America Becomes

a Colonial Power

1. Commercial/Business Interests

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-

1. Commercial/Business Interests
Labor, resources and raw

materials

2. Military/Strategic Interests

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea

Power on History: 1660-1783

3. Social Darwinist Thinking

The Hierarchy of Race

It is the White Mans duty,

obligation, to civilize the people
of the world.

The White Mans Burden

4. Religious/Missionary Interests

American
Missionaries
in China, 1905

5. Closing the American Frontier

Hawaii: "Crossroads
of the Pacific"

Mr. Dole would serve as president of

the provisional government of
Hawaii and depose Queen
Liliuokalani

Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the

Hawaiians!
The Hawaiians attempt to reject America and
remain independent. Their efforts fail

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii

1893 American
businessmen backed an
uprising against Queen
Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the Republic
of Hawaii in 1894.

Japan

Commodore
Opens Up

Matthew Perry
Japan: 1853

The Japanese
View of
Commodore

Alaska

Sewards Folly: 1867

$7.2 million

When Seward advocated for the

purchase of Alaska he had absolutely
no idea of the amount of natural
resources the U.S.A. would find there.

Sewards Icebox: 1867

Cuba

Remember
and to Hell

the Maine
with Spain!

After being blown up under mysterious circumstances

in Havana Harbor, a state of the art battleship that
took 6 years to build, the U.S.S. Maine, was dragged
out and sunk in deep, deep waters never to be
resurfaced again.

A brutal, racist portrayal of the

Spanish just prior to the break-out
of the Spanish-American War
(1898).

Funeral for the U.S.S. Maine

victims in Havana

Rise Sensational Journalisms

Jingoism: hyper or even ultra-patriotism
The Newspaper Wars

w
o
l
l
e
Y

u
Jo

a
n
r

m
s
i
l

Hearst to Frederick
Remington:

You furnish the

pictures, and Ill furnish
the war!

Joseph Pulitzers
New York World

The press blamed Spain for the sinking

of the U.S.S. Maine and America
wanted to believe it to be true.

William Randolph Hearsts

Theodore Roosevelts
Rough Riders
Assistant Secretary
of the Navy in the
McKinley
administration.
Imperialist and
American nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as having
the backbone of a
chocolate clair!
Resigns his position to
fight in Cuba: forms
The Rough Riders

The Spanish-American War (1898):

That Splendid Little War
Teddy
Roosevelt
comes
back a
national
hero. Pres.
William
McKinley
puts him
on the
ballot as
vicepresident
in the
1900
pres.
election.

Teddy
Roosevelt
leads his
band of
Rough
Riders, a
mix of
Harvard
Men and
Dakota
Ranchers
up San
Juan Hill
(really
Kettle Hill).

How prepared was the US for war?

The Spanish-American War (1898):

That Splendid Little War
Commodore
Dewey leads
a raid on
Manila Bay,
Philippines.
He is able to
destroy the
Spanish
Fleet. The
Americans
in his Pacific
Fleet do not
lose a single
casualty.

Dewey Captures Manila, Philippines!

Emilio Aguinaldo: Fights against the USA for

Philippines Independence

Leader of the Filipino

Uprising.

July 4, 1946:
Philippine independence

The Treaty of Paris: 1898

Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of
Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain
$20 mil. for the
Philippines.
The U. S. becomes
an imperial power!

The American Anti-Imperialist

League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew
Carnegie, William
James, and William
Jennings Bryan among
the leaders.
Campaigned against
the annexation of the
Philippines and other
acts of imperialism.

Cuban Independence?
Teller Amendment (1898)

Platt Amendment (1903)

Senator
Orville Platt

1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign

powers that would endanger its independence.
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary
to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval
and coaling station.
4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

Panama

Panama Canal

TR in Panama
(Construction begins in 1904)
The Panama Canal links the
Atlantic Fleet with the Pacific Fleet.
American warships can be around
the globe at a moments notice.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the

Monroe Doctrine: 1905

Chronic wrongdoing may

in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require
intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the
Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United
States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the
United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant
cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the
exercise of an
international police power .

Walk Softly,
But Carry a Big Stick!

Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905

e
h
T

o
s
s
u
r

a
p
-Ja

e
s
ne

Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

(There are only two, can you
name the other president?)

r
a
w

China

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900

The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.

55 Days at Peking.

China: The Open Door Policy

Secretary John Hay.

Give all nations equal
access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.

The Great White Fleet: 1907

e
d
n
a
r
e
G
s
i
e
u
Th ial Cr
r
e
p
Im

Tafts Dollar
Diplomacy
Improve financial
opportunities for
American businesses.
Use private capital to
further U. S. interests
overseas.
Therefore, the U.S.
should create stability
and order abroad that
would best promote
Americas commercial
interests.

Mexico

The Mexican Revolution: 1910s

Emiliano Zapata

Venustiano Carranza

Pancho Villa

Porfirio
Diaz
Francisco I
Madero

The Mexican Revolution: 1910s

Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico
and puts Madero in prison where he was
murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano
Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought
against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying
Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.
Eventually Carranza would gain power in

Wilsons Moral Diplomacy

The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.

President
Woodrow Wilson
would have to
respond to
Mexican
revolutionaries
like Pancho Villa
who was raiding
American towns
and killing
Americans that
lived close to the
Mexican boarder.
Wilson would
send his greatest
General, General
Pershing, to try
capture Pancho
Villa; however,
President Wilson
would be forced
to send General
Pershing from
the Mexican
boarder to Paris,
France, and lead
American boys in
the fight against
German
aggression
during WWI.

Searching for Banditos

General John J. Pershing with

Pancho Villa in 1914.

U. S. Interventions in
Latin America: 1898-1920s

Uncle Sam: Just One of the Boys?

Empire: a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful
sovereign or government: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British
Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire. Is America an Empire?

Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign
countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies; advocacy of imperial or
sovereign interests over the interests of the dependent states; like the British with its policy of so
uniting the separate parts of an empire with separate governments as to secure for certain