What is metamerism? Give the structure and IUPAC name of metamers of 2-methyoxy propane
16. How are the following conversions effected?
i) benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol ii) benzyalalcohol to benzoic acid
PBr3 aq.NaOH Na
i) CH3-CH2-OH A B C
iii ) Anisole → A → B → C (PTA-2)
33
18. 0.44g of a monohydric alcohol when added to methyl magnesium iodide in ether liberates at STP 112
cm3 of methane with PCC the same alcohol form a carbonyl compound that answers silver mirror test.
Identify the compound.
CH3
Conc.H2SO4
ii) C6H5- CH2- CH - C -CH3
OH H
20. Phenol is distilled with Zn dust followed by friedel – crafts alkylation with propyl chloride
to give a compound B, B on oxidation gives (c) Identify A,B and C.
21.
22. What will be the product for the following reaction?
Identify X and A
23. How will you convert acetylene into n-butyl alcohol?
24. Predict the product A, B , X and Y in the following sequence of reaction
SOCl2 Mg
A B
butan-2-ol ether
Cu / 573 K X
X Y
25. 3,3 – dimethyl butan -2-ol on treatment with conc. H2 SO4 to give tetra methyl ethylene as
a major product. Suggest a suitable mechanism.
1. How will convert crotonaldehyde into crotylalcohol
34
2.How will you prepare ethylene glycol (or) what happens when ethylene reacts with Baeyer’s reagent
3.What is Saytzeff’s rule ?
4.How convert propan-1-ol to propanal
5.How does alcohol produced during fermentation of food consumed by animal get detoxify.
6.How does ethylene glycol react with HI or P/ I2 or how will you get ethene from ethylene glycol?
7. How will you prepare 1,2 – epoxyethane (oxirane )from ethylene glycol?
8. How will you prepare ethanal (acetaldehyde ) from ethylene glycol? (or) What is the action of
anhydrous ZnCl2 with ethylene glycol?
9. How will you prepare 1 , 4- dioxane from ethylene glycol?
10.How will you prepare acrolein from glycerol ? (or) How will you clycerol to acrolein? (or) What
happens when glycerol react with KHSO4? (PTA-3)
11.Give uses of (a) Methanol (b) Ethanol (c) Ethylene glycol (d) Glycerol
12.Write a note on Schotten-Baumann reaction : (PTA-2)
13.Write a short note on Riemer Tiemann Reaction (PTA-3)
14.Write a note on coupling reaction of phenol or dye test of phenol
15. Write about Test to differentiate alcohol and phenols (PTA-5)
16.Give uses of Phenol
17.Why tertiary alkyl halide and primary alkoxide cannot be used to prepare ether?
18. Intermolecular dehydration of alcohol is suitable for preparing simple ether and not mixed ethers
Why?
19. What is auto-oxidation of ether?
20.Give uses of (a) Diethyl ether (b) Anisole (PTA-4)
21. Write the IUPAC name of the following compounds (PTA-5)
(i) C6H5-O-CH2-CH(CH3)2 (ii) CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH
(iii) Neopentyl alcohol (iv) Gylcerol
22. Alcohol cannot be used as a solvent for Grignard reagent ? why?
23. Lower member alcohols are mobile liquids but higher members are oils or waxy solids why?
24. What is the action of lucas reagent with 2-propanol?
25. What is the action of lucas reagent with 2-methyl propan-2-ol?
26. Phenol is insoluble in NaHCO3 solution but acetic acid is soluble . Give reason.
27. What is glycerose? How is it prepared from glycerol? (or) An organic compound (A) – C3H8O3 used as
a sweetening agent , which on oxidation with fenton’s regent gives a mixture of compounds B and C .
Identify A , B and C. write possible reactions.
28. What happens when periodic acid treated with ethylene glycol? (PTA-2)
1.Explain Swern oxidation (PTA-2)
2.How will you prepare glycerol or saponification reaction
3. How do you convert anisole into (i) methoxy toluene (ii) methoxy acetophenone
4.Write a note on Phthalein reaction or how will you prepare phenolphthalein from phenol?
5.Write a note on Williamson ether synthesis:
6. convert phenol into (i) 1,4-benzoquinone (ii) cyclohexanol
35
8 .Write about Structure of the functional group of ether.(or) Why is C-O-C bond angle in ether slightly
than the tetrahedral bond angle?(March-2020)
ADDITIONAL 5 MARKS
1. How will you differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by Lucas test
2.How will you differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by Victor’s meyer test (sep-2020)
3.Explain about acidity of 1o, 2o and 3o alcohols
4.Why phenol is more acidic than other alcohols?
5.Starting from phenol how will you prepare the following
(i)Aniline (ii)Benzoquinone (iii)Cyclohexanol
6.Explain the following reaction of phenol (or) how will you prepare the following compounds from
phenol (or) electrophilic aromatic substitutions of phenol
i) Nitrosation ii) Nitration (iii) Picric acid***** iv) Sulphonation
v) Halogenation
7.Write about preparation of ether
1. Inter molecular dehydration of alcohol. 2.Williamsons synthesis
3. Methylation of alcohol
UNIT 12 - Carbonyl Compounds
1. The correct structure of the product ‘A’ formed in the reaction (NEET)
2. The formation of cyanohydrin from acetone is an example of

a) nucleophilic substitution b) electrophilic substitution
c) electrophilic addition d) Nucleophilic addition
3. Reaction of acetone with one of the following reagents involves nucleophilic addition followed by
elimination of water. The reagent is
36
a) Grignard reagent b) Sn / HCl
c) hydrazine in presence of slightly acidic solution d) hydrocyanic acid
4. In the following reaction,
a) Tollen’s test b) Victor meyer test c) Iodoform test d) Fehling solution test
a) Formaldelyde b) di acetone ammonia c) hexamethylene tetraamine d) oxime

6. Predict the product Z in the following series of reactions
7. Assertion: 2,2 – dimethyl propanoic acid does not give HVZ reaction.
Reason: 2 – 2, dimethyl propanoic acid does not have α- hydrogen atom
8. Which of the following represents the correct order of acidity in the given compounds
a)FCH2 COOH > CH3 COOH > BrCH2 COOH > ClCH2 COOH
b)FCH2 COOH > ClCH2 COOH > BrCH2 COOH > CH3 COOH
c) CH3 COOH > ClCH2 COOH > FCH2 COOH > Br-CH2 COOH
d) Cl CH2COOH > CH3COOH > BrCH2COOH > ICH2COOH
9. Benzoic acid → A → B→ C . ‘C’ is
a) anilinium chloride b) O – nitro aniline
c) benzene diazonium chloride d) m – nitro benzoic acid
10. Ethanoic acid → 2 – bromoethanoic acid. This reaction is called
a) Finkelstein reaction b) Haloform reaction
c) Hell – Volhard – Zelinsky reaction d) none of these
11. CH3Br → (A) → (B) → (C) product (C) is
a) acetylchloride b) chloro acetic acid
c) α- chlorocyano ethanoic acid d) none of these
12. Which one of the following reduces tollens reagent
a) formic acid b) acetic acid c) benzophenone d) none of these
37
a) but – 3- enoicacid b) but – 1- ene-4-oicacid c) but – 2- ene-1-oic acid d) but -3-ene-1-oicacid
16. In which case chiral carbon is not generated by reaction with HCN
17. Assertion : p – N, N – dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde undergoes benzoin condensation

Reason : The aldehydic (-CHO) group is meta directing
18. Which one of the following reaction is an example of disproportionation reaction
a) Aldol condensation b) cannizaro reaction c) Benzoin condensation d) none of these
19. Which one of the following undergoes reaction with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to give the
corresponding alcohol and acid
a) Phenylmethanal b) ethanol c) ethanol d) methanol
20. The reagent used to distinguish between acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde is
a) Tollens reagent b) Fehling’s solution c) 2,4 – dinitrophenyl hydrazine d) semicarbazide
21. Phenyl methanal is reacted with concentrated NaOH to give two products X and Y. X reacts with
metallic sodium to liberate hydrogen X and Y are
a) sodiumbenzoate and phenol b) Sodium benzoate and phenyl methanol
c) phenyl methanol and sodium benzoate d) none of these
22. In which of the following reactions new carbon – carbon bond is not formed?
a) Aldol condensation b) Friedel craft reaction c) Kolbe’s reaction d) Wolf kishner reduction
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23. An alkene “A” on reaction with O3 and Zn – H2O gives propanone and ethanol in equimolar
ratio. Addition of HCl to alkene “A” gives “B” as the major product. The structure of product “B” is
24. Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than aldehydes, ketones and even alcohols of comparable
molecular mass. It is due to their (NEET)
a) more extensive association of carboxylic acid via van der Waals force of attraction
b) formation of carboxylate ion
c) formation of intramolecular H-bonding
d) formation of intermolecular H – bonding
Short Answer Questions
1. How is propanoic acid is prepared starting from
(a) an alcohol (b) an alkylhalide (c) an alkene
2. A Compound (A) with molecular formula C2 H3 N on acid hydrolysis gives(B) which reacts with
thionylchloride to give compound(C). Benzene reacts with compound (C) in presence of anhydrous AlCl3
to give compound(D). Compound (D) on reduction with Na –Hg and Conc.HCl gives (E). Identify (A), (B),
(C) ,( D) and (E). Write the equations.
3. Identify X and Y.
4. Identify A, B and C
5. Identify A, B, C and D
SOCl2 Pd / BaSO4 NaOH C D
Ethanoic acid A B
6. An alkene (A) on ozonolysis gives propanone and aldehyde (B). When (B) is oxidised (C)
is obtained. (C) is treated with Br2/P gives (D) which on hydrolysis gives (E). When propanone
is treated with HCN followed by hydrolysis gives (E). Identify A, B, C, D and E.
7. How will you convert benzaldehyde into the following compounds?
(i) benzophenone (ii) benzoic acid (iii) α -hydroxyphenylaceticacid.
8. What is the action of HCN on (i) propanone (ii) 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde. (Iii) Ethanal
(iv) methanal
9. A carbonyl compound A having molecular formula C5H10O forms crystalline precipitate with sodium
bisulphate and gives positive iodoform test. A does not reduce Fehling solution. Identify A.(PTA-1)
10. Write the structure of the major product of the aldol condensation of benzaldehyde with acetone.
39
11. How are the following conversions effected
(a) propanal into butanone (b) Hex-3-yne into hexan-3-one. (c) phenylmethanal into benzoic acid
(d) phenylmethanal into benzoin
12. Complete the following reaction.
HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3- CH2 -CH2- C - CH3 ?
H+
O
13. Identify A, B and C
14. Oxidation of ketones involves carbon – carbon bond cleavage. Name the product(s) is / are formed on
oxidizing 2,5-dimethyl hexan-3-one using strong oxidizing agent.
15. How will you prepare
(iv) Lactic acid from Ethanal (v)Acetophenone from acetychloride:
(vi) Ethane from sodium acetate (vii) Bezoic acid from toluene (PTA-2)
(viii) Malachite green from benzaldehyde (ix) perkin’s reaction
(x) Hydration of acetylene yields acetaldehyde:
ADDITIONAL 2 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. What is Rosenmund reduction? What is the purpose of adding BaSO4in it?
2. Write about stephen’s reaction
3. How will concert hex-4-ennitrile into hex-4-enal ?
4. Write a note on Etard reaction (PTA-4) (or) How will you obtain benzalhyde from toluene?
5. Write about Gattermann-Koch reaction
6. Explain the popoff’s rule. (or) The oxidation of unsymmetrical ketone is governed by which rule?
State the rule with suitable examples.
7. Write cannizaro reaction.
8. Write crossed cannizaro reaction.
9. Write a note on benzoin condensation.
10.Write about perkin’s reaction?
11. What is Knoevenagal reaction? (PTA-3)
12. How will prepare schiff’s base ?
13. Write a note on Kolbe’s electrolytic decarboxylation.
14. Write notes on Hell-Volinsky reaction ( HVZ reaction ).
15. Mention the tests for carboxylic acids (PTA-2) (Sep-2020)
16. How are the following conversions effected? (PTA -3)
40
(i) Hex-3-yne → Hexan – 3- one
(ii) Benzaldehyde → 2-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid
17. What will be the product ( X and A ) for the following reaction ? (PTA-4)
Acetyl chloride → X → A
27. How is the following conversion aeffected? (PTA-5)
Hex-4-enitrile → Hex- 4-enal
28. How are the following conversions effected? (PTA-5)
(i) Benzene → acetophenone
(ii) Benzaldehyde → Hydrobenzamide.
32. What happens when ammonia is treated with Benzaldehyde?
33.What happens when benzaldehyde is treated with chlorine in the presence of FeCl3?
34.Why boiling point of carbony compounds is higher than hydrocarbon and lower than alcohol?
35. Why lower member of carbonyl compounds are miscible with water?
36. Why aldehyde and ketone have high dipole moment?
37. What happens when Benedict’s solution added to aldehyde? (PTA-3)
38. Why boiling point of carboxylic acids is higher?
39. Why formic acid is more acidic than acetic acid?
40. Why fluoroacetic acid is more acidic than other halo substituted acid?
21. Why trichloroacetic acid is more acidic than di, mono chloro acetic acid and acetic acid?
22. Give the IUPAC names for the following:
(i) Crotonaldehyde (ii) Methyl n-propyl ketone (iii) Phenyl acetaldehyde
23. Does formaldehyde undergo aldol condensation ? Justify your answer.
24. How will you prepare pinacol from acetone?
25. How will you prepare Benzoin from Benzaldehyde?
ADDITIONAL 3 MARKS
1. Convert acetaldehyde into (i) lactic acid (ii) 1-amino-2-hydroxy propane
(i) lactic acid
(ii) 1-amino-2-hydroxy propane
2. What is Urotropine ? How is prepared ? mention the uses. (sep-2020)
3. Write note on i) clemmenson reduction ii) Wolff – Kishner reduction
4. Explain crossed aldol condensation
5.Write about claisen – Schmidt condensation
6. How will prepare Malachite green dye? (PTA-1)
ADDITION 5 MARKS
1. Explain the reduction nature of formic acid.
2. Write about the effect of substituents on the acidic nature of carboxylic acids.
Effect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acid.
i) Electron releasing alkyl group decreases the acidity
ii) Electron withdrawing substituents increases the acidity
3. How can you identify aldehydes
4. Explain the addition of ammonia derivatives to carbonyl compounds
(i) Reaction with hydroxyl amine
41
(ii) Reaction with hydrazine
(iii) Reaction with phenyl hydrazine:
5. Explain the mechanism of aldol condensation
6. Explain the mechanism of cannizaro reaction.
13. ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
1. Which of the following reagent can be used to convert nitrobenzene to aniline
a) Sn / HCl b) ZnHg / NaOH c) Zn/NH4Cl d) All of these
2. The method by which aniline cannot be prepared is
a) degradation of benzamide with Br2 / NaOH
b) potassium salt of phthalimide treated with chlorobenzene followed by hydrolysis with aqueous NaOH
solution.
c) reduction of nitrobenzene with LiAlH4
d) reduction of nitrobenzene by Sn / HCl .
3. Which one of the following will not undergo Hofmann bromamide reaction
a) CH3 CONHCH3 b) CH3 CH2 CONH2 c) CH3 CONH2 d) C6 H5 CONH2
4. Assertion : Acetamide on reaction with KOH and bromine gives acetic acid
Reason : Bromine catalyses hydrolysis of acetamide.
c) assertion is true but reason is false
d) both assertion and reason are false.
a) bromomethane b)α- bromo sodium acetate c) methanamine d) acetamide

6. Which one of the following nitro compounds does not react with nitrous acid
7. Aniline + benzoylchloride → C6 H5 - NH – COC6 H5 this reaction is known as

a) Friedel – crafts reaction b) HVZ reaction c) Schotten – Baumann reaction d) none of these
8. The product formed by the reaction an aldehyde with a primary amine (NEET)
a) carboxylic acid b) aromatic acid c) schiff ’s base d) ketone
9. Which of the following reaction is not correct.
10. When aniline reacts with acetic anhydride the product formed is
42
a) o – aminoacetophenone b) m-aminoacetophenone
c) p – aminoacetophenone d) acetanilide
11. The order of basic strength for methyl substituted amines in aqueous solution is
a) N(CH3)3 > N(CH3 )2 H > N(CH3 )H2 > NH3
b) N(CH3 )H2 > N(CH3 )2 H > N(CH3 )3 >NH3
c) NH3 > N(CH3 )H2 > N(CH3 )2H > N(CH )3
d) N(CH3 )2 H > N(CH3 )2H > N(CH3)3 > NH3
14. Nitrobenzene on reaction with Con HNO3 / H2SO4 at 80-100oC forms which one of the following
products?
a) 1,4 – dinitrobenzene b) 2,4,6 – tirnitrobenzene
c) 1,2 – dinitrobenzene d) 1,3 – dinitrobenzene
15. C5 H13 N reacts with HNO2 to give an optically active compound – The compound is
a) pentan – 1- amine b) pentan – 2- amine
c) N,N – dimethylpropan -2-amine d) diethyl methyl amine
16. Secondary nitro alkanes react with nitrous acid to form
a) red solution b) blue solution c) green solution d) yellow solution
17. Which of the following amines does not undergo acetylation?
a) t – butylamine b) ethylamine c) diethylamine d) triethylamine
18. Which one of the following is most basic?
a) 2,4 – dichloroaniline b) 2,4 – dimethyl aniline c) 2,4 – dinitroaniline
d) 2,4 – dibromoaniline
19. When is reduced with Sn / HCl the pair of compounds formed are
a) Ethanol, hydroxylamine hydrochloride b) Ethanol, ammonium hydroxide
c) Ethanol, .NH2OH d) C3 H5 NH2 , H2 O
43
a) 3 – Bimethylamino – 3 – methyl pentane b) 3 (N,N – Triethyl) – 3- amino pentane
c) 3 – N,N – trimethyl pentanamine d) N,N – dimethyl – 3- methyl - pentan - 3 amine
22. Ammonium salt of benzoic acid is heated strongly with P2O5 and the product so formed is reduced
and then treated with NaNO2 / HCl at low temperature. The final compound formed is
a) Benzene diazonium chloride b) Benzyl alcohol c) Phenol d) Nitrosobenzene
23. Identify X in the sequence given below.
24. Among the following, the reaction that proceeds through an electrophilic substitution, is :
25. The major product of the following reaction
Short answer Questions

1. Write down the possible isomers of the C4 H9 NO2 give their IUPAC names
2. There are two isomers with the formula CH3NO2 . How will you distinguish between them? (PTA)
3. What happens when (Creative)
i) 2 – Nitropropane boiled with HCl
ii) Nitrobenzene undergo electrolytic-reduction in strongly acidic medium
iii) Oxidation of tert – butylamine with KMnO4
iv) Oxidation of acetoneoxime with triffluoroperoxy acetic acid. (PTA-4)
4. How will you convert nitrobenzene into
i. 1,3,5 - trinitrobenzene ii. o and p- nitrophenol
44
iii. m – nitro aniline
iv. azoxybenzene
v. hydrazobenzene
vi. N – phenylhydroxylamine
vii. aniline
5. Identify compounds A,B and C in the following sequence of reactions.
6. Write short notes on the following

i. Hofmann’s bromide reaction
ii. Ammonolysis
iii. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis (Sep-2020)
iv. Schotten – Baumann reaction
v. Carbylamine reaction (March-2020)
vi. Mustard oil reaction
7. How will you distinguish between primary secondary and tertiary alphatic amines?
8. Account for the following
i. Aniline does not undergo Friedel – Crafts reaction (PTA-3) (Sep-2020)
iii. pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine
iv. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.
v. Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not (PTA-3)
vi. Amines are more basic than amides (PTA-3)
vii. Although amino group is o – and p – directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline
on nitration gives a substantial amount of m – nitroaniline.
9. Arrange the following
i. In increasing order of solubility in water, C6H5NH2 , (C2H5)2NH , C2H5NH2
ii. a) In increasing order of basic strength aniline, p- toludine and p – nitroaniline
b) In increasing order of basic strength C6H5NH2 , C6H5NHCH3 , p-Cl-C6H4NH2 , C2H5NH2
iii) In decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase C2H5NH2 , (C2H5)2NH , (C2H5)3N
and NH3
iv) In increasing order of boiling point C6H5OH, (CH3)2NH, C2H5NH2 ,
v) In decreasing order of the pKb values C2H5NH2 , C6H5NHCH3 , (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
vi) Increasing order of basic strength C6H5NH2 , C6H5N(CH3)2 , (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
vii ) In decreasing order of basic strength
10. How will you prepare propan – 1- amine from
45
i) butane nitrile ii) propanamide iii) 1- nitropropane
11. Identify A, B, C and D
12. How will you convert diethylamine into

i) N, N – diethylacetamide ii) N – nitrosodiethylamine
13. Identify A, B, C (PTA-4) (sep-2020)
HO OH
SOCl2 NH3 LiAlH4
(A) (B) (C)
O O
14. Indentify A,B,C and D
Aniline + benzaldehyde A → C + D
15.Complete the following reaction
CH2-NH2
Trace H+ ?
O+
16. Predict A,B,C and D for the following reaction
17. A dibromo derivative (A) on treatment with KCN followed by acid hydrolysis and heating gives a
monobasic acid (B) along with liberation of CO2 . (B) on heating with liquid ammonia followed by
treating with Br /KOH gives (c) which on treating with NaNO2 and HCl at low temperature followed by
oxidation gives a monobasic acid (D) having molecular mass 74. Identify A to D.
18. Identify A to E in the following frequency of reactions.
Answer the following questions briefly: ( 2 or 3 Marks)
1.Write about the reduction of nitro methane in acid medium and neutral medium.
2. What happens when ethyl nitrite undergoes hydrolysis with acid or base?
3. How will prepare Chloropicrin ? What is its use? (March -2020)
4. Convert m- dinitrobenzene into m-nitroaniline
46
5. Nitrobenzene does not undergo Friedel crafts reaction . Why?
6.How will you prepare ethanol from ethylnitrite
7.Why aniline cannot be prepared by Gabriel Pthalimide synthesis
8. What is Sabatier – Mailhe method ?
9. Why Amines have lower boiling point than alcohols?
10.How will you prepare
i) Ethyl acetamide from ethylamine
ii) S – diphenyl thiourea & Phenyl isothiocyanate from anilne
iii)Tribromo aniline from aniline
iv) p – bromo aniline from aniline
v) p – nitroaniline from aniline
vi) sulphanilic acid from aniline
11.What is Libermann’s nitroso test,
12. Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?
13. An organic compound (A) on reduction gives compound (B).(B) on treatment with CHCl3 alcoholic
KOH gives ( C ) . ( C ) on catalytic reduction gives N-methyl aniline. Identify A, B, C and write its equation.
(PTA-2)
14. Compound A is yellow coloured liquid and it is called oil of mirbane. A on reduction with tin and HCl
gives B. B answers carbylamines test. Identify A and B.
15. An aromatic simplest nitro compound A on reduction using Sn and HCl givel (B) . (B) undergoes
carbylamines reaction. Identify A and B . Give any one use of compound A
16. What are the uses of aliphatic nitro alkanes. (PTA-6)
17. Why do primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines?
18. What is Mitomycin C ? Write down its structure and explain its uses
Naming reaction
1. Hoffmann’s ammonolysis
2.Hoffmann’s degradation reaction
3. Sabatier – Mailhe method
4. Nef carbonyl synthesis
5. Schotten – Baumann reaction
6. Carbylamine reaction
7. Mustard oil reaction
8. How will you prepare phenyl mustard oil?
Long answers
1.How will you prepare nitroalkane from i) alkyl halides ii) Vapour phase nitration of
alkanes: (Industrial method) iii)a- halocarboxylic acid
2.How will you prepare methyl amine and N – methyl hydroxylamine amine from Nitromethane
3. Write about Hydrolysis of nitroalkanes
4.Explain about reduction of nitrobenzene in different medium
5.Uses of organic nitrogen compounds(i) Nitroalkanes (ii) Nitrobenzene
6. Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
47
(ii) Secondary and tertiary amines
(iii) Ethylamine and aniline
(iv) Aniline and benzylamine
(v) Aniline and N-Methylaniline.
7. Explain the action of nitrous acid on three types of amine.
8. How the following convertions are effected? (PTA-1)
(i) Nitro benzene → N-phenyl hydroxyl amine
(ii) Propanamide → Propan – 1- amine
(iii) Aniline → p-nitroaniline
9. An aromatic nitro compound (A) on reduction with Sn / HCl gives compound (B) C6H7N, which on
treatment with benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine to give compound(C). compound (B) on
treatment with CH3Br to give compound (D) which further reacts with NaNO2 / HCl to give compound
(E) with yellow oil liquid. Identify (A) to (E ) and write the reactions. (PTA-5)
14 . BIOMOLECULES
1. Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?
a) D(+) Glucose (b) L(+) Glucose (c) D(-) Fructose (d) D(+) Galactose
2. The correct corresponding order of names of four aldoses with configuration given below
Respectively is,
a) L-Erythrose, L-Threose, L-Erythrose, D-Threose
b)D-Threose,D-Erythrose, L-Threose, L-Erythrose,
c)L-Erythrose, L-Threose, D-Erythrose, D-Threose
d) D-Erythrose, D-Threose, L-Erythrose, L-Threose
3. Which one given below is a non-reducing sugar?
a) Glucose b) Sucrose c) maltose d) Lactose.
4. Glucose → Product → Product → A, the compound A is
a) Heptanoic acid b) 2-Iodohexane c) Heptane d) Heptanol
5. Assertion: A solution of sucrose in water is dextrorotatory. But on hydrolysis in the
presence of little hydrochloric acid, it becomes levorotatory.
Reason: Sucrose hydrolysis gives equal amounts of glucose and fructose. As a result of
this change in sign of rotation is observed.
a)If both accretion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
d) if both assertion and reason are false.
6. The central dogma of molecular genetics states that the genetic information flows from
a) Amino acids Protein DNA
b) DNA Carbohydrates Proteins
c) DNA RNA Proteins
d) DNA RNA Carbohydrates
7. In a protein, various amino acids linked together by
a) Peptide bond b) Dative bond c) α - Glycosidic bond d) β - Glycosidic bond
9. The correct statement regarding RNA and DNA respectively is
48
a) the sugar component in RNA is an arabinos and the sugar component in DNA is ribose
b) the sugar component in RNA is 2’-deoxyribose and the sugar component in DNA is arabinose
c) the sugar component in RNA is an arabinose and the sugar component in DNA is 2’-deoxyribose
d) the sugar component in RNA is ribose and the sugar component in DNA is 2’-deoxyribose
10. In aqueous solution of amino acids mostly exists in,
a) NH2-CH(R)-COOH b) NH2-CH(R)-COO- c)H3N+-CH(R)-COOH d) H3N+-CH(R)-COO-
12. The number of sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon in fructose are respectively
a) 1 and 4 b) 4 and 2 c) 5 and 1 d) 1 and 5
14. The pyrimidine bases present in DNA are
a) Cytosine and Adenine b) Cytosine and Guanine
c) Cytosine and Thiamine d) Cytosine and Uracil
18. Complete hydrolysis of cellulose gives
a) L-Glucose b) D-Fructose c) D-Ribose d) D-Glucose
20. Glucose is an aldose. Which one of the following reactions is not expected with glucose?
a) It does not form oxime
b) It does not react with Grignard reagent
c) It does not form osazones
d) It does not reduce tollens reagent
21. If one strand of the DNA has the sequence ‘ATGCTTGA’, then the sequence of complementary strand
would be
a) TACGAACT b) TCCGAACT c) TACGTACT d) TACGRAGT
23. α -D (+) Glucose and β-D (+) glucose are
a) Epimers b) Anomers c) Enantiomers d) Conformational isomers
24. Which of the following are epimers
a) D(+)-Glucose and D(+)-Galactose (b) D(+)-Glucose and D(+)-Mannose
c) Neither (a) nor (b) (d) Both (a) and (b)
25. Which of the following amino acids are achiral?
a) Alanine b) Leucine c) Proline d) Glycine
BOOK BACK QUESTION:

4. Write the Zwitter ion structure of alanine
5. Give any three differences between DNA and RNA
6. Write a short note on peptide bond(PTA-3)
9. What are reducing and non –reducing sugars?
10. Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
11. Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. i) Starch ii)
fructose iii) sucrose iv) lactose iv) maltose
14. Write the structure of all possible dipeptides which can be obtained from glycine and alanine
16. Writhe the structure of D (+) glucopyranose(PTA-2)
17. What are different types of RNA which are found in cell? (Sep-2020)
20. Is the following sugar, D – sugar or L – sugar?
49
Book inside Two Marks
1. Write note about glycogen?
2. What are amino acids ? Give its structure
3. Define an iso electric point.
4. What is Zwitter ion? Give its structure
5. Name the four bases present in DNA. Which one of these not presents in RNA?
6. Name the two types of nucleic acids.
7. What is mutarotation?
8. What are the uses of cellulose?
9. Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring
compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain.
10. Why sucrose is called invert sugar?
11. What is complementary base pairing in DNA?
Book inside - 3 Marks
1. Prove that sucrose is (i) invert sugar (ii)non reducing sugar.
2. Explain what is meant by (i) a peptide linkage (ii) a glycosidic linkage.
Book inside -5 Marks
1.How would you prove that structure of glucose ?(OR) Elucidate the structure of glucose.
2. Explain the structure of Fructose (PTA-1)
3. Explain about the composition acids.
4. Distinguish between glucose and fructose.
5. Describe the Importance of carbohydrates
6. Explain the classification of carbohydrates giving examples for each.
50

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1

a) Graphite b) graphene c) Fullerene d) dry ice

16. Duralumin is an alloy of

Text Book Exercise Questions and Answers:

3. IO3- + I- + H+→ 4. I 2+ S2O32- →

UNIT – 4 Transition and Inner Transition Elements

Reason: Ce4+ has the tendency of attaining +3 oxidation state.

UNIT 6 - SOLID STATE

a) XY8 b) X4Y9 c) XY2 d) XY4

TEXT BOOK QUESTION AND ANSWERS

ADDITIONAL TWO MARK QUESTIONS:

a) ( mol L-1s-1), (mol-1/2L1/2 s-1 ) b) (mol-1/2L1/2 s-1 ) , mol L-4 s-4 )

concentration of cyclopropane after 1806 minutes? (log 2 = 0.3010)

Text Book Exercise Questions and Answer

1. Differentiate rate and rate constant. (PTA-3)

Answer the following question on the basis of this graph

a) 2×10-3M b) 4×10-4M c) 1.6×10-5M d) 1.8×10-5M

a) PO43- b) P2O5 c) H3PO4 d) HPO42-

Which of the following is the correct option?

Short Answers(Book Back )

a) Wurtz reaction b) cyclic reaction c) Williamson reaction d) Kolbe reactions

iii ) Anisole → A → B → C (PTA-2)

22. What will be the product for the following reaction?

2. The formation of cyanohydrin from acetone is an example of

a) Formaldelyde b) di acetone ammonia c) hexamethylene tetraamine d) oxime

17. Assertion : p – N, N – dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde undergoes benzoin condensation

13. Identify A, B and C

(x) Hydration of acetylene yields acetaldehyde:

ADDITIONAL 2 MARKS QUESTIONS

a) bromomethane b)α- bromo sodium acetate c) methanamine d) acetamide

7. Aniline + benzoylchloride → C6 H5 - NH – COC6 H5 this reaction is known as

25. The major product of the following reaction

Short answer Questions

6. Write short notes on the following

12. How will you convert diethylamine into

16. Predict A,B,C and D for the following reaction

BOOK BACK QUESTION:

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