1 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning ISSUE1.2 (Plus HSDPA)

WCDMA Radio
Network Coverage
Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the contents and process of radio network

planning
Understand uplink budget and related parameters
Understand downlink budget and related parameters
Page2
Contents
1.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2.
R99 Coverage Planning
3.
HSDPA Coverage Planning
Page3
Contents
1.
2.
3.
Page4
Capacity, Coverage, Quality
Capacity & Coverage
Users Cell Load Interference
Capacity
Level Cell Coverage
Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity
Users Cell Load Interference

Level Quality
COST
Capacity & Quality

Qualit
y
Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity
Coverage & Quality
Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage
Page5
Coverag
e
WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Process
Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network
Page6

Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Radio network dimensioning includes coverage

dimensioning and capacity dimensioning
Obtain the scale of sites and configuration

according to input requirements when the
coverage and capacity are balanced
Page7

Process
Input & output of radio network dimensioning

Input
Capacity Related
-Spectrum Available
-Subscriber Growth
Forecast
-Traffic Density
Coverage Related
-Coverage Region
-Propagation Condition
-Area Type
Information
QoS
-Blocking Probability
Related
Number of NodeB
Carrier configuration
CE configuration
Iub configuration
-Indoor Coverage
-Coverage
Probability
Page8

Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site

Selection
Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended

to determine:
Theoretical location of sites
Implementation parameters
Cell parameters
Page9

Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Based on RND result, sites location, implementation

parameters and cell parameters, we should predict
coverage results such as best serving cell, pilot strength,
overlapping zone
We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB

number, NodeB configuration, antenna parameters) after
analyzing the coverage prediction results
Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters

that should satisfy coverage requirement
Page10

Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Coverage by transmitter:
Display the best server
coverage
Coverage by signal level:

Display the signal level
across the studied area
Overlapping zones:
Display the signal level
across the studied area
Page11

Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey
We have to select backup location for site if theoretical

location is not available
Based on experience , backup site location is selected

in search ring scope , search ring =1/4R
Page12

Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user

distributions (snapshots)
By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load, connection

status and rejected reason for each mobile
The example of Monte Carlo simulation:
Page13

Process
The following takes coverage probability for an

example to further understand how Monte Carlo
simulation is performed
1st snapshot
3rd
snapshot
2nd
snapshot
Simulation
result
100%
20%
60%
100%
0%
75%
60%
40%
Page14

Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state

(snapshot)
Obtain connection performance between terminals and

UTRAN by incremental operation
Page15

Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Simulation
Measure and analyze results of multiple snapshots to

have a overall understanding of network performance
Handover Status:
Display areas depending on
the probe mobile handover
status
Pilot Quality (Ec/Io):

Displays the pilot quality across
the certain area
Pilot Pollution:
Displays pilot pollution statistics
across the certain area
Page16
Contents
1.
2.
3.
Page17
Contents
2.

2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
Page18
Process of R99 Coverage

Planning
Goal of R99 coverage planning
obtain the cell radius
estimate NodeB number that could satisfy coverage

requirement
Start
Link Budget
Path Loss
Propagation model
Cell Radius
NodeB Coverage Area
NodeB number
Total coverage area
NodeB coverage area
NodeB Number
End
Page19
9
Area * 3R 2
8
3
Area * 3R 2
2
Contents
2.

Page20
Uplink Budget Principle

Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against Slow
fading
Pa
th
Lo
s
SHO Gain against fast

fading
Fast fading margin
NodeB Antenna Gain
Body Loss
UE Antenna Gain
Cable Loss
NodeB
Sensitivity
UE Transmit Power
Penetration
Loss
Slow fading margin
Interference margin
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
UPLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Maximum
Allowed path loss
Margin
Loss
NodeB reception sensitivit

Page21
Element of Uplink Budget

1.
UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm )
The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the

power class of the UE, which is specified by the 3GPP
standard
The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally

consideredGrade
due to
popularity
in the) market
of their
UE power
TS 25.101
Power Class
Nominal maximum output power
Tolerance
+33dBm
+1/-3dB
+27dBm
+1/-3dB
+24dBm
+1/-3dB
+21dBm
+2/-2dB
Page22

2.
3.
Body Loss ( dB )
For voice, the body loss is 3 dB
For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB
Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )
In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi
Page23

4.
Penetration Loss ( dB )
Indoor penetration loss means the difference between

the average signal strength outside the building and
the average signal strength of first floor of the
building
In terms of service coverage performance, micro-cells

provide an effective solution for achieving a high
degree of indoor penetration
Page24
6.
NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )
Sector Type
Gain of Antenna
(dBi)
Omni
11
2 Sector
18
3 Sector
18
6 Sector
20
Cable loss ( dB )
- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna
Cable Loss
5.
- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna

- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna
Page25
Path Loss and Fading
Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance
Long term (slow) fading - caused by shadowing
Short term (fast) fading - caused by multi-path propagation
Page26

7.
Slow Fading Margin
Slow Fading Margin depends on
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge

The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required
Probability Density
Standard Deviation of Slow Fading

The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required
SFM required
Coverage
CoverageProbability
Probability@
@Cell
Cell
Edge:
Edge:
PPCOVERAGE (x)
= P [ F(x) >
COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) >
FFthreshold ]]
threshold
Fthreshold
Without SFM
With SFM
Received Signal Level [dBm]
Page27

8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading
SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell

case
SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage

SHO Gain
against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO
probability
(dB)
Standard deviation=11.7
Path loss slope=3.52
Area coverage
probability
Page29

9.
Fast Fading Margin
Fast fading margin
required to guarantee fast power control
the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type,

BLER requirement
Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC
Uplink case: UE moves

towards the edge of the
cell
Page30

10.
SHO Gain against Fast fading
SHO gain against fast fading reduces the Eb/No

requirement
SHO gain against fast fading leads to a gain for

reception sensitivity
SHO gain against fast fading exists for both uplink and
downlink (Typical value of SHO gain against FFM is
SHO Gain
Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO Eb/No with SHO
1.5dB)
Page31

11.
Interference Margin in Uplink
Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise

NoiseRise 10 Log10 1 UL
dB
Higher cell load leads to heavier interference
Interference margin affects cell coverage

NoiseRise(dB)
Interference Curve in Uplink
50% UL Load 3dB

60% UL Load 4dB
75% UL Load 6dB
UL Load
Page32

12.
NodeB Reception Sensitivity

Re ceptionSen sitivity N th NF Eb / N 0 PG
Nth : Thermal Noise
NF: Noise Figure
Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality
PG: Processing Gain
Page33

12.
Nth : Thermal Noise is the noise density generated by

environment and equals to:
N th 10 log( K * T *W )
K Boltzmann constant, 1.3810-23J/K
T Temperature in Kelvin, normal temperature: 290 K
W Signal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth

3.84MHz
Nth = -108dBm/3.84MHz
Page34

12.
NF: Noise Figure :
For Huawei NodeB, latest NF is 1.6dB
For commercial UE, typical NF is 7dB.
Page35

12.
PG: Processing Gain :
Processing gain is related with the service bearer rate,

and the detail formula is present below:
chip rate
Pr ocess Gain 10 log(
)
bit rate
Page36

12.
Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total

noise to maintain service quality
Eb/No is obtained from link simulation
Eb/No is related to following factors
Service type
Multi-path channel model
User speed
The target BLER
Page37
Contents
2.

Page38
Downlink Budget Principle

Antenna Gain
Pa
th
Lo
s
SHO Gain against Slow

fading
Slow fading margin
SHO Gain against fast

fading
Fast fading margin
NodeB Antenna Gain
Body Loss
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Transmit Power
CableLoss
Penetration
Loss
UE
Sensitivity
Interference margin
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Maximum
allowed path loss
Margin
Loss
UE reception sensitivity
Page39
Element of Downlink Budget
Interference Margin in Downlink

NoiseRise
I total PN I own I other No f PMax DL / CL
PN
PN
PN
Wherein,
is non-orthogonality factor, f is the
interference ratio of other cell to own cell
Interference margin is equal to noise rise
IM(dB)
=0.6, f
= 1.78,
PMax=20W, DL 0.9
CL(dB)
Page40
Case Study : R99 Uplink

Budget
Page41
Case Study : R99 Downlink

Budget
Page42
Contents
1.
2.
3.
Page43
Link Budget Difference of HSDPA and

R99
Coverage Requirement
R99: Based on target continuous coverage service
HSDPA: Based on cell edge throughput
Simulation KPI
R99: Connect Success Rate, Coverage Probability, Pilot

Pollution Proportion and SHO
HSDPA: Cell Average Throughput and Cell Edge

Throughput
Page44

R99
Target Network Load
R99: DL target load should be set to 75%
HSDPA: DL target load can be raised to 90%
Cell total power
75%
Cell total power
R99 DCH Power
90%
R99 DCH Power
CCH
CCH
time
HSDPA
power
More
power to
ensure R99
capacity
time
Page45

R99
Other Parameters
R99:
Power control margin should be considered.
SHO gain should be considered.
HSDPA:
Power control margin need not be considered.
SHO gain should not be considered for HSDPA.
Other elements: Number of HS-PDSCH, HSDPA power, etc.
Page46
HSDPA Deployment Strategy

Mature
Phase
Focus on:
HSDPA
Performance
Initial
Phase
Focus on:
HSDPA coverage
HSDPA+R
99
R99+HSD
PA
f2
HSDPA+R
99
R99
f2
f1
f1
HSDPA+R
99
R99+HSD
PA
R99+HSD
PA
R99+HSD
PA
R99
no impact on R99
Hot Spot & Dense

Urban
Suburban &
Rural
Urban
Page47
HSDPA Link Budget Categories

HSDPA Throughput Requirement
HSDPA+R
99
Guarantee R99 CS Traffic Capacity

R9
9
Not Change R99 Coverage
R99 requirement should be met first, and then HSDPA

throughput !
HSDPA Throughput Requirement
No
WCDMA
R99/R4 Capacity, Coverage Requirement
R99 and HSDPA requirement should be met

simultaneously !
Page48
HSDPA+R
99
HSDPA Link Budget Element
DL Coupling Loss
DL _ CouplingLoss PL _ DL Lf _ BS Ga _ antenna Lb SFM NSHO Lp
Cell edge Ec/No
Ec
10 log(
No
PHS DSCH
f DL Pmax 10
DL _ CoupleLossNFNt
10
Page49
HSDPA Link Budget Principle
Goal of HSDPA link budget
The HSDPA link budget is usually based on the R99 link

budget to get the cell edge throughput in downlink
The HSDPA cell edge throughput need to be calculate depend

on simulation results, which is related with cell edge Ec/No
Simulation Conditions
Channel model-TU3
5 codes
Page50
According to R99 Cell Radius and HSDPA Power

Allocation, calculate Cell Edge Throughput
R99 Network Cell Radius

Downlink Path Loss
Downlink Coupling Loss
Ec/No at Cell Edge
DL_CoupleLoss=DL_PL+TxBodyLoss+TxCableLossTxAntennaGain+RxBodyLoss+ RxCableLossRxAntennaGain+PenetrationLoss+SlowFadingMargin
HSDPA power
Ec
10 log(
No
PHS DSCH
f DL Pmax 10
Simulation Results
Cell Edge Throughput

Page51
DL _ CoupleLossNFNt
10
According to Cell Edge Throughput requirement and

HSDPA Power Allocation, calculate HSDPA Cell
Radius

Simulation results
Ec/No at Cell Edge

Downlink Path Loss
HSDPA Cell Radius
HSDPA power
PHS DSCH
f DL Pmax
Ec
No
DL _ CoupleLoss
NFNt
DL_CoupleLoss=DL_PL+TxBodyLoss+TxCableLossTxAntennaGain+RxBodyLoss+ RxCableLossRxAntennaGain+PenetrationLoss+SlowFadingMargin
Page52
According to Cell Edge Throughput requirement and

Cell Radius, calculate HSDPA Power
Cell Radius

Simulation results
Downlink Path Loss
Ec/No at Cell Edge
PHSDPA PHS DSCH PHS SCCH
( DL _ CoupleLoss Nt NF f DL Pmax )
Pmax
HSDPA Power
Page53
Ec
No P
HS SCCH
Case Study HSDPA Link

Budget
Assumption:
Downlink maximum path loss: 129.06 dB
Cable loss : 0.5 dB
NodeB antenna gain : 18dBi
Penetration loss : 20dB ( required in indoor coverage )
Body loss : 0 dB
Slow fading margin without soft handover gain against

SFM : 13.1
Page54

Budget
Assumption:
Channel type: TU3
Non-orthogonality factor: 0.5
Adjacent cell interference factor: 1.78
HSDPA code resource: 5
Cell radius: 0.36 km
UE Category: 8
Max transmitter power of downlink: 20000 mW
Total power of HSDPA: 6000 mW (30% downlink power

allocation)
Page55

Budget
According to the assumption above, the DL Coupling Loss for
HSDPA is calculated below:

DL _ CouplingLoss PL _ DL Lf _ BS Ga _ antenna Lb SFM NSHO Lp
129.06 0.5 - 18 0 13.1 20 144.66dB

Cell Edge Ec/No will be carry out base on equation below:
Ec
10 * log(
No
10 * log(
PHS DSCH
f DL Pmax 10
DL _ CoupleLossNFNt
10
6000
) 10.2dB
.66 108.16Throughput
7
Base on the simulation result, the Cell 144
Edge
for
(0.5 1.78) * 0.9 * 20000 10
10
HSDPA can be obtained is 173.80 Kbps
Page56
Thank you
www.huawei.com

1 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning ISSUE1.2 (Plus HSDPA)

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1 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning ISSUE1.2 (Plus HSDPA)

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WCDMA Radio

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the contents and process of radio network

Understand uplink budget and related parameters

Understand downlink budget and related parameters

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

R99 Coverage Planning

HSDPA Coverage Planning

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

R99 Coverage Planning

HSDPA Coverage Planning

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Capacity, Coverage, Quality

Capacity & Coverage

Users Cell Load Interference

Level Cell Coverage

Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity

Users Cell Load Interference

Capacity & Quality

Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity

Coverage & Quality

Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Radio network dimensioning includes coverage

Obtain the scale of sites and configuration

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Input & output of radio network dimensioning

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site

Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended

Theoretical location of sites

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction

Based on RND result, sites location, implementation

We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB

Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction

Coverage by signal level:

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey

We have to select backup location for site if theoretical

Based on experience , backup site location is selected

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation

U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user