WEEK 2: Physical Activity, Health, and

Chronic Disease
Prepared By: Coach Jane Delfinado
 Understanding the Physical Activity, Health and
Disease;
 Cardiovascular Disease;
 Hypertension;
 Hypercolesterolemia and Dysipidemia;
 Tobacco;
 Diabetes Milletus;
 Obesity and Overweight;
 Metabolic Syndrome;
 Cancer;
 Musculoskeletal diseases and Disorders; and
 Aging
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 Physical activity is defined as any voluntary bodily
movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires
energy expenditure. Physical activity encompasses all
activities, at any intensity, performed during any time of
day or night. It includes both exercise and incidental activity
integrated into daily routine.
 Physical activity refers to all movement including during
leisure time, for transport to get to and from places, or as
part of a person's work.
 Physical activity can be defined as any movement of the
body that requires energy expenditure. This includes any
motion you do through the day excluding sitting still or
lying down. For example, walking to class, taking the stairs,
mowing the lawn, and even cleaning your house can be
considered physical activity.
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 Physical activity promotes strong muscles and
bones. It improves respiratory, cardiovascular
health, and overall health. Staying active can
also help you maintain a healthy weight,
reduce your risk for type 2 diabetes, heart
disease, and reduce your risk for some cancers.
 Regular physical activity improves your brain
health, helps with weight management,
reduces disease, strengthens bones and
muscles
 EXAMPLES :
 HEALTH:
 Health, according to the World Health
Organization, is "a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease and infirmity".
 The state of being free from illness or injury.
 Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well being
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH
 Health is important to live life to the fullest. When
a person leads a healthy lifestyle, the body remains
healthy and the mind is active and fresh. Living a
healthy life would extend longevity and also
regenerate the body and mind. Having good
health is of core importance to human happiness.
 Good health is central to human happiness and
well-being that contributes significantly to
prosperity and wealth and even economic
progress, as healthy populations are more
productive, save more and live longer.
 EXAMPLES:
DISEASE
 A disease is a particular abnormal condition that
negatively affects the structure or function of all or
part of an organism, and that is not immediately
due to any external injury. Diseases are often
known to be medical conditions that are associated
with specific signs and symptoms.
 Disease, any harmful deviation from the normal
structural or functional state of an organism,
generally associated with certain signs and
symptoms and differing in nature from physical
injury. A diseased organism commonly exhibits
signs or symptoms indicative of its abnormal state.
 EXAMPLES:
 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term
for conditions affecting the heart or blood
vessels. It's usually associated with a build-up
of fatty deposits inside the arteries
(atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood
clots.
 Cardiovascular disease can refer to a number of
conditions: Heart disease, Heart attack, Stroke,
Heart failure, Arrhythmia, and Heart valve
problems.
HEART DISESASE
Heart and blood vessel disease
(also called heart disease) includes
numerous problems, many of
which are related to a process
called atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a condition that

develops when a substance called
plaque builds up in the walls of the
arteries. This build up narrows the
arteries, making it harder for blood
to flow through. If a blood clot
forms, it can block the blood flow.
This can cause a heart attack or
stroke.
HEART ATTACK
A heart attack occurs when the
blood flow to a part of the heart is
blocked by a blood clot. If this clot
cuts off the blood flow completely,
the part of the heart muscle
supplied by that artery begins to
die.
Most people survive their first
heart attack and return to their
normal lives, enjoying many more
years of productive activity. But
experiencing a heart attack does
mean that you need to make some
changes.
The medications and lifestyle
changes that your doctor
recommends may vary according
to how badly your heart was
damaged, and to what degree of
heart disease caused the heart
attack.
STROKE
An ischemic stroke (the most common type
of stroke) occurs when a blood vessel that
feeds the brain gets blocked, usually from a
blood clot.
When the blood supply to a part of the brain
is cut off, some brain cells will begin to die.
This can result in the loss of functions
controlled by that part of the brain, such as
walking or talking.
A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood
vessel within the brain bursts. This is most
often caused by
uncontrolled hypertension (high blood
pressure).
Some effects of stroke are permanent if too
many brain cells die after being starved of
oxygen. These cells are never replaced.
The good news is that sometimes brain cells
don’t die during stroke — instead, the
damage is temporary. Over time, as injured
cells repair themselves, previously impaired
function improves. (In other cases,
undamaged brain cells nearby may take over
for the areas of the brain that were injured.)
Either way, strength may return, speech may
get better and memory may improve. This
recovery process is what stroke rehabilitation
is all about.
HEART FAILURE
Heart failure, sometimes called
congestive heart failure, means the
heart isn’t pumping blood as well
as it should. Heart failure does not
mean that the heart stops beating
— that’s a common misperception.
Instead, the heart keeps working,
but the body’s need for blood and
oxygen isn’t being met.
Heart failure can get worse if left
untreated. If your loved one has
heart failure, it’s very important to
follow the doctor’s orders.
ARRHYTHMIA
Arrhythmia refers to an abnormal
heart rhythm. There are various
types of arrhythmias. The heart can
beat too slow, too fast or
irregularly.
Bradycardia, or a heart rate that’s
too slow, is when the heart rate is
less than 60 beats per
minute. Tachycardia, or a heart rate
that’s too fast, refers to a heart rate
of more than 100 beats per minute.
An arrhythmia can affect how well
your heart works. With an irregular
heartbeat, your heart may not be
able to pump enough blood to meet
your body’s needs.
HEART VALVE
PROBLEMS
When heart valves don’t open
enough to allow the blood to flow
through as it should, a condition
called stenosis results. When the
heart valves don’t close properly
and thus allow blood to leak
through, it’s called regurgitation. If
the valve leaflets bulge or prolapse
back into the upper chamber, it’s a
condition called prolapse.
 High blood pressure, also called hypertension,
is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Your
blood pressure changes throughout the day based
on your activities. Having blood pressure
measures consistently above normal may result in
a diagnosis of high blood pressure (or
hypertension).
 Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood
pressure, is a condition in which the blood vessels
have persistently raised pressure. Blood is carried
from the heart to all parts of the body in the
vessels. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood
into the vessels.
Common factors that can lead to high blood pressure include: A diet
high in salt, fat, and/or cholesterol. Chronic conditions such as
kidney and hormone problems, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
Family history, especially if your parents or other close relatives
have high blood pressure.
 Hypercholesterolemia is a word for high levels of
cholesterol in the blood. Some people have an
inherited syndrome, which causes very high levels
of cholesterol. Untreated high cholesterol raises the
risk of heart disease and cardiovascular problems.
 Hyperlipidemia, also known as dyslipidemia or
high cholesterol, means you have too many lipids
(fats) in your blood. Your liver creates cholesterol
to help you digest food and make things like
hormones. But you also eat cholesterol in foods
from the meat and dairy aisles.
 Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how
your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your
health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that
make up your muscles and tissues. It's also your brain's main
source of fuel.
 Diabetes mellitus, disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
characterized by impaired ability of the body to produce or
respond to insulin and thereby maintain proper levels of sugar
(glucose) in the blood.
 Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality,
though these outcomes are not due to the immediate effects of the
disorder. They are instead related to the diseases that develop as a
result of chronic diabetes mellitus. These include diseases of
large blood vessels (macrovascular disease, including coronary
heart disease and peripheral arterial disease) and small blood
vessels (microvascular disease, including retinal and renal
vascular disease), as well as diseases of the nerves.
 Obesity means having too much body fat. It is
different from being overweight, which means
weighing too much. The weight may come
from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water.
Both terms mean that a person's weight is
greater than what's considered healthy for his
or her height.
 Overweight is generally due to extra body fat.
However, overweight may also be due to extra
muscle, bone, or water.
 Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions
that occur together, increasing your risk of
heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These
conditions include increased blood pressure,
high blood sugar, excess body fat around the
waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride
levels.
 Metabolic syndrome is a group of five
conditions that can lead to heart disease,
diabetes, stroke and other health problems.
 Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's
cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other
parts of the body. Cancer can start almost
anywhere in the human body, which is made
up of trillions of cells.
 Cancer is a group of more than 100 different
diseases. It can develop almost anywhere in the
body.
 Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are injuries
or disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons,
joints, cartilage, and spinal discs.
 Musculoskeletal conditions comprise more
than 150 conditions that affect the locomotor
system of individuals.
 Musculoskeletal Disorders or MSDs are
injuries and disorders that affect the human
body’s movement or musculoskeletal
system (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments,
nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.).
 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Tendonitis
 Muscle / Tendon strain
 Ligament Sprain
 Tension Neck Syndrome
 Thoracic Outlet Compression
 Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
 Epicondylitis
 Radial Tunnel Syndrome
 Digital Neuritis
 Trigger Finger / Thumb
 DeQuervain’s Syndrome
 Mechanical Back Syndrome
 Degenerative Disc Disease
 Ruptured / Herniated Disc,
 And many more
 the process of becoming old or older.