Ch4 - Phuong Phap Tinh

TRNG CAO NG NGH iSPACE
137C Nguyn Ch Thanh, P 9, Q 5, TP. H Ch Minh

Web: ispace.edu.vn - Tel: 08.6.261.0303 - Fax: 08.6.261.0304
Bi ging TON NG DNG TRONG TIN HC

(Ti liu cp nht 2009)
Chng 4
PHNG PHP TNH
Ton ng dng
Chg 4:
PHNG PHP TNH
1. S xp x v sai s
1.1 S xp x
1.2 Sai s tuyt i
1.3 Sai s tng i
2. Gii gn ng cc ph/trnh
3. Gii h thng phng trnh
(HTPT) i s tuyn tnh
4. Ni suy v bnh phng
cc tiu
5. Tnh gn ng o hm
v tch phn xc nh
TON NG DNG
2.1 Nghim ca phng trnh

2.2 Phng php dy cung
2.3 Phng php tip tuyn (Newton)
2.4 Phng php phi hp
3.1 Kh/nim v bi ton HTPT
3.2 Phng php trc tip Gauss
4.1 a thc ni suy
4.2 Tnh gi tr ca a thc: S Hoocne
4.3 a thc ni suy Lagrange
4.4 Phng php bnh phng cc tiu
5.1 Tnh gn ng o hm
5.2 Tnh gn ng tch phn xc nh
5.3 Cng thc hnh thang
5.4 Cng thc Simpson
Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH
HDXB-
Chng 4 PHNG PHP TNH
1. S XP X & SAI S
1.1 S xp x
(s ng s gn ng)
1.2 Sai s tuyt i;
Sai s tuyt i gii hn
1.3 Sai s tng i;
Sai s tng i gii hn
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
1.2 SAI S TUYT I

Sai s tuyt i ca a:
V d 4.3
a A a
S ng A = = 3,1415 (tnh 4 s l)
S xp x thiu: a = 3,14 a = 3,1400
Sai s tuyt i ca a:
=
V d 4.4
3,1415 - 3,1400 = 0,0015
S ng A = = 3,141 (3 l)
S xp x tha: b = 3,15 b = 3,150
Sai s tuyt i ca b:
=
TON NG DNG
3,141 - 3,150 = 0,009
HDXB-
1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt) 1. S XP X & SAI S

V d 4.5
S ng A = 3, vi
S xp x : a = 9,42
= 3,1415
(tnh 4 s l)
v b = 9,43
Tnh sai s tuyt i ca a v b theo A?
V d 4.6
S ng B = 16/3 (tnh 5 s l)
S xp x : c = 5,333 v d = 5,334
Tnh sai s tuyt i ca c v d theo B?
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt) SAI
S TUYT I GiI HN
Trong thc t ta khng bit c s ng A, do ni chung sai s tuyt

i khng tnh c. V vy ta tm cch c lng sai s tuyt i ca a
bng s a >0 sao cho
| a - A | a 0 (*)
S dng a c gi l sai s tuyt i gii hn ca a.
R rng nu a l sai s tuyt i gii hn ca a th mi E > a u l
sai s tuyt i gii hn ca a.
Trong nhng iu kin c th ngi ta c gng chn a l s dng b
nht c th c tho mn (*). Nu a l sai s tuyt i gii hn ca a
khi xp x A th ta quy c vit:
A = a a
tc l
a - a A a + a
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt) SAI
S TUYT I GiI HN (tt)
V d 4.7
Sai s tuyt i gii hn (6.2)
GII:
= a = A - a a
Trong nhiu
TON NG DNG
ai Chn a min chnh xc !!
HDXB-
1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt)

V d 4.8 Mt mnh t hnh ch nht c chiu di d=15,45m v chiu rng
r=3,94m vi sai s 1cm. Khi ta hiu l:
d = 0,01m hay d = 15,45m 0,01m
r = 0,01m hay r = 3,94m 0,01m
Khi din tch ca mnh t c tnh l:
S=d.r = 15,45 . 3,94 m = 60,873 m2
vi cn trn l
(15,45+0,01) .(3,94+0,01) = 61,067 m2
v cn di l
(15,45-0,01) (3,94-0,01) = 60,679m2
hay
60,679 S 61,067
Vy c lng sai s tuyt i ca S l:
| S-S0| 0,388 m2
hay lm trn 0,4 m2 .
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
1.3 SAI S TNG I (tt)
V d 4.10 S ng A = 3 , vi = 3,1415 (tnh 4 s l)

S xp x : a = 9,42 v b = 9,43
Tnh sai s tng i ca a v b theo A?
V d 4.11
TON NG DNG
S ng B = 16/3 (tnh 5 s l)
S xp x : c = 5,333 v d = 5,334
Tnh sai s tng i ca c v d theo B?
HDXB-
1.3 SAI S TNG I (tt)

V d 4.12
V d 4.13
TON NG DNG
on ng t A n B di khong 26km.
T B n C ch bng 1/3 khong cch trn.
SV-1 ni rng khong cch BC l 8,67km.
SV-2 li ni khong cch BC l 8,66km.
Tnh sai s tng i ca on ng BC theo
AB m 2 SV tnh vi chnh xc 0,0001?
Khi tnh din tch hnh trn c ng knh 6m.

SV-1 cho p s l 9,43m2.
SV-2 li cho p s l 9,42m2
Tnh sai s tng i ca 2 p n trn vi
chnh xc 3 s?
HDXB-
1.3 SAI S TNG I (tt) SAI S TNG I GiI HN (tt)
V d 4.15
V d 4.16
TON NG DNG
S ng A = 3 , vi = 3,1415 (tnh 4 s l)
S xp x : a = 9,42 v b = 9,43
Tnh sai s tng i gii hn ca a v b theo A?
S ng B = 16/3 (tnh 5 s l)
S xp x : c = 5,333 v d = 5,334
Tnh sai s tng i gii hn ca c v d theo B?
HDXB-
Bi tp v nh DNG 6 (Homework-6):
Bi 6.1:
S ng A = 4, vi = 3,1415 (tnh 4 s l)
S xp x : a = 12,565 , b = 12,566, c = 12,567 v d = 12,568
Tnh:
a/ Biu din s ng A qua a, a, a

b/ Biu din s ng A qua b, b, b
c/ Biu din s ng A qua c, c, c
d/ Biu din s ng A qua d, d, d
e/ Chn gi tr gn ng nht t a, b, c , d so vi s ng A.
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Bi 6.2: on ng t X n Z di khong 26km.
T X n Y (A km) ch bng 1/3 khong cch trn.

SV-1 ni rng khong cch BC l a = 8,64km.
SV-2 ..............................................b = 8,65km
SV-3 .............. ...............................c = 8,66km.
SV-4 ..............................................d = 8,67km
Tnh: a/ Biu din s ng A qua a, a, a

(tnh 4 s l)

e/ So snh chnh xc gim dn gia a, b, c , d so vi s ng A.
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Bi 6.3:
Khi tnh din tch hnh trn c ng knh 6m.

SV-1 cho p s l a = 9,420m2.
SV-2 ........................b = 9,425m2
SV-3 ........................c = 9,430m2.
SV-4 ........................d = 9,435m2
Tnh: a/ Biu din s ng A qua a, a, a

(tnh 4 s l)

e/ So snh chnh xc tng dn gia a, b, c , d so vi s ng A.
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
2. GII GN NG CC PHNG TRNH

2.1 Nghim ca phng trnh
2.2 Phng php dy cung
2.3 Phng php tip tuyn (Newton)
2.4 Phng php phi hp
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
2.1 Nghim ca phng trnh (tt)

th ca phng trnh y = f(x)
nghim ca pt f(x) =0 l giao im ca th vi trc Ox
Pt f(x)=0 c duy nht mt nghim trn (a, b) nu tha 3 iu kin sau
1- f(a) khc du f(b) f(a).f(b) < 0

2- o hm cp mt f(x) khng i du trong (a,b)
3- o hm cp hai f(x) khng i du trong (a,b)
Khng c im un
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
2.2 PHNG PHP DY CUNG

y
V d 4.17
Cho pt f(x)=0, [a0,b0] l khong cch ly

nghim (min nghim-MN).
Tm nghim gn ng
ai trong (a0,b0)
ai (a0 , b0 )
a0
a1
a2 a3
b0
x
x0
A
Ph.trnh dy cung i qua ng thng AB dng: y = f(x) =ax+b
NGHIM NG ca ph/trnh y = f(x) l X0

TON NG DNG
HDXB-
26- PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)

Trnh t xc nh nghim gn ng
bng PPDC: (P/t dy cung i qua ng
thng AB dng: y = f(x) =ax+b)
Ln 1: 1.1- Chn MN ban u
an xn x0 xn x0
x0 (a0 , b0 )
1.2- Ni 2 im A v B trn th,

1.3- AB ct trc honh ti im c honh : ,
a1 x0
x0 (a1 , b0 ) (a0 , b0 )
2.2 Ni C vi B ta li tm c mt im mi: a2 x0
Ln 2: 2.1-Chn MN mi:
.. Lp li lin tc nhiu ln
Ln n: Dng bc n ta thu c nghim xp x
TON NG DNG
an xn () x0
HDXB-
26- PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)
Ta c: pt qua dy cung AB
Tam gic ng dng
y f ( xo )
x xo
f (ai ) f ( xo ) ai xo
ai = x i
Lp li nhiu ln NGHIM cng chnh xc
xn x0
d x n 1
x n x n 1
f ( x n 1 )
f (d ) f ( x n 1 )
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
2.2 PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)

V d 4.18
GiI
TON NG DNG
TON NG DNG
Chng
PHNG
PHP TNH
4.2 GII
GN 4:
NG
CC PHNG
TRNH
HDXBHDXB-2009
2.2 PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)
x n F ( x n 1 )
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
TM TT CCH TM NGHIM BNG PHNG PHP DY CUNG CA

PHNG TRNH F(X)=0
Bc 1. Tm khong phn ly nghim (a, b) tha cc tnh cht:
- f(a)f(b)<0
- f(x) khng i du trn on (a,b)
Bc 2. Tm im ban u x0 tha tnh cht f(x0)f(x0)<0.
im c nh d tha tnh cht f(d)f(d)>0
Bc 3. Lp cc bc tm nghim. p dng cng thc:
d x n 1
x n x n 1
f ( x n 1 )
f (d ) f ( x n 1 )
V d: Tm nghim ng ca phng trnh

f(x)=x3-6x+2=0
Tch nghim: bng phng php kho st hm s y= x3-6x+2 ta suy ra
cc on [-3,-2],[0,1],[2,3] cha nghim ca pt.
f(x)=3x2-6
f(x)=6x
Ta tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh trong khong [2,3]
2.3 PHNG PHP TiP TUYN (Newton)
V d 4.19
Cho pt f(x)=0, [a,b] l khong cch ly nghim (min nghim-MN).
Tm nghim gn ng
TON NG DNG
ai trong (a0,b0)
ai (a0 , b0 )
HDXB-
2.3 PHNG PHP TiP TUYN (Newton)---(tt)
V d 4.19
ai (a0 , b0 )
x0
a0
A
b0
a3
a2
a1
Ph.trnh tip tuyn i qua ng thng AB dng: y = f(x) =ax+b
NGHIM NG ca ph/trnh y = f(x) l X0

TON NG DNG
HDXB-
27- PHNG PHP TIP TUYN (Newton)---(tt)

Trnh t xc nh nghim gn ng
bng PPTT: (P/t TT i qua ng thng
AB dng: y = f(x) =ax+b)
an xn x0 xn x0
x0 (a0 , b0 )
Ln 1: 1.1- Chn MN ban u
1.2- T im B trn th v tip tuyn,

ct trc honh ti im c honh
Ln 2: 2.1-Chn MN mi:
a1 x0
x0 (a1 , b0 ) (a0 , b0 )
2.2 Tip tc v tip tuyn
a2 x0
.. Lp li lin tc nhiu ln
Ln n: Dng bc n ta thu c nghim xp x
TON NG DNG
an xn () x0
HDXB-
27- PHNG PHP TiP TUYN (Newton)(tt)

Phng tnh tip tuyn ti x0 l:
y f ( x0 )( x x0 ) f ( x0 )
'
x1 l honh giao im ca tip tuyn vi trc honh. Suy ra x1 l

nghim ca phng trnh
'
f ( x0 )
x1 x0 '
f ( x0 )
0 f ( x0 )( x x0 ) f ( x0 )
f ( x1 )
x2 x1 '
f ( x1 )
f ( xn 1 )
xn xn 1 '
f ( xn 1 )
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
2.3 PHNG PHP TiP TUYN (Newton)(tt)
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
V d 4.20
GiI
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
1
1
1
1
27
x2
0,3398
17
3
3 9.17
3
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
TM TT CCH TM NGHIM BNG PHNG PHP DY CUNG CA

PHNG TRNH F(X)=0
Bc 1. Tm khong phn ly nghim (a, b) tha cc tnh cht:
- f(a)f(b)<0
Bc 2. Tm im ban u x0 tha tnh cht f(x0)f(x0)>0.
Bc 3. Lp cc bc tm nghim. p dng cng thc:
f ( xn 1 )
xn xn 1 '
f ( xn 1 )
V d: Tm nghim ng ca phng trnh

f(x)=x3-6x+2=0
Tch nghim: bng phng php kho st hm s y= x3-6x+2 ta suy ra
cc on [-3,-2],[0,1],[2,3] cha nghim ca pt.
f(x)=3x2-6
f(x)=6x
Ta tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh trong khong (0,1)
2.4 PHNG PHP PHI HP
TON NG DNG
2. GII GN NG CC PHNG TRNH
HDXB-2009
2.4 PHNG PHP PHI HP (tt)
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
3. GII H THNG PHNG TRNH I S TUYN TNH
3.1 Ma trn bc thang
3.2 Gii h phng trnh bng phng php

Gauss
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

C 3 php bin i s cp trn dng
1. Nhn mt dng ty vi mt s khc khng
hi hi ; 0
2. Cng vo mt dng mt dng khc c nhn vi

mt s ty
hi hi h j ;
3. Hon v hai dng ty
hi h j
36
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

Phn t khc khng u tin ca mt dng k t
bn tri c gi l phn t c s ca dng .
Phn t c s
1 0 3
0 1 2
0 0 0
Khng l phn t c s
Dng khng c phn t c s
Ma trn c gi l dng bc thang nu

1. dng khng c phn t c s (nu tn ti) th
nm di cng
2. Phn t c s ca dng di nm bn phi
(khng cng ct) so vi phn t c s ca
dng trn.
37
3.1 Ma trn bc thang
A
0
1
0
4
0
0 3 2
7 2
6
1 2 5
0 0
0
2 1 1 2
B 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 5
Khng l ma
trn bc
thang
45
Khng l ma
trn bc thang
38
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

V d
A
0
3
0
0
0
0 2 2
7 1
4
0 2 5
0 0
0
1 2 0 2
B 0 0 1 3
0 0 0 7
L ma trn dng
bc thang
45
L ma trn
dng bc thang
39
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

nh l 1
Mi ma trn u c th a v ma trn dng bc
thang bng cc php bin i s cp i vi dng.
Ch
Khi dng cc php bin i s cp i vi dng
ta thu c nhiu ma trn bc thang khc nhau
3. GII H THNG PHNG TRNH40I S TUYN TNH
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

V d
Dng cc php bin i s cp i vi dng a
ma trn sau y v ma trn dng bc thang.
1 1 1 2 1
2 3 1 4 5
3 2 3 7 4
1 1 2 3 1
41
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

Bc 1. Bt u t ct khc khng u tin t bn
tri. Chn phn t khc khng ty lm phn t
c s.
1 1 1 2 1
2 3 1 4 5
3 2 3 7 4
1 1 2 3 1
Bc 2. Dng bsc i vi dng, kh tt

t cn li ca ct.
1 1 1 2 1
1 1
h2 h2 2 h1
2 3 1 4 5
h h 3h 0 1
3
3
1
A
h
4
4
1
3 2 3 7 4
0 1
1 1 2 3 1
0 2
c cc phn
1 2
1 0
0 1
1 1
1
3
1
2
42
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

V d: Tm hng ca
1 2
A 2 4
3 6
ma
1
2
3
trn sau
1
2
Gii.
1 2 1 1
1 2 1
h h 2 h
A 2 4 2 2 h2 h2 3h1 0 0 0
3
3
1
3 6 3 4
0 0 0
1 2 1 1
h h
2 3 0 0 0 1
r (A ) 2
0 0 0 0
1
0
43
3.1 Ma trn bc thang

Bi tp!
1. S dng bin i s cp, tm hng ca ma trn
sau
1 2 3 3
A 2 4 6 9
2 6 7 6
2. Tm hng ca ma trn sau
2 3 1 4
B 3 4 2 9
2 0 1 3
44
3.2 H phng trnh tuyn tnh
x 2y
2x 4 y
x
2y
2t
3t
45

nh ngha h phng trnh tuyn tnh.
H phng trnh tuyn tnh gm m phng
trnh, n n c dng:
a11x1 a12 x2
a x a x
21 1
22 2

am1x1 am 2 x2
a1n xn
b1
a2 n xn
b2

amn xm
bm
a11, a12, , amn c gi l h s ca h phng

trnh.
b1, b2, , bm c gi l h s t do ca h
phng trnh.
46
Ma trn h s
a11 ... a1 j ... a1n
M
M
M
A ai1 ... aij ... ain
M
M
M
a
...
a
...
a
m
1
mj
mn
a11
Ma trn m rng
... a1n b1
M
M b2
M
ai1 ... aij ... ain ...
M
M ...
M
a
...
a
...
a
b
mj
mn n
m1
... a1 j
47

nh ngha h thun nht.
H phng trnh tuyn tnh c gi l thun nht
nu tt c cc h s t do b1, b2, , bm u bng
0.
nh ngha h khng thun nht.
H phng trnh tuyn tnh c gi l khng
thun nht nu t nht mt trong cc h s t do
b1, b2, , bm khc 0.
Nghim ca h l mt b n s c1, c2, , cn sao cho
khi thay vo tng phng trnh ca h ta c
nhng ng thc ng.
48
Mt h phng trnh tuyn tnh c th:

H khng tng thch
1. v nghim,
2. c duy nht mt nghim
H tng thch
3. C v s nghim
Hai h phng trnh c gi l tng ng nu
chng cng chung mt tp nghim.
gii h phng trnh ta dng cc php
bin i h v h tng ng, m h ny
gii n gin hn.
49

nh ngha php bin i tng ng
Mt php bin i c gi l tng ng nu
bin mt h phng trnh v mt h tng
ng.
C 3 php bin i tng ng i vi h
phng trnh :
1. Nhn hai v ca phng trnh vi mt s khc
khng.
2. Cng vo mt phng trnh mt phng trnh
khc c nhn vi mt s ty .
3. i ch hai phng trnh.
Ch : Chng ta c th kim tra d dng rng
cc php bin i trn l cc php bin i
tng ng.
50

Xt h phng trnh tuyn tnh
a11 x1
a x
21 1
am1 x1
am 2 x2
a12 x2
a22 x2
Khi ,
a1n xn
a2 n xn
amn xm
a11
A a21
...
am1
a12
a22
...
am 2
...
...
...
...
a1n
a2 n
...
amn
a11
( A | b) a21
...
am1
a12
a22
...
am 2
...
...
...
...
a1n
a2 n
...
amn
b1
b2
bm
c gi l ma trn h s
b1
b2
...
bm
c gi l ma trn h
s m rng
51

0
x y
Gii h phng trnh: 2 x y 3 z 3

x 2y z 3
Ma trn h s:
1 1 0
2 1 3
1 2 1
Ma trn m rng:
1 1 0
2 1 3
1 2 1
0
3
3
52

1 1 0
2 1 3
1 2 1
x
d3 d3 d 2
0
3
dd dd 2dd
2
1 1 0 0
0 3 3 3
0 0 4 0
1 1 0
0 3 3
0 3 1
0
3
x=1
y=-1
Z=0
53

nh ngha n c s v n t do.
n c s l n tng ng vi ct cha phn t c s.
n t do l tng ng vi ct khng c phn t c s.
1 1 1 2
2 2 3 5
1
6
3 3 4 1 1
BSC Dng
1 1 1 2 1
0 0 1 1 4
0 0 0 6 8
x1, x3, x4: l cc n c s

x2: n t do
54
S dng bin i s cp i vi dng gii h

1. Lp ra ma trn m rng A ( A | b)
2. Dng bin i s cp i vi dng a ma
trn m rng v ma trn dng bc thang.
Kim tra h c nghim hay khng.
3. Vit h phng trnh tng ng vi ma trn bc
thang
4. Gii h phng trnh ngc t di ln, tm n
xn, sau xn-1, ., x1.
55

V d
Gii cc h phng trnh sau y vi cc ma trn
m rng cho trc.
1 5 2 6
a. 0 4 7 2 ,
0 0 5 0
1 1 1 0
c. 0 1 2 5 ,
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 3
b. 0 1 2 4 ,
0 0 0 5
1 1 1
c. 0 3 1
0 0 0
0
0 .
0
56
V d
Gii h phng trnh:
x 5 y 2z 1
x 4 y z 6
x 3 y 3z 9
57
V d
Gii h phng trnh
y z 3
3 x 5 y 9 z 2
x 2 y 3z 3
58

V d
Tm nghim tng qut ca h phng trnh
3x1
3x
1
3 x2
7 x2
9 x2
n c s: x1 , x2 , x5
6 x3 6 x4
8 x3 5 x4
12 x3 9 x4
n t do:
x1
x
2
Nghim tng qut: x3
x
4
x5
4 x5 5
8 x5 9
6 x5 15
x3 , x4
24 2 3
7 2 2
59
V d
Tm nghim tng qut ca h phng trnh bit ma
trn m rng
1 1 1
2 3 4
1
1
3 4 2 1
60
V d
Tm nghim tng qut ca h phng trnh.
x1 2 x2
2 x1 4 x2
3x 6 x
1
2
x3
x3
x3
2 x4
3 x4
4 x4
0
0
0
61

Bi tp!
Gia nhng nghim ca h
x 2y
2x 4 y
x 2y
z 0
z 0
z 0
tm nghim tha biu thc y xy = 2z
62
4. NI SUY & BNH PHNG CC TIU

4.1 a thc ni suy
4.2 Tnh gi tr ca a thc: S Hoocne
4.3 a thc ni suy Lagrange
4.4 Phng php bnh phng cc tiu
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.1 A THC NI SUY
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.1 a thc ni suy (tt)
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.2 Tnh gi tr ca a thc: S Hoocne (tt)
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.2 Tnh gi tr ca a thc: S Hoocne (tt)

V d 4.15
a/ Trc tip:
Dng 3 cch khc nhau tnh gi tr P3(x),
x=3
P3(3) = 3.33 + 2.32 + 5.3 +7 = 91
b/ Tnh theo S Hoocne:
c/ Tnh theo hng kt hp:
P3 (3) (( 3.3 2)3 5)3 7

11
TON NG DNG
28
91
HDXB-
Dng 3 cch khc nhau tnh gi tr Pn(x):
Bi 8.1
Px(a) = 3x3 - 2x2 + 5x - 4 ; a=2
Bi 8.2
Px(b) = 2x4 - 3x3 + 5x + 7 ; b=3
Bi 8.3
Px(c) = 2x5 - 4x3 + 3x2 - 8 ; c=2
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Dng 3 cch khc nhau tnh gi tr Pn(x):
Bi 8.4
Px(d) = 3x6 - 2x5 + 3x3 + 4x - 5 ; d=2
Bi 8.5
Px(e) = 2x7 + 4x5 - 3x3 + 2x + 6 ; e=3
Bi 8.6
Px(g) = 3x8 - 2x5 - 4x3 + 3x2 - 8 ; g=2
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.3 A THC NI SUY LAGRANGE

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.3 a thc ni suy Lagrange (tt)
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
( x x 0 )( x x1 )( x x 2 )...( x x n )
L n ( x)
yi
i 0 ( x i x 0 )( x i x1 )( x i x 2 )...( x i x n )
n
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars
( x x j )( x x j1 )
i0
( x i x j )( x i x j1 )
L n ( x)
TON NG DNG
y i ; ( j 0 n)
HDXB-

Tham kho
Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars

TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.4 PHNG PHP BNHPHNG CC TiU

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
4.4 Ph/php bnh phng cc tiu (tt)
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
Tm m hnh biu din y=f(x1,x2) trn c s bng thc nghim sau (n=6):
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
5.1 TNH GN NG O HM
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
5.1 Tnh gn ng o hm (tt)
Cng thc tnh gn ng o hm cp mt

a/ Trng hp 2 nt ni suy: x0 v x1
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars

TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
b/ Trng hp 3 nt ni suy: x0, x1v x2
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
5.2 TNH GN NG TCH PHN XC NH

Tham kho Seminars
F ' (x) f (x)
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
5.3 C/THC HNH THANG ...
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
5.3 Cng thc hnh thang & sai s (tt)

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars

TON NG DNG
HDXB-
C/thc hnh thang tng qut & sai s

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
C/thc hnh thang tng qut & sai s
TON NG DNG
Tham kho Seminars
HDXB-
5.4 CNG THC SIMPSON v SAI S

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
5.4 C/thc Simpson v sai s (tt)

Tham kho Seminars
Cng thc Simpson

TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
C/thc Simpson tng qut & sai s

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
C/thc Simpson t/ qut & sai s (tt)
Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
C/thc Simpson t/qut & sai s (tt)

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-

Tham kho Seminars
TON NG DNG
HDXB-
TRNG CAO NG NGH iSPACE

137C Nguyn Ch Thanh, P 9, Q 5, TP. H Ch Minh
Web: ispace.edu.vn - Tel: 08.6.261.0303 - Fax: 08.6.261.0304
Kt thc Chng 4:
PHNG PHP TNH
CM N CC EM
CH LNG NGHE !
TON NG DNG
Chng 5: I S BOOLE
HDXB-2009

Ch4 - Phuong Phap Tinh

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TRNG CAO NG NGH iSPACE

137C Nguyn Ch Thanh, P 9, Q 5, TP. H Ch Minh

Bi ging TON NG DNG TRONG TIN HC

PHNG PHP TNH

PHNG PHP TNH

2.1 Nghim ca phng trnh

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

Chng 4 PHNG PHP TNH

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.2 SAI S TUYT I

3,1415 - 3,1400 = 0,0015

3,141 - 3,150 = 0,009

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt) 1. S XP X & SAI S

Tnh sai s tuyt i ca a v b theo A?

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt) SAI

Trong thc t ta khng bit c s ng A, do ni chung sai s tuyt

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt) SAI

S TUYT I GiI HN (tt)

ai Chn a min chnh xc !!

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.2 SAI S TUYT I (tt)

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.3 SAI S TNG I (tt)

V d 4.10 S ng A = 3 , vi = 3,1415 (tnh 4 s l)

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.3 SAI S TNG I (tt)

Khi tnh din tch hnh trn c ng knh 6m.

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

1.3 SAI S TNG I (tt) SAI S TNG I GiI HN (tt)

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

a/ Biu din s ng A qua a, a, a

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

T X n Y (A km) ch bng 1/3 khong cch trn.

Tnh: a/ Biu din s ng A qua a, a, a

c/ Biu din s ng A qua c, c, c

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

Khi tnh din tch hnh trn c ng knh 6m.

Tnh: a/ Biu din s ng A qua a, a, a

c/ Biu din s ng A qua c, c, c

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

2. GII GN NG CC PHNG TRNH

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

2.1 Nghim ca phng trnh (tt)

1- f(a) khc du f(b) f(a).f(b) < 0

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

2.2 PHNG PHP DY CUNG

Cho pt f(x)=0, [a0,b0] l khong cch ly

NGHIM NG ca ph/trnh y = f(x) l X0

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

26- PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)

1.2- Ni 2 im A v B trn th,

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

26- PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)

Tam gic ng dng

Lp li nhiu ln NGHIM cng chnh xc

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

2.2 PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)

2.2 PHNG PHP DY CUNG (tt)

Chng 4: PHNG PHP TNH

TM TT CCH TM NGHIM BNG PHNG PHP DY CUNG CA