Brick Presentation

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Page 1
History Of Bricks
Brick have been used all

over the world in every
class and kind of building.
At present India has the
production capacity to
manufacture over one
lakh crore brick through
about 45000 local kilns
in an unorganized sector
The brick do not required
dressing and the art of
lay bricks is so simple
that the brick work can
be carried out with the
help of unskilled labour.
The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in

rectangular block of uniform size and then by drying
and burning this blocks.
As bricks are uniform size they can properly arranged.
The common brick is one of the oldest building
material.
It is extensively used at present as a leading material
of construction, because
of durability,
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Templates strength, low
Page 2
Qualities Of Good Bricks

table-moulded, well burnt in kilns, copper
colored, free from cracks, sharp and square
edges, uniform and bright color
uniform and standard size
bright, homogenous and uniform compact
structure
should not absorb more than 20% by weight for
1st class bricks and 22% by weight for 2nd class
bricks, when soaked in water for 24 hours
sufficiently hard
low thermal conductivity, sound proof
crushing strength below 5.50 N/mm sq
Page 3
Tests For Bricks

ABSORBTION
A brick is taken and it is weighed dry.
It is then immersed in water for a period of 16 hours.
It is weighed again and the difference in weight indicates the
amount of water absorbed by the brick.
It should not, in any case, exceed 20% of weight of dry brick.
CRUSHING STRENGTH
The crushing strength of a brick is found out by placing it in a
compression testing machine.
It is pressed till it breaks.
As per BIS: 1077-1957, the minimum crushing or
compressive strength of bricks is 3.50 N/mm2.
The bricks with crushing strength of 7 to 14 N/mm2 are
graded as A and those having above 14 N/mm are graded as
AA.
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HARDNESS
In this test, a scratch is made on brick surface with the
help of a finger nail.
If no impression is left on the surface, the brick is
treated to be sufficiently hard.
SHAPE AND SIZE

In this test, a brick is closely inspected.
It should be of standard size and its shape should be
truly rectangle with sharp edges.
SOUNDNESS
In this test, two bricks are taken and they are struck
with each other.
The bricks should not break and a clear ringing sound
should be produce.
STRUCTURE
A brick is broken and its structure is examined.
It should be homogeneous, compact and free from any
defects such as holes, lumps, etc.
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ADVANTAGES
If plaster is to be provided on sand lime bricks, the

quantity of mortar required will be less as bricks are
uniform in size and shape.
The calcium silicate products are available in brick,
block and tile forms. They thus permit wider uses in
housing and building construction.
The masonry work of these bricks offer the architects
considerable flexibility to produce complex shapes,
intricate designs and different surface finishes given
a pleasant visual effect.
The raw material of these bricks do not contain any
soluble salt. Hence, trouble of efflorescence does not
arise.
These bricks are uniform in colour n texture.
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These bricks can be prepared where clay is

scare. In other words, the adoption of these
bricks relives pressure on the agricultural land.
These bricks have accurate size and shape
with straight edges and true rectangular faces.
These bricks have better water repellant
properties and noise reduction coefficients and
they grant protection from fire.
These bricks present a clean appearance and
hence, the plastering may be avoided.
The use of coloured sand-lime bricks offer
permanent finish to the wall without extra cost.
The wastage of calcium silicate products is
less, say within 1% or so
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DISADVANTAGES
These bricks are not suitable for furnace
brickwork because they will disintegrate, if
exposed to heat for a long time.
These bricks are weak in offering resistance to
the abrasion. Hence, they cannot be used as
paving material.
These bricks cannot be used as foundation
work as they are less water resistant than clay
bricks.
Wherever suitable clay for the manufacture of
clay bricks is available in plenty, these bricks
will prove to be un economical.
Page 8
Functions Stabilizers in Bricks

Stabilizer material in the Bricks will do the following:
(i) cementing/binding the soil particles together making
the product stronger
(ii) water proofing - reducing the amount of voids and
water which can be absorbed by the Bricks
(iii) reducing the shrinkage and swelling properties of
Bricks
(iv) increase the tensile strength of Bricks.
Some Commonly Used Stabilizers are:
(i) cement
(ii) lime
(iii) combination of lime and cement
(iv) combination of lime and Pozzolana
(v) asphalt
(vi) burning clay bricks
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BRICK FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION OF A 1
BRICK TH WALL
Page 12
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BONDS IN
BRICKWORK
Page 14
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TO BUILD A
ARCH
Page 17
Page 18
Arch Types: Segmental
Arch Types: Semicircular
Arch Types: Jack

Arch Types: Bullseye
Page 19
Arch Types: Horseshoe
Arch Types: Multicentered
Arch Types: Venetian
Page 20
Arch Types: Tudor
Arch Types: Triangular
Arch Types: Gothic

Page 21
Brick vaults
are
constructed
in the same
manner as
common
brick arches.
Page 22
SERPENTINE
WALL
Plan showing the method of maintaining

the true alignment of a serpentine wall
throughout
itsTemplates
height
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Page 23
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Page 25
BRICKS IN PAVEMENT
A - PAVEMENT
B - EDGING
C - MORTAR
D - COURSE SAND
E - RUBBLE
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BRICK
JALI
Page 28
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Page 30
Maintenance of brickwork
1. Mortar
Well-built clay brickwork is virtually maintenance free.
The brick color will not fade and the only obvious
reparation
maybe that after many years, the joint faces may
require re-pointing. However, if the correct mix
proportions are
used appropriate to the exposure factor, this will not be
for many years.
2. Graffiti
Keeping the brickwork free of graffiti can now be
accomplished by the use of a range of graffiti removing
materials,
which will not harm the brick or the joint. Such materials
are readily availableFree
from
most builders
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Templates merchants, and
Page 31
although they are not able to deter potential graffiti
3.Efflorescence, Algae, Lichen

Persistent efflorescence, extensive salt
staining from within the brickwork and
vegetable growth on the brickwork are due
to excessively wet conditions. In such cases,
it is necessary to overhaul faulty flashing
and damp proof courses, repair leaking
rainwater down-pipes, renew copings, etc.
Particular areas of masonry that can
encourage lichen, moss, etc. are free
standing boundary walls, adjacent to trees. If
this does occur, then the application of a
proprietary weed killer will not harm the
brickwork, and will rid those areas of
masonry which are likely to become
saturated, such as
below
expanses of window, parapets and copings.Page 32
4. General Staining, i.e. dirt

Staining in brickwork is generally
due to external causes but
sometimes may result from salts in
the brickwork itself.
Staining can mar the appearance of
brickwork but incorrect cleaning
techniques can cause permanent
damage.
Consequently, any proposed
method of cleaning should be tried
out in a small unobtrusive area and
left for as long
as possible, (at least a week or so)
to judge the results, before the
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whole job isFree
tackled
Page 33
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Brick Presentation

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Brick have been used all

The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in

Qualities Of Good Bricks

Tests For Bricks

SHAPE AND SIZE

If plaster is to be provided on sand lime bricks, the

These bricks can be prepared where clay is

Functions Stabilizers in Bricks

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Arch Types: Segmental

Arch Types: Semicircular

Arch Types: Jack

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Arch Types: Horseshoe

Arch Types: Multicentered

Arch Types: Venetian

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Arch Types: Tudor

Arch Types: Triangular

Arch Types: Gothic

Plan showing the method of maintaining

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Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

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3.Efflorescence, Algae, Lichen

4. General Staining, i.e. dirt

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