MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS OF BUILDING

(Vertical Transportation)

ELEVATORS hoisting mechanism

Two Types: Electric & Hydraulic
Electric E. tall buildings/DC motor operated
Hydraulic E. plunger (antennaeic/movable rod)
ELEVATOR TRACTION MACHINES
1. Gearless spun and worm
2. Geared gear and worm
Electric E. : cable
Hydraulic E: plunger

ELECTRIC E. MAJOR PARTS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Car/Cab load carrying unit

Cable rope; 4 - 6 in no.
Drive machine power unit
Counterweights balances the weight/40% of capacity load
Guide Rail - bracket
Shaft/Hoistway hatchway/hatch
Penthouse machine room above hoistway
Elevator Pit from sill level of the lowest landing
Control Equipment electrical panel

ELECTRIC E. OTHER PARTS

1.
2.

Control Panel electrical panel; controller

Motor Generators (Motor Control);Generator Field Control

3.
4.

Guide Shoes
Compensating Chain welded-link chain for hoist rope weight

governs acceleration, speed, retardation, stopping of elevator

6.
7.
8.

compensation
Buffer stops descending car or counterweights beyond normal limit
of travel
Governor mechanical speed control mechanism
Secondary Sheave pulley on a gearless machine
Safety large clamp; anchors the car to the building

9.
10.

Limit Switches
Operating Device

5.

Machine room-less
elevator
An independent machine room
is not required any more when
choosing machine room-less
elevator solutions. The
permanent magnet
synchronous gearless drive
unit
is installed inside of the shaft,
so that the space of traditional
machine rooms is obviated and
the costs for building
constructionare consequently
reduced. In addition this makes
the architectural design more
flexible and adaptable.

Buffer

HYDRAULIC E. MAJOR PARTS

Car/Cab
Plunger inside movable part of a
hydraulic jack
Spring Buffer elev. w/ speed less
than 200 fpm
Guide Shoes guide car along rails

Guide Rails
Shaft/Hoistway
Elevator Machine Room
Elevator Pit
Control System

HYDRAULIC E. OTHER PARTS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Floor Stop and Limit Switch

Creepage and Leveling Car Switch
Car Gate Switch
Gate Valve
Controller
Motor & Pump with Tank

Dumbwaiter

Electric hydraulic or electric cable

Capacity up to 500 lbs
Platform up to 9 square feet
Power any/3/60 or 220/1/60
Self-Maintained controls, call & send
Options & Accessories
Stainless steel cab
Cab in use light
Minimum frame constructions
(frame requires anchoring) utilizes
less floor space
Choice of colors, enamel paint
Safety Features
Falling platform safety device
Side thrust rollers
Overtravel safety stops
Slack cable limit switch (cable unit)

Freight Elevator
Cargo lift

Conveyor
Bucket Conveyor

ESCALATOR
The angle of inclination of an escalator shall not
exceed 30 from the horizontal (NBC Sec.1302)
32 wide 90/min. (normal)
48 wide 120/min. (rush hours)
MAJOR PARTS
1. TRUSS welded steel frame
2. SPROCKET ASSEMBLIES
3. DRIVING MACHINES
4. BALLUSTRADE ASSEMBLY
5. HANDRAILS
6. ENDLESS BELT

ESCALATOR
MAJOR PARTS
1. TRUSS welded steel frame
2. SPROCKET ASSEMBLIES
3. DRIVING MACHINES
4. BALLUSTRADE ASSEMBLY
5. HANDRAILS
6. ENDLESS BELT

ESCALATOR
OTHER PARTS
1. Tracks
2. Emergency Brake
3. Controller
4. Emergency Stop Button
5. Key Operated Control Switches

Brushes are pitched downward to

discourage the retention of liquids and
other contaminants along the brush
surface.

ESCALATOR
ARRANGEMENT
1. Crisscross
2. Parallel

ESCALATOR
ARRANGEMENT
1. Crisscross
2. Parallel

Moving
walk/ramp

Moving
walk/ramp

Moving
walk/ramp

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning

(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature
TYPES OF AC:
1. WACU thru the wall
2. Split Type (Condenser & Evaporator)
3. Centralized (Ducting/Mechanical Room)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning

(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature
TYPES OF AC:
1. WACU thru the wall

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning

(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature
TYPES OF AC:
Split Type (Condenser & Evaporator)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning

(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature

TYPES OF AC:
Split Type (Condenser & Evaporator)

Heating, Ventilating & Air

Conditioning
(HVAC) process of treating
air to control its temperature

TYPES OF AC:
Split Type (Condenser &
Evaporator)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning

(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature
Variable Air Volume

A simple VAV System

includes the following:
Central air handler with
variable-volume supply fan, a
cooling coil, possibly a heat
coil controls, filters, a mixing
box, and a return or relief fan
Supply duct
VAV "box," with a thermostat

and supply diffusers for each

independently controlled
space
Thermostat and unit controller
Return plenum or duct

VAV

All-air systems fall into two

general categories - constant
volume and variable air volume
(VAV). Constant air volume
systems accomplish cooling
and heating by varying the
supply air temperature and
keeping the air volume
constant.
VAV systems keep the air
temperature constant and vary
the air supply volume. VAV
systems are easy to control, are
energy efficient, and allow fairly
good room control. A drawback
is possible poor ventilation
under low load conditions, and
humidity control is difficult
under widely varying latent
loads.

CAV

A Continuous Air Volume system uses fans and

ducts to distribute air through a large volume of
space. Return ducts then send used air back to
the fans and heaters for reconditioning. As the
name implies, this type of system is great for large,
continuous spaces, rather than smaller, divided
buildings. One key point of a CAV is that the
temperature and air quality can be precisely
controlled. This is important for hospitals or
laboratories.
CAV systems include using aconstant air volume
reheat system, a multi-zone system, and a furnace.
Ductwork is kept to a minimum here, and as we all
know, there is never enough room for ductwork
anyway.

CAV

CAV
The multi-zone
system (shown
above) separates
spaces somewhat
like a Variable Air
Volume, or VAV,
system. The main
large space is
controlled exactly
like a normal CAV,
but the smaller
areas can have their
own thermostat and
ducting from the
fan.

CAV
The multi-zone
system (shown
above) separates
spaces somewhat
like a Variable Air
Volume, or VAV,
system. The main
large space is
controlled exactly
like a normal CAV,
but the smaller
areas can have their
own thermostat and
ducting from the
fan.

Toners AC

Cooling Tower

Centralized Air Conditioning

Air Handling Unit (AHU)

Fan Coil Unit

Air
Curtain