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Genotype 1 HCV in 2016:

Clinical Decision Making in a


Time of Plenty
Ira M. Jacobson, MD
Chair,Department of Medicine
Mount Sinai Beth Israel
SeniorFacultyandVice-Chair,
Department of Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai
New York, New York
Supported by educational grants from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Gilead Sciences, Janssen Therapeutics, Merck, and ViiV Healthcare.

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Disclosures
Ira. M. Jacobson, MD, has disclosed that he has
received funds for research support from AbbVie,
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and
Merck; has served on speaker bureaus for AbbVie,
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen;
and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, BristolMyers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Janssen,
Merck, and Trek.

New Regimens and Data for Genotype 1


HCV Infection
AASLD Guidance
Updated July 6, 2016
AASLD guidance stratifies regimens as
recommended and alternative

AASLD/IDSA. HCV guidelines. April 2016.

Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

AASLD: Recommended and Alternative


Regimens for GT1 Without Cirrhosis
Nucleotide
Population

LDV/SOF

DCV
+ SOF

SMV
+ SOF

No nucleotide
SOF/VEL

GZR/EBR

12 wks + RBV

12 wks

GT1a

GT1b

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks
16 wks +
RBV

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

If NS5A RAVs present.

AASLD/IDSA. HCV guidelines. July 2016.

Recommended

OBV/PTV/RTV
+ DSV

Alternative

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AASLD: Recommended and Alternative


Regimens for GT1 With Compensated
Cirrhosis
Nucleotide
No nucleotide
Population
GT1a
Naive
PR exp

GT1b
Naive
PR exp

LDV/SOF

DCV
+ SOF

SMV
+ SOF

SOF/VEL

GZR/EBR

OBV/PTV/RTV
+ DSV

12 wks

24 wks
RBV
24 wks
RBV

24 wks
RBV*
24 wks
RBV*

12 wks

12 wks
16 wks + RBV
12 wks
16 wks + RBV

24 wks + RBV

24 wks
RBV
24 wks
RBV

24 wks
RBV
24 wks
RBV

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks

12 wks +
RBV
or 24 wks
12 wks
12 wks
+ RBV
or 24 wks

*Not with Q80K.

If NS5A RAVs present.


AASLD/IDSA. HCV guidelines. July 2016.

12 wks

Recommended

24 wks + RBV

Alternative

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Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir: Approved June


2016
Genotype 1a or 1b, without cirrhosis or with
compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A), treatment
naive or treatment experienced
12 weeks sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

Genotype 1a or 1b, with decompensated cirrhosis


(Child-Pugh B or C), treatment naive or treatment
experienced
12 weeks sofosbuvir/velpatasvir + ribavirin

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir prescribing information.

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ASTRAL-1: VEL/SOF FDC for 12 Wks in


GT1/2/4/5/6 With and Without Cirrhosis
Velpatasvir (GS-5816): pangenotypic HCV NS5A
inhibitor
GT3 pts evaluated in separate study
19% cirrhosis, 32% treatment experienced
SVR12* (%)

100

99

98

99

618/624

206/210

117/118

Overall

GT1a

GT1b

75
50
25

n/N =
0
*HCV RNA < 15 IU/mL

Feld JJ, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-2.

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ASTRAL-4: VEL/SOF FDC for HCV in Pts


With Decompensated Liver Disease
Treatment-naive or treatment-experienced pts with
GT1-6 HCV infection and CTP B cirrhosis (N = 267)
55% treatment experienced; 95% MELD < 15; 75% to
83% ascites; 58% to 66% encephalopathy
GT1: 78%; GT3: 15%, GT2/4/6: 8%
Wk 0

Wk 12

n = 90 VEL/SOF*
n = 87 VEL/SOF* + RBV
n = 90 VEL/SOF*

Wk 24

Wk 36

SVR12
SVR12
SVR12

*100 mg/400mg
Charlton MR, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-13.

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ASTRAL-4: VEL/SOF FDC for HCV in Pts


With Decompensated Liver Disease
SOF/VEL 12 wks

SVR12 (%)

100

n/N =

SOF/VEL + RBV 12 wks

94

83

86

88

77/90

60/68

SOF/VEL 24 wks
96

92

65/68

65/71

80
60
40
20
0

75/90

82/87
Overall

Breakthrough, n Relapse, n
11
LTFU, n
1
Death, n
3

1
2
2

D/c due to AE: 3% (n = 9)

Death due to AE: 3% (n = 9)

Fatigue (29%); nausea (23%); HA (22%);


anemia (13%; 31% in RBV arm)

AE more frequent with RBV

Genotype 1
1
7
3
2

Charlton MR, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-13

5
1
2

1
2

3
3
-

RBV arm: Hb < 10 mg/dL, 23%;


Hb < 8.5 mg/dL, 7%

RBV decreased in 37% and d/c in 17%

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ASTRAL-5: VEL/SOF FDC for 12 Wks in


Pts Coinfected With HCV and HIV-1
N = 106

SVR12

VEL/SOF

Wk 0

SVR12 (%)

100

95

12

95

92

2 relapse
1 LTFU

1 LTFU

62/
65
GT1a

11/
12
GT1b

24
100

92

100

80
60

1 withdrew
consent

40

20
n/N =
0

99/
104
Total

Wyles D, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS104.

11/
11
GT2

11/
12
GT3

4/
4
GT4

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Grazoprevir/Elbasvir: Approved Jan 2016


Genotype 1a, with/without compensated cirrhosis,
treatment naive or treatment experienced
Without NS5A RAVs: GZR/EBR, 12 wks
With NS5A RAVs: GZR/EBR + RBV, 16 wks*
RAVs at positions 28, 30, 31, 93

Genotype 1b, with/without compensated cirrhosis,


treatment naive or treatment experienced
GZR/EBR, 12 wks
RAV testing not indicated
*Listed as alternative regimen.
AASLD/IDSA. HCV guidelines. April 2016.

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C-EDGE TN: 12 Wks of GZR/EBR in


Genotype 1, 4, or 6

94

97

231/
246

68/
70

92

99

100
80

80
60

3
1
9

1
0
1

18/
18

8/
10

GT
4

GT
6

129/
131
GT
1b

144/
157
GT
1a

rrh
ot
ic
Ci

299/
316

rh
ot
ics

20

40

No
nc
ir

n/N =

95

Al
lP
ts

SVR12 (%)

100

0
0
0

0
0
2

Non-VF
Breakthrough
Relapse

Good safety and tolerability profile

No drug-related serious AEs; 2 deaths unrelated to drug

No concurrent ALT/bilirubin increase

Lower SVR12 rates in pts with BL NS5A RAVs (2/9, 22%); associated with > 5-fold loss of
EBR susceptibility

Virologic failure only if baseline HCV RNA > 800,000 IU/mL

Zeuzem S, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:1-13.

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C-EDGE TE: 12 or 16 Wks of GZR/EBR


RBV in Treatment-Experienced GT1, 4, or 6

n/N =

SVR12 (%, 95% CI)

100

92

94

92

97

80

12 wks

60

16 wks

40
20
0

Breakthrough
Rebound
Relapse
LTFU/early d/c

97/
105

98/
104

97/
105

103/
106

No RBV

+ RBV

No RBV

+ RBV

0
0
6
2

0
0
6
0

1
2
4
1

0
0
0
3

*ITT population.

Virologic failures driven by RAVs

Analysis from AASLD 2015 shows that presence of baseline NS5A RAVs by population
sequencing or next-generation sequencing (with 10% to 20% cutoff) is predictive of failure

Kwo P, et al. EASL 2015. Abstract P0886. Jacobson I, et al.


AASLD 2015. Abstract LB22.

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C-EDGE TE: Efficacy of 12 Wks of


GZR/EBR RBV by Baseline RAVs
SVR12, n/N (%)

GT1a
GT1b

GT1a
GT1b

Total

NS3 Variants Not


Detectable

NS3 RAVs
5-Fold Shift

NS3 RAVs
> 5-Fold Shift

95%
99%

107/112 (96)
133/135 (99)

104/111 (94)
9/9 (100)

0
1/1 (100%)

NS5A Variants Not


Detectable

NS5A RAVs
5-Fold Shift

NS5A RAVs
> 5-Fold Shift

190/192 (99)
127/127 (100)

10/10 (100)
0

11/21 (52)
16/18 (89)

95%
99%

Should baseline RAV testing be done with this regimen?


The NS5A RAVs that matter are in the 28, 30, 31, and 93 positions
Kwo P, et al. EASL 2015. Abstract P0886.

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C-SURFER: Grazoprevir/Elbasvir in Pts


With GT1 HCV and Stage 4/5 CKD
Treatment
Wk 12

GT1 HCVinfected
pts with
stage 4/5 CKD
(n = 224)

Follow-up
Wk 4

Follow-up
Wk 16

Randomized period

SVR12*

Grazoprevir/Elbasvir
(n = 111)

99%

Placebo
(n = 113)

Open-label period
Grazoprevir/Elbasvir
(n = 113)

98%

Grazoprevir/elbasvir dosed orally 100 mg/50 mg once daily. This study also included a pharmacokinetic
analysis (n = 11) in which pts were treated as in the randomized grazoprevir/elbasvir study group.

76% on dialysis

34% with diabetes

52% GT1a, 48% GT1b

6% cirrhosis

Roth D, et al. Lancet. 2015;386:1537-1545


Roth D, et al. Kidney Week 2015. Abstract SA-PO1100.

*Modified full analysis set population.

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Daclatasvir + Sofosbuvir
Genotype 1a or 1b, treatment naive or experienced,
without cirrhosis
DCV + SOF, 12 wks

Genotype 1a or 1b, treatment naive or experienced,


with compensated cirrhosis
DCV + SOF RBV, 24 wks*
*Listed as alternative regimen

AASLD/IDSA. HCV guidelines. April 2016.

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DCV + SOF RBV for 24 Wks in GT1 Pts


With Advanced Liver Disease
SVR12 by Genotype
100

SVR12 (%)

80

98

98

92

91

98 100
96 96

97

97

89

90

60
40
20
0

All GT1

GT1a

GT1b

As observed

DCV + SOF

DCV + SOF + RBV

mITT

DCV + SOF

DCV + SOF + RBV

Welzel T, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract SAT-275.

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Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +
Dasabuvir
Genotype 1a, treatment naive or experienced
No cirrhosis: OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV + RBV, 12 wks
With compensated cirrhosis: OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV +
RBV, 24wks*
RAV testing not indicated

Genotype 1b, with/without compensated cirrhosis,


treatment naive or experienced
OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV, 12 wks
RAV testing not indicated
*Listed as alternative regimen.
AASLD/IDSA. HCV guidelines. April 2016.

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TURQUOISE III: 12 Wks of OBV/PTV/RTV +


DSV Without RBV in Cirrhotic GT1b Pts
Virologic Response
100

100

100

100

100

60/60

60/60

60/60

60/60

RVR

EOTR

SVR4

SVR12

Pts (%)

80
60
40
20
n/N =

AASLD guidance now recommends


OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV 12 wks
without RBV for GT1b cirrhotics
Still need 24 wks + RBV for GT1a cirrhotics, naive or experienced
Poordad F, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 1051.
AASLD/IDSA. HCV Guidance. April 2016.

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Real-World Efficacy of OBV/PTV/RTV


DSV RBV: German HCV Registry Cohort
Efficacy population (complete follow-up): n = 543; safety population
(initiated treatment): n = 1017
GT1: 88%; GT4: 12%; cirrhosis: 22% (CTP B/C: 7%); tx experienced: 59%
97 96 97 100

95 93 96 100

96 98

96

80
*Includes 13 pts with
mixed or unknown GT1
subgenotype infection,
all of whom achieved
SVR.

60

Without Cirrhosis

2/
2

200/ 268/ 46/


208 274 48

Na
iv e
(pe
g)I
FN

TV RBV
peg R/B
IFN OC
+R +
BV

121/ 26/ 93/


127 28 97

G
Tot T1
a l*
GT
1a
GT
1b

n/N =

365/ 108/ 246/ 51/


378 113 254 51

GT
4

20

GT
4

40

G
Tot T1
a l*
GT
1a
GT
1b

SVR24 (%)

100

With Cirrhosis

Hinrichsen H, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract GS07.

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Real-World Efficacy of OBV/PTV/RTV


DSV RBV: Israeli Cohort
Efficacy population (complete follow-up): n = 432; safety population
(initiated treatment): n = 661

Pts With Undetectable


HCV RNA (%)

GT1: 100%; cirrhosis: 62% (CTP A/B: 98.5%/1.5%); tx expd: 62%

Post LT: n = 22

100

99

99

80

No cirrhosis
Cirrhosis

60
40
20

n/N =

161/
161/
163
163

251/
251/
253
253

SVR12 (mITT*)

*Excludes pts who did not


achieve SVR12 for reasons
other than virologic failure.

SVR12 mITT/overall: 82%/86%; 4 discontinued due to serious AEs, one of


which achieved SVR
Zuckerman E, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS004.

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Real-World Safety of OBV/PTV/RTV DSV


RBV: German and Israeli Cohorts

Most common AEs across both


cohorts[1,2]: fatigue, pruritus,
headache, insomnia, nausea,
diarrhea (Israeli), anemia (German)
Serious AE: 2.1% to 3.8%
D/c for AE: 1.5% to 3.0%
3 deaths deemed unrelated to HCV
therapy: stroke, MI, multiple organ
failure

In Israeli cohort, 20 pts


discontinued for AEs[2]

In Israeli cohort, several factors


identified as significant predictors of
hepatic decompensation[2]

Factor

P Value

Age older than 75 yrs

.005

Platelets < 90,000/mL

.03

Albumin < 3.5 g/dL

.048

CTP score 7

.07

MELD score > 10

.01

Previous decompensation

< .001

Serious AE: n = 12
Decompensation: n = 8
1. Hinrichsen H, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract GS07.
2. Zuckerman E, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS004.

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Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for GT1 Tx-Naive


Noncirrhotics With HCV RNA < 6 M IU/mL:
Are8wkssufficient?Orare12wksbetter?
Established by retrospective analysis of ION-3
Many clinicians were initially uncomfortable
What do real-world data show?

Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

8 vs 12 Wks of LDV/SOF in Pts With GT1


HCV: HCV-TARGET and TRIO Network
Treatment-naive, noncirrhotic pts with GT1 HCV
HCV RNA < 6 M IU/mL in HCV-TARGET
HCV-TARGET[1]
97

97

80
60
40
20

n/N =

100
SVR12 (%)

SVR12 (%)

100

TRIO Network[2]

127/131

187/192

8 Wks

8 Wks

1. Terrault N, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 94.


2. Curry M, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 1046.

95

96

251/263

604/632

80
60
40
20
0

8 Wks

12 Wks

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8 Wks of LDV/SOF in Pts With GT1 HCV:


German Real-World Single-Center Study
Pts noncirrhotic (100%) and primarily treatment naive
(97%), GT1 (98%), and HCV RNA < 6 M IU/mL (96%)
99

SVR12 (%)

100
80
60
40
20
n/N =

127/128

Buggisch P et al, EASL 2016. Abstract SAT-242.

8 Wks

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LDV/SOF: SVR12 by Treatment Regimen


and Duration in Pts Without Cirrhosis
Pooled data from multiple trials, HCV RNA < 6 M IU/mL in
8-wk arm
With RAVs

100

98

99

30/32

107/108

No RAVs

99

99

SVR12 (%)

80
60
40
20
n/N =

8 Wks

Zeuzem S, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 91.

187/189 504/509
12 Wks
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PPIs and Ledipasvir:


Does Acid Suppression Matter?

HCV-TARGET: Effect of PPI Use?

Virologic outcome
known for 1074 pts

SVR12 According to Baseline


PPI Use
PPI: No
100

93

28/
30

456/
464

60
40
20

n/N =

Terrault N, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 94.

98

PPI: Yes
98
93

80
SVR12 (%)

Pts treated according


to local standards of
care at 44 academic/
17 community medical
centers in North
America/Europe

122/
124

151/
163

8-Wk LDV/SOF 12-Wk LDV/SOF

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TRIO Network: No Effect of PPI Use?


Real-world data from 2034 pts with GT1 HCV receiving
LDV/SOF
A per protocol analysis (n = 1979) showed no effect of
PPIs on SVR
SVR12 According to Baseline PPI Use

98

100

98

97

99

97

SVR12 (%)

PPI: No
PPI: Yes

n/N =

230/
234

41/
41

Afdhal N, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract LBP519.

1024/
1045

287/
297

243/
246

113/
116

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TRIO Network: Predictors of Response to


LDV/SOF by PPI Usage
Per protocol analysis
(n = 1979)

97%

n = 454

PPI drug
Dexlansoprazole (n = 10)
Esomeprazole (n = 48)
Lansoprazole (n = 26)

P= .799

Caution with
use of high
dose PPIs
with
LDV/SOF

Omeprazole (n = 288)
Pantoprazole (n = 77)
Rabeprazole (n = 5)
PPI dose
Low (n = 282)

P= .965

High (n = 172)
PPI frequency
Once daily (n = 420)

P= .030

Twice daily (n = 34)


80%

Afdhal N, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract LBP519.

90%

100%
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New Regimens

VEL/SOF + GS-9857 for 6 or 8 Wks in


Treatment-Naive Pts With GT1-6 HCV
Genotype 1

Genotypes 1-6
100

96

100

79

60
40
20

n/N =

Cirrhosis
94

71

81

80
SVR (%)

SVR (%)

80

No Cirrhosis
100

53/67

95/99

No RBV
6 Wks

No RBV
8 Wks

60
40
20
0

25/35

36/36

31/33

25/31

No RBV
6 Wks

No RBV
8 Wks

No RBV
8 Wks

RBV
8 Wks

8 wks of VEL/SOF + GS9857 highly effective including pts with RAVs and cirrhosis

Single tablet QD in phase III

6 wks had high relapse

No benefit of RBV with 8 wks

Will the triplet be used as primary first-line treatment or as salvage treatment for persons
who fail current DAAs?

Gane EJ, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract SAT-138.

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VEL/SOF + GS-9857 for 12 Wks in


Treatment-Experienced GT1-6 HCV
Cirrhosis, n (%)
Mean HCV RNA,
log10 IU/mL (range)

VEL/SOF +
GS-9857
61 (48)
6.3 (3.8-8.1)

HCV genotype, n (%)

1
2
3
4/6

63 (49)
21 (16)
35 (27)
9 (7)

DAA experience, n (%)

None (GT2-6 only)


1 DAA class
2 DAA classes

27 (21)
36 (28)
65 (51)

Lawitz E, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS008.

100

99

100

127/128

63/63

Overall

GT1

80
SVR12 (%)

BL Characteristics
(N = 128)

60
40

20
n/N =
0

1 pt relapsed at
posttreatment Wk 8
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SURVEYOR-I/II: ABT-493 + ABT-530 for 8


or 12 Wks in Pts With GT1 or 2 HCV
Open-label, treatment naive or pegIFN/RBV experienced
SVR12 in Pts With GT1 HCV
8 wks
97

100

80
60
40

20
n/N =
0

100
SVR12 (%)

SVR12 (%)

100

12 wks

33/34

33/33

ITT

mITT
No Cirrhosis[1]

1. Poordad F, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract SAT-157.


2. Gane EJ, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract SAT-135.

96

80
60
40
20
0

26/27
Cirrhosis[2]
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C-CREST 1 and 2: MK-3682/GZR/MK-8408


for 8 Wks in Tx-Naive Noncirrhotic Pts
GT1, 2, or 3 without cirrhosis (N = 240)
100

100
87

80
60
40
20
n/N =
0

MK-3682 (300 mg) + GZR + MK-8408


MK-3682 (450 mg) + GZR + MK-8408
24/24

20/23

Genotype 1

In GT1 arm, no impact of baseline NS5A, NS3, or


NS5B RAVs on SVR12
Gane EJ, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract 139.

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Conclusions
5 highly effective regimens approved for GT1 HCV
Newest is GZR/EBR, which requires RAV testing in GT1a

Need for extended therapy and/or RBV in cirrhotics


depending on regimen, GT1 subtype, and prior treatment
status
Real-world data reflect efficacy in clinical trials
Data support 8 wks of LDV/SOF in GT1 treatment-naive
noncirrhotics with HCV RNA < 6 M IU/mL
High-dose PPIs should be avoided with LDV (same likely
to be the case with VEL based on clinical trial designs)
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New Regimens in Development


Promising regimens
Second-generation 2-drug regimen of ABT-493/
ABT-530
Triplet regimens of PI/NS5A/Nuc

New regimens may offer 8-week option for


noncirrhotics
High SVR rates in DAA failures

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