BPB 11103: CIRCUIT THEORY 1

Assoc.Professor Dr. Abdul Halim Ali

Office hours: Weekday 8.30am 5.30pm
E-mail: ahalim@unikl.edu.my

BPB11103 (S207)

Some First Day Messages

I track attendance very class, you are allowed 5 absences (10 hrs)
without any penalty.
The typical class will be dominated by having you work problems in
small groups. I want a noisy active class.
You will NEVER be graded as a group & I will regularly reassign
groups. So, you wont be stuck with the same people all the time
and nobody else can hurt your grade.
I do not grade competitively so HELP each other learn. Just dont
help on the tests.
You ARE responsible for the assigned reading on the SOW. I will
give a daily quiz on the assigned reading to monitor this.
If you miss a class, try the learning exercises listed for that day on
the SOW.

BPB11103 (S207)

Introduction: Units
Basic Quantities
Dr. Abdul Halim Ali

BPB11103 (S207)

Basic Electrical Quantities

Basic quantities: current, voltage and power
Current: time rate of change of electric
charge: I = dq/dt
1 Amp = 1 Coulomb/sec

Voltage: electromotive force or potential, V

1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb
=1
Nm/coulomb
Power: P = I V
1 Watt = 1 VoltAmp
= 1 Joule/sec
BPB11103 (S207)

Current, I
Normally we talk about the movement of
positive charges although we know that, in
general, in metallic conductors current results
from electron motion (conventionally positive
flow)
The sign of the current indicates the direction of
flow
Types of current:
direct current (dc): batteries and some special
generators
alternating current (ac): household current which
varies with time
BPB11103 (S207)

Sign Convention
Passive sign convention : current should
enter the positive voltage terminal
I
+

Circuit Element

BPB11103 (S207)

Voltage, V
Voltage is the difference in energy level of
a unit charge located at each of two points
in a circuit, and therefore, represents the
energy required to move the unit charge
from one point to the other

BPB11103 (S207)

Sign Convention
Power, P = I V
Positive (+) Power: element absorbs power
Negative (-) Power: element supplies
I
power

BPB11103 (S207)

Electrical Analogies (Physical)

Electrical

Hydraulic

Base

Charge (q)

Mass (m)

Flow

Current (I)

Fluid flow (G)

Potential

Voltage (V)

Pressure (p)

P=IV

P=Gp

Power

BPB11103 (S207)

Active vs. Passive Elements

Active elements can generate energy
Batteries
Voltage and current sources

Passive elements cannot generate

energy
Resistors
Capacitors and Inductors (but CAN store
energy)
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Independent vs. Dependent

Sources
An independent source (voltage or current) may
be DC (constant) or time-varying, but does not
depend on other voltages or currents in the
circuit.
+

The dependent source magnitude is a function

of another voltage or current in the circuit.
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Dependent Voltage Sources

+

6Vx

Voltage
Controlled
Voltage Source

6000Ix

Current
Controlled
Voltage Source

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Dependent Current Sources

0.006Vx

Voltage
Controlled
Current Source

6Ix

Current
Controlled
Current Source

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Resistors
A resistor is a circuit element that
dissipates electrical energy (usually as
heat)
Real-world devices that are modeled by
resistors: incandescent light bulbs, heating
elements (stoves, heaters, etc.), long
wires
Resistance is measured in Ohms ()
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Open Circuit
What if R=?

i(t)=0
The
Rest of
the
Circuit

+
v(t)

i(t) = v(t)/R = 0

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Short Circuit
What if R=0?

i(t)
The
Rest of
the
Circuit

+
v(t)=0

v(t) = R i(t) = 0

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