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Methods of Research (Calderon & Gonzales)

This document provides an outline and overview of key concepts for conducting research. It discusses the meaning of research, purposes of research, and characteristics of good research. It also covers the different kinds and classifications of research, including quantitative vs. qualitative and basic vs. applied research. Additionally, the document outlines the scientific method of research and its typical steps. It discusses developing a research problem, including choosing a topic, formulating a title, writing a statement of the problem as interrogative questions, and generating hypotheses. The overall document serves as an introduction to the concepts and processes involved in conducting academic and scientific research.

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Surogste Mibusontad
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13K views24 pages

Methods of Research (Calderon & Gonzales)

This document provides an outline and overview of key concepts for conducting research. It discusses the meaning of research, purposes of research, and characteristics of good research. It also covers the different kinds and classifications of research, including quantitative vs. qualitative and basic vs. applied research. Additionally, the document outlines the scientific method of research and its typical steps. It discusses developing a research problem, including choosing a topic, formulating a title, writing a statement of the problem as interrogative questions, and generating hypotheses. The overall document serves as an introduction to the concepts and processes involved in conducting academic and scientific research.

Uploaded by

Surogste Mibusontad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Methods of Research: An Introduction: Introduces the document, setting the stage for exploring various research methodologies.
  • Meaning of Research: Explores the definition and essential understanding of what constitutes research.
  • Outline: An overview of topics to be covered including types of research, its purpose, and related methodologies.
  • Purposes of Research: Discusses the primary objectives and societal benefits of conducting research.
  • Characteristics of Good Research: Defines the hallmarks of effective research, focusing on methodical and unbiased approaches.
  • Kinds & Classification of Research: Classifies research based on purpose, goal, and methodology, encompassing various types of analyses.
  • Hindrances to Scientific Inquiry: Identifies obstacles that often hinder the process of scientific inquiry including biases and errors.
  • The Research Problem: Addresses how to properly formulate research problems, providing guidelines and key considerations.
  • Title Development: Guidelines on crafting research titles that effectively encapsulate the study's scope.
  • Statement of the Problem: Outlines how to create clear, researchable problem statements for empirical investigation.
  • Hypothesis: Discusses the formulation of hypotheses, differentiating between operational and null hypotheses.
  • Activity: Provides practical activities for applying research concepts, including stress management research among students.
  • Group Activity: Encourages group interaction through the development of concept papers, focusing on research elements.

METHODS OF

RESEARCH
AN INTRODUCTION

OUTLINE

Meaning of Research
Purposes of Research
Characteristics of Good Research
Kinds and Classifications of Research
The Scientific Method of Research
The Research Problem
Title, Statement of the Problem &
Hypothesis

Brief Activity
Arrange the steps of scientific method of
research :
Research design
Implications & conclusions
Hypothesis
Library research
Collect data
Problem identification
Analyze data
Recommendation

Meanings of Research

Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry,


varying techniques and method

A systematic search for pertinent


information on a specific topic/problem.

Purposes of Research

Good life

Deeper understanding

Improve judgment & decision-making

Satisfy curiosity

Promote health & prolong life

Characteristics of
GOOD RESEARCH

1. Systematic
2. controlled
3. Empirical
4. Analytical
5. Objective, unbiased & logical
6. Original work
7. Done by an expert
8. Accurate investigation, observation & description
9. Patient & unhurried
10. Effort-making capacity
11. Requires courage

Kinds & Classification

A. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
Predictive

or prognostic

Directive
Illuminative

Kinds & Classification

B. ACCORDING TO GOAL
Basic

or pure research
Applied

Kinds & Classification

C. ACCORDING TO THE
LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION
Exploratory
Descriptive
Experimental

D. ACCORDING TO THE TYPE


OF ANALYSIS
Analytic
Holistic

Kinds & Classification

E. ACCORDING TO SCOPE
Action

research

F. ACCORDING TO CHOICE
OF ANSWERS TO
PROBLEMS
Evaluation
Developmental

Kinds & Classification

G. ACCORDING
TOSTATISTICAL CONTENT
Quantitative
Non-

quantitative

H. ACCORDING
TOTIME ELEMENT
Historical
Descriptive
Experimental

Hindrances to Scientific
Inquiry
Illogical reasoning mystification

Tradition

to err is human

Authority
Inaccurate
observation
Overgeneralization

Selective observation
Made-up information

dogmatism

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM

Elements:

Why conduct the study?


What is to be studied?
Where to be conducted?
When is the study to be carreid out?
Who will participate the study?

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:

Chosen
Interest
Specialization
Competence
Financial Capacity
Researchable& Manageable

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:

Researchable & Manageable

Data access,
criteria-laden,
answers sub-problems,
hypothesis is testable,
valid & reliable tools,
time-bound,
significant/relevant to present situations,
Practicality and implement ability of results
Original, critical and reflective thinking in solving
Has delimitations

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:
Time-bounded
Significant/relevant

to present situations,
Practicality and implement ability of
results
Original, critical and reflective thinking in
solving

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:
Has contributions: national, local, human
knowledge, solutions to problems
Do not advocate the antisocial values (drug
addiction, cruelty, hatred, multiple sex mating,
etc.)
Return of investment: monetary, promotion,
skills in the profession, prestige & reputation

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:
Considers hazards involved, either physical,
social or legal

TITLE DEVELOPMENT

CHARACTERISTICS:

Formulated ahead of the conduct research.


Contain the subject matter , the locale,
population, and period of the study.
Indicates what is expected to be found
inside the thesis report.
Brief & concise.
Written in inverted pyramid, all words are
capitalized

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:

Formulated ahead of the conduct research


Interrogative format
Clear & unequivocal
Researchable
Answers are interpreted independently
Each question contributes to the
development of the whole research topic

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

GUIDELINES:

NOTE
Before

writing the specific questions, determine


first the different aspects of research problem
to be studied and for each aspect make one
specific question (sub- questions if necessary).

Start with general statement of the


problem and subquestions afterwards.

HYPOTHESIS
Tentative conclusion to a specific question;
an educated guess for a specific question

2 FORMS

Operational
Null Form

FUNCTIONS

Designing the study


Determine assumptions
Determining the relevance of the study
Bases for explanation of the gathered data
Aid in consolidating findings and formulating conclusions

Activity

1. Academic stress and self-regulation


strategies among senior college students
2. Stress Management and academic
performance of PolSci Students

Group Activity
Develop a concept paper for
a possible research undertaking and
formulate the following:
A. TITLE
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
a.
b.

General
Specific Questions

C. Hypothesis
a. operational

b. Null form
* Report your agreed concept paper in the class.

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