Sap Hana

SAP Hana
...
SAP HANA
Slide 2
2011
ALFATEC Group d.o.o.
How did HANA evolve?
Slide 3
2011
A Shift of Frontiers in Computer Science

Tape is Dead
Disk is Tape
Main Memory is Disk
CPU Cache is Main Memory
Slide 4
2011
What is SAP HANA?

SAP HANA is an in-memory data platform, at its core, it is an innovative inmemory relational database management system that makes full use of the
capabilities of current hardware to increase application performance.
SAP HANA runs on multi-core CPUs with fast communication between
processor cores, and containing terabytes of main memory.
With SAP HANA, all data is available in main memory, which avoids the
performance penalty of disk I/O.
Either disk or solid-state drives are still required for permanent persistency
in the event of a power failure or some other catastrophe.
This does not slow down performance, however, because the required
backup operations to disk can take place asynchronously as a background
task.
Slide 5
2011
In-Memory Computing Engine and

Surroundings
Slide 6
2011
What is SAP HANA appliance?

SAP HANA appliance is a
flexible,
multi-purpose,
data-source agonistic in-memory appliance that combines SAP software components
optimized on hardware provided, and delivered, by SAPs leading hardware partners
such as
Dell,
Cisco,
IBM,
HP,
Fujitsu, and
Intel and
Alfatec Group .
It includes a number of integrated SAP software components including the
SAP HANA database,
real-time replication services,
data services,
data and
lifecycle management,
support for multiple interfaces based on industry standards and easy to use data
modeling tool called SAP HANA studio.
Slide 7
2011
HANA Combines Software and Hardware
In-Memory Computing Engine (Software)
Pre-Installed Systems (Hardware)
Slide 8
2011
What is SAP HANA?
Slide 9
2011
SAP In-Memory Appliance (SAP HANA)

SAP HANA
In-Memory software +
hardware (HP, IBM, Fujitsu, Cisco, Dell)
Data Modeling and Data Management
Real-time Data Replication
SAP BusinessObjects Data Services
for ETL capabilities from
SAP Business Suite,
SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse
(SAP NetWeaver BW),
and 3rd Party Systems
Slide 10
2011
HANA on BOBJ - Across entire BI Suite

Business Objects is the only supported
BI tool certificated on HANA
4.0 fully supports HANA
including SAP Explorer on HANA
and SAP Analysis Clients
3.1 SP4 supports HANA as a
Universe source and direct
connections with Crystal Reports
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2011
SAP Analysis Office on HANA
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2011
SAP HANA System Landscape
Slide 13
2011
SAP HANA Architecture
Slide 14
2011
Business Intelligence Clients and SAP

HANA
Slide 15
2011
How do I acquire data into Hana?

SAP BusinessObjects Data Services and SAP HANA
LT Replication Concept: Trigger-Based Approach
Landscape Transformation - Replication Server for SAP HANA
Slide 16
2011
SAP BusinessObjects Data Services and SAP HANA

Data Services is the engine to load all data into HANA
The HANA Modeler will generate initial loading jobs
Modeler will use Data Services to browse and import external metadata
Modeler will generate initial flows to load data into HANA tables
Further modifications to flows done via Data Services Designer
SAP Business Objects Data Services (DS) is positioned for batch load-based data replication
from non-SAP sources and SAP sources (with complex ETL requirements)
-> Mainly recommended for batch type data replication business scenarios
Slide 17
2011
SAP LT Replication Server for SAP HANA

The SAP Landscape Transformation (LT) Replication Server is the SAP technology
that allows you to load and replicate data in real-time from SAP source systems and
non-SAP source systems to an SAP HANA environment
The SAP LT Replication Server uses a trigger-based replication approach to pass
data from the source system to the target system.
The SAP LT Replication Server can be installed either as a separate SAP system, or if
the technical prerequisites permit, on an SAP source system.
Slide 18
2011
LT Replication Concept: Trigger-Based Approach
Slide 19
2011
In-Memory Relational Engines Data Storage

A database table is conceptually a two-dimensional data structure organized in rows
and columns. Computer memory, in contrast, is organized as a linear structure.
A table can be represented in row-order or column-order.
A row-oriented organization stores a table as a sequence of records.
Conversely, in column storage the entries of a column are stored in contiguous
memory locations.
SAP HANA supports both, but is particularly optimized for column-order storage.
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2011
In-Memory Relational Engines
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2011
Row Store
Row Store - One of the relational engines
Interfaced from calculation / execution layer
Pure in-memory store
Persistence managed in persistence layer
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2011
Indexes for Row Store Tables

Each row-store table has a primary index
Primary index maps ROW ID primary key of table
ROW ID: a number specifying for each record its memory segment and
page
Secondary indexes can be created if needed
Persistence of indexes in row store
Indexes in row store only exist in memory
No persistence of index data
Index definition stored with table metadata
Indexes filled on-the-fly when system loads tables into memory on
system start-up
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2011
Column Store
Column Store - One of the relational engines
Interfaced from calculation / execution layer
Pure in-memory store
Persistence managed in persistence layer
Optimized for high performance of read operation
Good performance of write operations
Efficient data compression
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2011
Column Store Delta Management

Delta Merge Operation
Purpose
To move changes in delta storage into the compressed and read optimized
main storage
Characteristics
Happens asynchronously
Even during merge operation the columnar table will be still available for read
and write operations
To fulfil this requirement, a second delta and main storage are used internally
Slide 25
2011
Persistence Layer
Why Does An In-memory Database Need A Persistence Layer?
Main Memory is volatile. What happens upon
Database restart?
Power outage?
...
Data needs to be stored in a non-volatile way
Backup and restore
SAP in-memory computing engine offers one persistence layer which is

used by row store and column store
Regular savepoints
full persisted image of DB at time of savepoint
Logs capturing all DB transactions since last savepoint (redo logs and undo logs
written)
restore DB from latest savepoint onwards
Ability to create "snapshots
used for backups
Slide 26
2011
Row Store vs. Column Store - When to Use Which Store

Modeling Only Possible For Column Tables
This answers the frequently asked question:
"Where should I put a table row store or column store?
Information Modeler only works with column tables
Replication server creates tables in column store per default
Data Services creates tables in column store per default
SQL to create column table: "CREATE COLUMN TABLE ...
Store can be changed with "ALTER TABLE
System Tables Are Created Where They Fit Best

Administrative tables in row store:
Schema SYS - caches, administrative tables of engine
Tables from statistics server
Administrative tables in column store:
Schema _SYS_BI - metadata of created views + master data for MDX
Schema _SYS_BIC - some generated tables for MDX
Schema _SYS_REPO - e.g. lists of active/modified versions of models
Slide 27
2011
SAP HANA Studio
Slide 28
2011
Information Modeler Terminology

Data
Attributes descriptive data (known as Characteristics SAP BW terminology)
Measures data that can be quantified and calculated (known as key figures in
SAP BW)
Views
Attribute Views i.e. Dimensions
Analytic Views i.e. Cubes
Calculation Views similar to virtual provider with services concept in BW
Hierarchies
Leveled based on multiple attributes
Parent-child hierarchy
Analytic Privilege security object
Slide 29
2011
SAP HANA Modeling Fundementals
Slide 30
2011
SAP HANA Modeling Best Practices
Slide 31
2011
SAP HANA Studio

Navigator View - Default Catalog
Slide 32
2011
SAP HANA Studio

Navigator View - Information Models
Slide 33
2011
Attribute Views
Attribute View
What is an Attribute View?
Attributes add context to data.
Attributes are modeled using Attribute Views.
Can be regarded as Master Data tables
Can be linked to fact tables in Analytical Views
A measure e.g. weight can be defined as an attribute.
Table Joins and Properties
Join Types
leftOuter, rightOuter,
fullOuter, textTable
Cardinality
1:1
N:1
1:N
Language Column
Slide 34
2011
Create Attribute view

From Package:
To Create attribute view, right click on the package and choose New and then attribute view
Slide 35
2011

From Quick Launch,
choose Attribute view, and then click Create button( choose the correct Package)
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2011

Choose the correct type of Attribute view required.
STANDARD : Give you empty attribute view
COPY FROM : One can easily copy from an existing attribute view
TIME will create both view and data for time attributes data month etc.
DERIVED :will create new attribute view with the existing one , but with same definition and an new name
Slide 37
2011

Attribute view created. But still there is no data
Slide 38
2011

Drag and Drop the fields in the DATA FOUNDATION in the Scenario TAB
Slide 39
2011

Creating table joins
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2011

Creating table joins
Slide 41
2011

Saving and Activating View
Slide 42
2011
Analytical Views
Analytical View
An Analytical View can be regarded as a cube.
Analytical Views does not store any data.
The data is stored in column store or table
view based on the Analytical View Structure.
Star schema consist of one fact table
containing the key figures
Dimensions describe the key figures and
enrich the data
Slicing and dicing is a feature whereby users
can take out (slicing) a specific set of data
and view (dicing) the slices from different
viewpoints
Cardinality in star schemas is generally
N:1 fact to dimension
Joins in star schemas are generally
Left Outer Joins
Analytical models are highly optimized
for aggregating mass data
Slide 43
2011
Analytical View: Data Preview

There are three main views one can select from when previewing data.
Raw Data table format of data
Distinct Values graphical and text format identifying unique values
Analysis select fields (attributes and measures) to display in graphical format.
Slide 44
2011
Create Analytical View

Directly click on 'Analytic View' in 'Quick Launch' screen or
Right click on your package --> New ---> Analytic View.
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2011

Create an Information View
Slide 46
2011

Add Tables
Slide 47
2011

Add Joins
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2011

Add Output Columns
Slide 49
2011

Semantics view
Slide 50
2011

Dimensions, measures and aggregates
Slide 51
2011

Save and validate, Save and Activate
Slide 52
2011

Data preview Raw Data
Slide 53
2011

Generated SQL
Slide 54
2011
Slide 55
2011
Calculation View
Several options available
Use the Graphical Modeler
Write SQL Script and use CE Functions
Write SQL Script and using SQL
Suggested option
= Graphical Modeler
No SQL or SQL Script knowledge
required
Built-in Union Constant support
Graphical &
SQL Script + CE Functions
Result in similar performance gains
(e.g. Field pruning, Parallelization,
join ommision)
Standard SQL
Does not provide field pruning and can
be less optimized.
Useful for POCs and rapid prototyping
Slide 56
2011
Calculation View SQL vs CE Functions

Calculation Engine (CE) Functions
Preferred over SQL
Improved performance,
can be optimized by the engine (i.e. field pruning & parallelized)
Slide 57
2011
Create Graphical Calculation View

New Calculation View
Slide 58
2011

Select objects for Calculation
Slide 59
2011

Tools
Slide 60
2011

Tools - Union
Slide 61
2011

Attributes, measures, hierarchies, etc ...
Slide 62
2011
Slide 63
2011
Application libraries
SAP HANA In-Memory Computing Engine offers various algorithms for inmemory computing.
It provides several application libraries for developers, partners, and
customers who develop applications that run on SAP HANA.
The libraries are linked dynamically to the SAP HANA database kernel.
Slide 64
2011
Business Function Library (BFL)

The Business Function Library (BFL) is one of these application libraries.
It contains pre-built parameter-driven functions in the financial area.
The functions are implemented by C++.
This library helps you develop compound business algorithms that are fully
compliant with the SAP HANA calculation engine.
Slide 65
2011

The following lists some functions in the Business Function Library.
Function
Description
Discounted Cash Flow
Converts a future stream of cash flow to constant prices. It calculates the inflated value of
today's money.
Forecast
Combines actual and forecast data to produce a rolling forecast. Eliminates scripting of feeds.
Future
Calculates the closing balance of an account given the start balance and the conditions under
which the account runs.
Inflated Cash Flow
Calculates the amount of cash you must receive in a future period to compensate for inflation.
...
...
...
...
Slide 66
2011

Inflated Cash Flow
In order to compensate inflation, this function calculates the cash amount in a specific future period that you
need to receive.
Formula
Where,
r = discount rate expressed as a decimal fraction,
n = number of periods into the future
Input tables
Name
Direction
Number of
Columns
Column Type
Column Name
Description
Prime
Input Table
Double
PRIME
Prime/base value
Time
Input Table
String
TIME
The periods to be calculated
Rate
Input Table
Double
RATE
Discount rate
APR
Input Table
Double
APR
=annual % by default = annual rate (rate=%/100)

= Periodic % = Periodic rate
Switchover
Input Table
Double
SWITCHOVER
The switchover date defines the last historic

period
Switchover date
Input Table
String
SWITCOVERDATE
Specify the switchover date
Output tables
Name
Direction
Number of Columns
Column Type
Column Name
Description
Result
Output Table
DOUBLE
RESULT
Constant value
Slide 67
2011

Inflated Cash Flow
Example
SET SCHEMA BFL_TEST;
DROP TABLE BFL_ICF_PRIME_TBL;
CREATE COLUMN TABLE BFL_ICF_PRIME_TBL( "PRIME" DOUBLE ) ;
INSERT INTO BFL_ICF_PRIME_TBL VALUES (1000) ;
DROP TABLE BFL_ICF_TIME_TBL;
CREATE COLUMN TABLE BFL_ICF_TIME_TBL( "TIME" VARCHAR(255)) ;
INSERT INTO BFL_ICF_TIME_TBL VALUES ('20120101') ;
-- CREATE COLUMN TABLE !!!
-- CREATE COLUMN TABLE !!!
DROP TABLE BFL_ICF_RATE_TBL;

CREATE COLUMN TABLE BFL_ICF_RATE_TBL( "RATE" DOUBLE ) ;
INSERT INTO BFL_ICF_RATE_TBL VALUES (0.1) ;
DROP TABLE BFL_ICF_RESULTS_TBL ;
CREATE COLUMN TABLE BFL_ICF_RESULTS_TBL ( "RESULT" DOUBLE);
CALL _SYS_AFL.AFLBFL_INFLATEDCASHFLOW_PROC(
BFL_ICF_PRIME_TBL,
BFL_ICF_TIME_TBL,
BFL_ICF_RATE_TBL, BFL_ICF_APR_TBL,
BFL_ICF_SWITCHOVER_TBL, BFL_ICF_SWITCHOVERDATE_TBL,
BFL_ICF_RESULTS_TBL) WITH OVERVIEW;
SELECT * FROM BFL_ICF_RESULTS_TBL;

Slide 68
2011
Predictive Analysis Library

The Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) defines functions that can be called from within
SQLScript procedures to perform analytic algorithms
This release of PAL includes classic and universal predictive analysis algorithms in seven
data-mining categories:
Clustering
Classification
Association
Time Series
Preprocessing
Social Network Analysis
Miscellaneous
The algorithms in PAL were carefully selected based on the following criteria:
The algorithms are needed for SAP HANA applications.
The algorithms are the most commonly used based on market surveys (e.g. Rexer Analytics and KDnuggets polls).
The algorithms are generally available in other database products.
Application functions are like database procedures written in C++ and called from outside to perform data intensive and
complex operations
Slide 69
2011
R - statistical computing and graphics

R is an open source programming language and software environment for statistical
computing and graphics.
The R language has become very popular among statisticians and data miners for
developing statistical software and is widely used for advanced data analysis.
The goal of the integration of the SAP HANA database with R is to enable the embedding of R
code in the SAP HANA database context.
That is, the SAP HANA database allows R code to be processed in-line as part of the overall
query execution plan.
SAP does not ship the R environment with the SAP HANA database, as R is open source and is
available under the General Public License.
SAP does not provide support for R. In order to use the SAP HANA integration with R, you need
to download R from the open-source community and configure it.
Slide 70
2011

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SAP Hana

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

How did HANA evolve?

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

A Shift of Frontiers in Computer Science

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

What is SAP HANA?

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

In-Memory Computing Engine and

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

What is SAP HANA appliance?

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

HANA Combines Software and Hardware

In-Memory Computing Engine (Software)

Pre-Installed Systems (Hardware)

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

What is SAP HANA?

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP In-Memory Appliance (SAP HANA)

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

HANA on BOBJ - Across entire BI Suite

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP Analysis Office on HANA

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP HANA System Landscape

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP HANA Architecture

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

Business Intelligence Clients and SAP

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

How do I acquire data into Hana?

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP BusinessObjects Data Services and SAP HANA

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP LT Replication Server for SAP HANA

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

LT Replication Concept: Trigger-Based Approach

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

In-Memory Relational Engines Data Storage

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

In-Memory Relational Engines

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

Indexes for Row Store Tables

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

Column Store Delta Management

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP in-memory computing engine offers one persistence layer which is

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

Row Store vs. Column Store - When to Use Which Store

System Tables Are Created Where They Fit Best

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP HANA Studio

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

Information Modeler Terminology

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP HANA Modeling Fundementals

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP HANA Modeling Best Practices

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.

SAP HANA Studio

ALFATEC Group d.o.o.