Writing a

y
h
p
a
r
g
o
i
l
Bib
APA Style

Bibliography
A

list of references
used in writing a
material (book, review,
thesis, etc.)

APA (Style)
American

Psychological
Association
It is the biggest
internationally recognized
group of psychologists in
America.
They popularized this style
in referencing and citing.

f
o
s
c
i
s
a
B
Writing a
y
h
p
a
r
g
o
i
l
Bib

1.

Where to start

new

page with a centered

title Bibliography or
References
Align your list to the left.
May be bulleted or numbered
All lines after the first line
should be indented one-half
inch from the left-margin
(hanging indention).

2.

Alphabetize

Start from A to Z
Look at the authors
surnames.

Albom, M.
Coelho, P.
Ong, B.

Separate

electronic and
non-electronic resources.

Titles

3.

For books and articles,

italicize each word.
Treat a title like a
sentence. That is, only
the first letter and all the
proper names should be
capitalized.
Have a little faith

A brief history of time

Titles

3.

Keep the punctuation

and capitalization that
is used in a journals
title.

Knowledge Management Research &

Management [do not use and to
replace the ampersand].
ReCALL [do not turn it into RECALL]

AUTHORS

4.

Write the last name

first, then the initial
letters of first name
and middle name.

Hawking, S.
Rowling, J.K.

AUTHORS

4.

If there are 2-7 authors,

list all of their last
names and initials. Use
an ampersand (&) before
the last authors name.
Albom, M., Coelho, P., Meyer, S. Roth, V., &

Ong, B.

4.

AUTHORS

If

there are more than 7

authors, list the last names
and initials of the first 6
authors. After the sixth
author, use ellipses followed
by the last authors last
name and initials.
Miller, F.H., Choi, M.J., Perez, L.L, Reyes, A.A.,
Stavoiski, J., Thomas, S.T., Rogers, L.H.

DATES

5.

The publication year of

a work should always be
written inside
parentheses. It comes
right after the (last)
authors name. It ends
with a period outside the
closing parenthesis.
Miller, F.H., & Choi, M.J. (2012).

R
O
F
S
T
A
FORM
T
N
E
R
E
F
DIF
s
e
c
r
u
o
s
RE

Books
Authors last name, Initials. (Year). Book
title. Additional information. City of
publication: Publisher.

Example:
McDowell,

G.L. (2015). Cracking the

coding interview. 6th ed. California:
Careercup.
Nicol, A.M., & Pexman, P.M. (1999).
Presenting your findings: A practical
guide for creating tables. Washington,
D.C.: American Psychological
Association.

Encyclopedia
Authors last name, Initials. (Year). Title
of article/entry. Title of Encyclopedia.
(Volume, pages). Location: Publisher.

Dictionary
Title of Dictionary. (ed.). (Year).
Location: Publisher.

Encyclopedia:
Bergmann, P.G. (1993). Relativity.

In The New Encyclopedia

Brittanica. (Vol. 26, pp. 150-155).
Chicago: World Book.
Dictionary:
Merriam-Websters collegiate
dictionary. (10th ed.). (1993).
Springfield, M.A.: MerriamWebster.

Journals
Authors last name, Initials. (Date of
publication). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, volume number (or issue
number), pages.

Examples:
Scruton,

R. (1996). The eclipse of

listening. The New criterion, 15 , 5-13.

Harlow,

H.F. (1983). Fundamentals for

preparing
psychology journal articles.
Journal of Comparative and
Physiological Psychology, 55, 893896.
Henry, W.A., III. (1990, April 9). Making
the grade in todays schools. Time,
135, 28-31.

Dissertation
PUBLISHED
Authors last name, Initial. (Year). Title of
dissertation (Doctoral/Masters dissertation).
Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession
or Order number)
UNPUBLISHED
Authors last name, Initial. (Year). Title of
dissertation (Doctoral/Masters dissertation).
Name of Institution, Location.

PUBLISHED
Cooley, T. (2009). Design, development, and
implementation of a Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN): The Hartford Job Corps Academy case
study (Doctoral dissertation). Available from
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
(UMI No. 3344745)
UNPUBLISHED
Considine, M. (1986). Australian insurance
politics in the 1970s: Two case studies
(unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Most online
sources
Follow the rule for non-electronic
source. Add as the last part the DOI or
URL of the site where you got the work
from.

Concho, C.S. (2013). Real: A collection of

our life stories. Retrieved from
http://www.abscbn.com.ph/libraryreal-a-collection-of-our-life-stories

Other
electronic
sources
ONLINE LECTURE NOTES AND
POWERPOINT SLIDES
Provide the file format in brackets after
the lecture title.
Hallam, A. Duality in consumer theory [PDF
document]. Retrieved from
http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ501
/Hallam/index.html

COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Do

not cite standard office software (e.g.

Word, Excel) or programming language.
Provide references only for specialized
software.
Ludwig, T. (2002). PsychInquiry [computer
software]. New York: Worth.

DOWNLOADED SOFTWARE
Software

that is downloaded from a Web

site should provide the softwares version
and year when available.
Hayes, B., Tesar, B., & Zuraw, K. (2003).
OTSoft: Optimality Theory Software
(Version 2.1) [Software]. Available from
http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes
/otsoft

BLOG (WEBLOG) and VLOG POST

Include

the title of the message and the

URL.
If the authors name is not available,
provide the screen name/user name.
Items in online communities are not
italicized.
C++ Made Easy Video Blog #4 [Video file].
Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqM90eQ
i5-M

WIKIS
These

are NOT the most reliable sources.

Title of the article. (date published/last
edited). Date retrieved from Title of Wiki:
full url
OLPC Peru/Arahuay. (n.d.). Retrieved April
29, 2011 from the OLPC Wiki:
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Peru/
Arahuay