Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Devices
Meters
MCT 3332 : Instrumentation and
Measurements
Objectives
To familiarize the DArsonval meter
movement;
How it is used in ammeters,
voltmeters, and ohmeters;
Some of its limitations, as well as
some of its applications.
Meters
device built to accurately detect and display an
electrical quantity in a form readable by a human
being.
Usually this "readable form" is visual:
motion of a pointer on a scale, LED display
composed of numerical figures.
in the analysis and testing of circuits, there are
meters designed to accurately measure the
basic quantities of voltage, current, and
resistance.
modern -"digital" : display is in the form of
numerical digits.
Older mechanical: pointer device to show
quantity of measurement.
DC Meters
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Meters Discussed
Jacques dArsonval
(1851 1940)
Deprez-d'Arsonval Galvanometer
Marcel Deprez
(1843 1918)
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Galvanometer
Galvanometer is the historical name given
to a moving coil meter
A simple galvanometer is made from a
magnetized needle (such as the needle
from a magnetic compass) suspended from
a string, and positioned within a coil of wire.
Current through the wire coil produces
magnetic field which deflects the needle
from pointing in the direction of earth's
magnetic field.
If the coil's movement is opposed by a coil
spring, then the amount of deflection of a
needle attached to the coil may be
proportional to the current passing through
the coil.
Such "meter movements" are the heart of
the moving coil meters such as voltmeters
and ammeters until they are largely replaced
by solid state coil electric current detector.
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Galvanometer
Galvanometer
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Galvanometer
An increase in measured current
drives the needle to point further to the
right and a decrease will cause the
needle to drop back down toward its
resting point to the left.
The arc on the meter display is labeled
with numbers to indicate the value of
the quantity being measured.
Most meter movements are polaritysensitive (i.e., one direction of current
driving the needle to the right and the
other driving it to the left).
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Note: Rm and Rg are the same in the figures above
DC Ammeter
Ish > Im
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Vm I m R m
The voltage drop across the shunt and meter movement is the same.
Vsh Vm
I sh I I m
Therefor Rsh is
R sh
Vsh I m Rm I m
I
Rm m Rm ()
I sh
I sh
I sh
I Im
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Problem 1
Calculate the value of the shunt resistance required to convert
a 1 mA meter movement, with a 100 internal resistance into
a 0 to 10 mA ammeter
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Solution:
Vm I m Rm 1mA 100 0.1V
Vsh Vm 0.1V
I sh I I m 10mA 1mA 9mA
Vsh 0.1V
Rsh
11.11
I sh 9mA
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Ayrton Shunt
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Rm
Rsh
n 1
1.3
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Ans: 0.80
Ayrton Shunt
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Ayrton Shunt
Rsh = Ra + Rb + Rc
R sh
Rm
n 1
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Ayrton Shunt
D Arsonval Meter Movement In a DC Ammeter
I ( R Rm )
Rb Rc m sh
( )
V Rb +Rc = V RaI 2+Rm
When
pointer
at I2
(Rb+Rc)(I2-Im) = Im(Ra+Rm)
I m ( Rsh Rm )
Rc
I3
When
pointer
at I3
Ra Rsh ( Rb Rc )
Rb Rsh ( Ra Rc )
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Ayrton Shunt
D Arsonval Meter Movement In a DC Ammeter
Problem 3
Compute the value of the shunt resistors for the circuit
shown below.
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1
( / V )
If s
1
1
ohms
volt
amperes
volt
ohms
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Solution:
Sensitivity,
1
1
S
2k
V
I fs 500
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Ifs
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To be continued..
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