Site Layout & Temporary

Buildings
 Contents

•Introduction
•Definition
•Knowledge of the site
•Planning Site Layouts
•Conclusion
•Problem Based Learning
–Proposed Site Layout
 Introduction
• The construction of a building can be considered as
production with temporary ‘factory’
• The building site being the ‘factory’ in which the building
contractor will make the product
• The building site have to be carefully controlled so that:
– The operatives have the right machines in the most advantageous
position
– The materials stored so that they are readily available and not
interfering with general site circulation
– Adequate storage space for construction materials
– Site Accommodation and facilities for staff
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 Definition
What is Site Layout?
Site Layout can be defined as:
Site Space Allocation for
• material storage
• working areas
• units of accommodation
• plant positions
• general circulation areas.
• Access and egress for deliveries and emergency
services.
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 Knowledge of the site

• It is important to acquire the knowledge of the

site before setting out the site layout.
• The knowledge about the site can be obtained
from:
• Contract Document
• Site Investigation
• Information from Local Authority
 Knowledge of the site
Knowledge from contract document:
• Plant schedule
– This can be prepared in the form of a bar chart and method
statements showing requirements and utilization which will
help in deciding equipment and space for plant
accommodation will be needed on site
• Material Schedule
– Basic data can be obtained from the bill of quantities. The
contractor can predict the delivery periods and the amount of
site space and/or accommodation required.
• Labour summary
– Basic data obtained from the bill of quantities and pre-tender
bar chart programme to establish number of subcontract trades
required. Also the quantity and type of site personnel
accommodation required.
 Knowledge of the site
Knowledge from site investigation:
• Access to site
– On and off-site access, road and rail facilities, distances involved
and bridge weight or height limitations on approach routes.
• Staff
− Travel distances, availability of local trade contractors, specialist
contractors, local rates of pay and facilities to be provided e.g.
site accommodation, catering, health and safety equipment.
• Temporary Services
– Available power and water supplies together with rates of
payment or services already on site, diversion required and the
time element involved in carrying out any necessary diversion
together with cost implications.
Common services trench
 Knowledge of the site
Knowledge from site investigation (Cont.):
• Security
– Local vandalism and pilfering record, security contractors
facilities, need for night security, fencing hoarding requirements
to prevent trespass and to protect people in the vicinity.
• Site clearance and demolition
– neighbouring properties, preservation orders, trees, demolition
problems and special insurance considerations.
• Ground composition
– General site conditions such as nature of soil, height of water
table, flooding risks, tidal waters

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Knowledge of the site

Hand auger
Knowledge of the site

Borehole log
 Knowledge of the site
• Knowledge from local authority
(planning, highways, building departments)
– Permission to develop
• To ascertain the viability of the proposal
– Access roads and facilities are adequate
• Proposed alteration and improvement are acceptable
– Follow outline approval
• Detail planning application is necessary
 Planning Site Layouts
When planning site layouts the following must be
taken into account:

• Site Activities
• Efficiency
• Facilities & Accommodation
 Planning Site Layouts
Site Activities
• The time needed for carrying out the principal activities can
be estimated
i. the data obtained previously for preparing the material
e.g. rate of placing concrete will be determined by the output of the
mixer
ii. labour requirements
e.g. speed of transporting the mix to the appropriate positions.
• Alternatives which can be considered are:
– More than one mixer, regulated supply of ready mix concrete or on
large contracts, pumping the concrete to the placing position
• All alternatives methods for any activity will give different
requirements for staff numbers, material storage, access
facilities and possibly plant types and numbers
 Planning Site Layouts
Efficiency
• To achieve maximum efficiency the site layout must aim at
maintaining the desired output of the planned activities. This
will depend largely upon the following factors:
• Avoidance, as far as practicable of double handling materials
• Walking distance are kept to a minimum to reduce the non productive
time spent in covering the distance between working, rest and storage
areas
 Planning Site Layouts
Efficiency (Cont…)
• Avoidance of loss by the elements
– provide adequate protection for unfixed material on site, thereby
preventing time loss and cost of replacing damage materials
– Proper store keeping arrangements to ensure that the materials are of
the correct type, in the correct quantity and are available when
required
Planning Site Layouts

Cement storage
Planning Site Layouts

Aggregate storage
Storage of timber
Efficiency (Cont…)
• Avoidance of loss by theft and vandalism
– provide security arrangements by having adequate hoardings and
fences.
• Avoidance of loss due to pilfering by site staff
– provide adequate system of stores’ requisition and material
checking procedures
• Minimising on-site traffic congestion
– plan delivery arrivals,
– provide adequate parking facilities for staff cars and mobile
machinery when not in use,
– provide sufficient turning circle room for the type of delivery
vehicles likely to enter site
 Planning Site Layouts
Facilities & Accommodation
The main contractor is obliged to provide a safe, healthy
place of work and safe system of work, plant and equipment
which are not a risk to health:
• A safe place of work
• Safe access and egress from place of work
• Safe system of work
• Safe items of plant and equipment
• Suitable and adequate training, supervision and instruction in the use
of equipment
• Suitable and appropriate PPE
• Material and substances which are safe to use
 Planning Site Layouts
Facilities & Accommodation
Apart from legislative necessities, the main area of concern
will be sizing, equipping and assigned a location to the
various units of accommodations such as:
• Mess Hut
• Toilets
• First aid rooms
• Offices – Contractor’s supervisory staff, Clerk of work, Reception of
material or security
• Lock up store
• Storage compound for major materials
• Timber store and formwork fabrication area
• Reinforcement store and fabrication area
• Scaffold store
 Planning Site Layouts
Facilities & Accommodation (Cont…)

• Car parking areas

• Plant and machineries area i.e. Tower crane, concrete deliveries, sand
and cement storage, and site mixer
• Fencing or hoarding
• Services
• Site Identification
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 Planning Site Layouts
• Facilities & Accommodation (Cont…)
 Conclusion

• The planning of a site layout in practice will depend

upon a number of factors such as the time and
money

• The need for careful site layout and site organization

planning becomes more relevant as the size and
complexity of the operation increases, and
especially where spare site space is very limited.
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 Conclusion
• Main gate
• Hoarding Fencing
• Uncovered Storage Area
• Covered Storage Area
• Car Park
• Site Office
• Access Road/ Traffic in Site
• Tower Crane
• Workers Mess / Rumah Kongsi
• Sign Board
• Guard House
Problem Based Learning