Growth and Development

Nursing 346

Objectives
At the completion of this lesson the learner will:
Identify normal sequence of growth and development
for the preschool period.
Identify developmental milestones for the preschool
period.
Identify abnormal alterations in growth and
development for the preschool period
Identify common issues related to growth and
development of the preschool period.
Discuss appropriate anticipatory guidance for the
preschool period
Develop a plan to address parent concerns for common
developmental issues of the preschool period.

Pre-school
Age 3-6 years
Physical growth
Average of 5 pounds/year
Average pf 2.5-3 inches/year

Organ Maturation
Mostly mature systems; continued refinement
Loss of baby fat and increase in muscle

Psychosocial
Erikson: Initiative vs guilt
Curious and inquisitive excited about learning
Pride in accomplishments leads to initiative
Overextending of self can lead to sense of guilt

Piaget: preoperational (4-7 years= intuitive)

Conscious development is completed which
is the basis for moral development

Cognitive
Magical thinking
Imaginary friends
Transduction
Animism

Motor

Language and
communication

Emotional Social
Development
Social skills
Among others
being able to express and demonstrate feelings
Kindness, helping behaviors
Making friends (learn how to make and keep
friends)

Fears
Many fears
Need skills to address fears

Role of the Nurse

Context
Assessment
Nursing diagnoses and plan
Anticipatory
Health promotion
EDUCATE!!!

Signs of Developmental
Delay

Health Promotion
Play and Learning
Safety
Car
Home
Water

Nutrition
My plate
http://www.choosemyplate.gov

Sleep
Oral care
Discipline

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler

500 to 800 mg calcium

10 mg iron
19 mg fiber
Fat intake no less than 20% and no
more than 30% daily calories
Saturated fats less than 10%

Diet high in nutrient-rich foods

Limited amounts of poor, high-calorie
foods

Developmental Issues for

Preschoolers
Lying
Sex education
Masturbation