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Quantum Numbers : By. 1. Sonia Sharma Class: 11 B'

The document discusses the four quantum numbers - principal (n), angular momentum (l), magnetic (ml), and spin (ms) - that are used to describe the characteristics of an electron in an atom. The principal quantum number (n) indicates the electron's energy level and distance from the nucleus. The angular momentum quantum number (l) determines the orbital shape. The magnetic quantum number (ml) specifies the spatial orientation of the orbital. The spin quantum number (ms) can have values of +1/2 or -1/2 to indicate the electron's spin. These quantum numbers allow electrons to be uniquely identified in an atom.

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Ricky Sharma
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493 views11 pages

Quantum Numbers : By. 1. Sonia Sharma Class: 11 B'

The document discusses the four quantum numbers - principal (n), angular momentum (l), magnetic (ml), and spin (ms) - that are used to describe the characteristics of an electron in an atom. The principal quantum number (n) indicates the electron's energy level and distance from the nucleus. The angular momentum quantum number (l) determines the orbital shape. The magnetic quantum number (ml) specifies the spatial orientation of the orbital. The spin quantum number (ms) can have values of +1/2 or -1/2 to indicate the electron's spin. These quantum numbers allow electrons to be uniquely identified in an atom.

Uploaded by

Ricky Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Quantum

numbers
By.1.SoniaSharma

Class:11thB

QuantumNumbers
PRINCIPAL:nenergylevel,
thedistancetheorbitalisfromthenucleus
(1,2,3,4)
ANGULARMOMENTUM:l
(s=0,p=1,d=2,f=3)

shape

MAGNETIC:mlspatialorientation
(0fors;1,0,+1forp;2,1,0,+1,+2ford,etc.)
SPIN:msspin(+1/2or1/2)

Review

Atomicnumber=#electrons
Electronsoccupyorbitalsdefinedbyn,l,m
Eachorbitalcanholdtwoelectrons
Orbitalsdiffuseelectroncloud
lowerenergyelectronclosertonucleus
Outerelectrons:valencemostreactive

Principalquantumnumber
Theprincipalquantumnumberhasthesymboln.
n=1,2,3,4,......shells
(n=K,L,M,N,......)
Theelectronsenergydependsprincipallyonn.

Angularmomentumquantum
number
TheAngularmomentumquantumnumberhasthe
symbol .
=0,1,2,3,4,5,.......(n1)
= s,p,d,f,g,h,.......(n1)

tellsustheshapeoftheorbitals.
Theseorbitalsarethevolumearoundtheatomthatthe
electronsoccupy9095%ofthetime.

Magneticquantumnumber
Thesymbolforthemagneticquantumnumberism,
representing the spatial orientation.
m = - , (- + 1), (- +2), .....0, ......., ( -2), ( -1),

If=0(oransorbital),thenm = 0.
If =1(oraporbital),thenm = 1,0,+1.

z
x

If =2(oradorbital),thenm = 2,1,0,+1,+2.

If =3(oranforbital),thenm = 3,2,1,0,+1,+2,+3.

Theoretically,thisseriescontinuesontog,h,i,etc

Spinquantumnumber
Thelastquantumnumberisthespin
quantumnumberwhichhasthesymbolms.
Thespinquantumnumberonlyhastwo
possiblevalues.
ms=+1/2or1/2

Spinofelectron

Spinquantumnumbereffects:
Everyorbitalcanholduptotwoelectrons.
ConsequenceofthePauliExclusionPrinciple.

Thetwoelectronsaredesignatedashaving
onespinupandonespindown

Spindescribesthedirectionoftheelectronsmagneticfields.

QuantumNumbers
PRINCIPAL:nenergylevel,distancefrom
orbital(1,2,3,4)
ANGULARMOMENTUM:l
(s=0,p=1,d=2,f=3)

shape

MAGNETIC:mlspatialorientation
(0fors;1,0,+1forp;2,1,0,+1,+2ford,etc.)

SPIN:msspin(+1/2or1/2)

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