Site layout optimization

Site layout
The construction of a building can be considered
as production with temporary factory. The
building site being the factory in which the
building contractor will make the product on site
Site layoutcan be defined as site space
allocation for material storage, working areas,
units of accommodation, plant positions,
general circulation areas, and also access and
egress for deliveries and emergency services in
construction project.
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 The building site have to be carefully

controlled so that:
The operatives of construction have the
right
machinery
in
the
most
advantageous position.
The materials stored with care so that
they are readily available and not
interfering with general site circulation.
An adequate storage spacing for
construction materials on site.
Site accommodation and complete
facilities for construction workforce.
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Key factors of site layout:

Site layout involves a preliminary assessment of
plant, materials and manpower requirements plotted
against the proposed construction programme. Key
factors influencing the choice of site layout are set
out below:
Site access considerations
Materials storage considerations
Staff accommodation considerations
Temporary services considerations
Plant location considerations
Fencing and hoarding considerations
Safety and health considerations
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Example of project site layout

Temporary facilities
Temporary facilities are needed to support the
construction process.
The arrangement of these facilities can improve
the productivity of construction process.
Some example of project temporary facilities:
Main office (direksi keet) & project fence
Fabrication area (steel, wood, schafold,etc.)
Lighting & pump for dewatering
Vertical transportation (Tower crane, Material
lift)
Worker basecamp, etc.
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Main office
Main office is functioned as project office
for meeting /coordinating purpose.
Project offices area is depend on the
project scope.
Besides functioned as project office, some
main office (especially for commercial
building such as Trade centre, apartement)
is also functioned as marketing office.

Common main office

(Direksi keet)

Container main office

Project fence

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Worker Basecamp

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Fabrication area
Fabrication areas are needed to fabricate
structural components, such as: steel,
timber, schafold, etc.
These areas are need to be placed near
the warehouse in order to short the
traveling distance.
Example of fabrication areas:
Steel fabrication area
Wood/ timber fabrication area
Schafold fabrication/ setup area
Other areas..
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Steel & reinforcement

fabrication area

Reinforcement store and

fabrication area

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Timber store and formwork

fabrication area

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Electricity for (night)

construction

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Pump & dewatering

Mobile pump

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Vertical transportation
Veritical transportation is used to transport
raw material vertically. There are several
type of vertical transportation device used
to be utilized in construction site:
Tower crane, mobile crane
Material lift

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Tower crane

Single Tower Crane

GroupTower Crane

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Mobile crane

Dragline

MobileCrane

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Method to optimize site layout

Why do we need to optimize site layout?
Every project has different condition
and available space for construction
process.
Project site layout will influence the
project productivity
Project site layout will influence the
safety level of construction process.

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Equal vs un-equal site layout

If the number of project facilites equal to
the number of available space in the
project location, then we can say that the
project has Equal site layout.
Conversely, If the number of project
facilites are unequal to the number of
available space in the project location,
then we can say the project has unequal
site layout

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Original site layout

Optimal site layout

Minimizing Traveling distance

(Td)
MinimazingTraveling
Distance (TD):

j
i

dij
dik

Where:
dij= traveling distance between
facility i to facility j
fij= worker movement frequenc
between facility i to facility

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Minimizing Safety condition (Sc)

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Safety Condition (SC):

j
i

dij
dik

ZONE 1

ZONE 2

Where:
sij= safety condition between
facility i to facility j
fij= worker movement frequenc
between facility i to facility

Multi-objective function
Traveling distance (TD) function

Safety condition (Sc) function

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Case study
100

Schafolding
fabrication

Worker
basecamp

80

1
MAIN
BUILDING

Tower
crane

ZONE 1

60

ZONE 2

40

Reinforcement
fabrication

15

Main office

Warehouse

0
0

10

50

70

80

100

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Optimization calculation
Traveling distance (TD)

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Pareto front

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Practice

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