Course Content: 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date I Insert Classification Level

Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview

Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling incl. HSPA
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSPA RRM and parameters
I insert classification level

1
Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:

Describe the purpose of RRM
List the RRM functional entities
Describe the purpose of each of the RRM functional entities
Identify the location of RRM entities
Identify relationships between RRM entities
Soc Classification level

2

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA

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Radio Resource Management
adio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optim

utilisation of the air interface resources
Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:
The planned coverage for each targeted service
High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)
The required Quality of Service (QoS)
Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)
By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in accordance
with user requests
Link Quality
Cell Capacity
4
RRM
Cell Coverage
RRM Tasks
RRM must be able to:
Predict the impact on interference (power) of
the admitting a new user for UL & DL
Provide different quality of service for real

time (RT) and non-real time (NRT) users
Take appropriate corrective action when the
different cell load thresholds are exceeded in
order to maintain cell stability (i.e. load
control)
Overload Margin
Load Target
Power
Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call

admissions, bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in
accordance with prevailing load conditions
Overload
Time
Estimated
capacity for
NRT
trafficload
Measured
caused
by non-controllable
load (RT)
RT services must have higher quality assurance

than NRT

5
RRM Functional Split

RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e.
algorithms)
These functions can be divided into;
Cell Based
LC
Load control (LC)
RM
Admission control (AC)

Packet scheduling (PS)
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Resource manager (RM)
Connection Based
PS
AC
Cell based functions
PC
HC
Handover control (HC)

Power control (PC)
6
Connection based functions

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

7
Load control States

The load control function within RRM can be divided:
Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)
Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)
Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)

Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)
RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities
The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell and with surrounding
cells
Overload Control
Preventative Load Control
Estimated capacity for

NRT traffic.
Power
Overload
threshold x
Load Target
threshold y

8
Time
Measured load caused

by non-controllable load
(RT)
Load Control
Load change
info
Load
status
NRT load
LC
AC
PS
LC performs the function of load control in association with AC & PS

Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC and PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to PS and AC;
Interference levels
BTS power levels
Non-controllable load
9

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

10
Admission Control
Responsible for maximising capacity (throughput) whilst providing the required quality of
service for RT traffic.
Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned coverage or quality of existing
connections
Determines whether RABs can be admitted to the RAN
Handles RT RABs alone by estimating the increase in non-controllable load
With PS decides whether to allocate resources to NRT RABs
In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS are used
In RAS06 also the UL throughput is considered for AC
Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, for example

Bearer class
Transport Formats
AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, for example
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target
Initial DL transmission power
11
Admission Control, RAS05.1 picture

In uplink the total received wideband interference power measured indicates the traffic
load of the radio resources .
UL interference power
PrxTotal
Prx_target_BS
Marginal load area
RNP
decision
thresholds
Prx_target
Planned load area
Load
For downlink the power change caused by new RT service is obtained from the
maximum allowed DL transmission power for the service.
In the admission decision procedure new call (or modified existing call) is admitted if
both UL and DL admission decisions are passed
12
Admission Control, RAS06 picture, UL

Throughput thresholds are calculated from new, configurable Prx thresholds
Noise Rise
i-factor
Maximum
throughput
DCH
PrxOffset
PrxLoadMarginMaxDCH
PrxTarget
PrxLoadMarginDCH

13
Minimum
throughput
DCH
Own Cell Load
Factor
(throughput)

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

14
Packet Scheduler in RNC

Responsible for scheduling radio
resources for both UL and DL
NRT RABs
Scheduling period
RNP parameters
defined
power
Overload threshold
Target threshold
by
PS
relies
on
up-to-date
information from AC and LC
Total Load
controllable load
non-controllable load
Capacity allocated on a needs

time
basis using best effort approach
PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing
conditions & accurate (up-to-date load info)
Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports

(governed by RNP parameters)
PS comprises two parts: UE specific & Cell specific
15
Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

HSUPA is a marketing name for 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced-DCH
main characteristics:
Fast WBTS packet scheduling
Dedicated channel
Rel99
DCH
Rel5
HSDPA
Rel6
HSUPA
Var. spreading factor
Fast power control
Adaptive modulation
WBTS based scheduling
Fast L1 HARQ
Soft Handover
TTI length [ms]
80,40,20,1
0
10,2
L1 HARQ algorithms (CC, IR)

2ms or 10ms TTI periods
Soft Handover
very small SF (2,4)

16
Feature

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

17
Power Control
Since WCDMA system is interference limited it is beneficial to reduce
transmission power as far as possible.
Thus, the target of power control (PC) is to achieve the minimum signal-tointerference ratio (SIR) that is required to offer sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.
MS
BS
RNC
Power Control

18
Power Control
Load
Control
Power Control
Handover
Control
Admission
Load
Control
Control
Packet
Scheduler

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

19

HC is responsible for
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE move
around network
Maintaining high capacity by ensuring UE is always served by
strongest cell
Soft(er) Handover
Intra-frequency
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-System
WCDMA to WCDMA
Inter-frequency
Hard Handover
Intra-frequency
Requires
Compressed
Mode or Dual
Receiver UE
Inter-System
(Inter-RAT)
WCDMA to GSM
WCDMA to GPRS
GSM to WCDMA
GPRS to WCDMA
20
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Inter-frequency
Hard Handover
Intra-layer
Inter-layer

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

21

Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with AC
and PS
On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates;
DL spreading code
UL scrambling code
Code Type
Scrambling codes
Uplink
User separation
Downlink
Cell separation
Users
within one cell
Spreading codes
Data & control channels from same
UE
Also looks after code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);

Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch
Code de-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system
DL spreading code allocation for HSDPA users can be dynamic in RAS06

22

Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
RRM of HSPA

23
HSDPA - general principle

Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
1 6 Q A M 3 /4
Data
20
40
60
80
Tim e [n u m b e r o f TTIs ]
100
120
140
160
1 6 Q A M 2 /4
Q P S K 3 /4
Q P S K 2 /4
UE1
Q P S K 1 /4
Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)
UE2
Data
New
Newbase
basestation
stationfunctions
functions
HARQ
HARQretransmissions
retransmissions
Modulation/coding
Modulation/codingselection
selection(16QAM)
(16QAM)
Packet
Packetdata
datascheduling
scheduling(short
(shortTTI)
TTI)
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed

Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback
information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state.
24
Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

HSUPA is a marketing name for 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced-DCH
main characteristics:
Fast WBTS packet scheduling
Dedicated channel
Rel99
DCH
Rel5
HSDPA
Rel6
HSUPA
Var. spreading factor
Fast power control
Adaptive modulation
WBTS based scheduling
Fast L1 HARQ
Soft Handover
TTI length [ms]
80,40,20,1
0
10,2
L1 HARQ algorithms (CC, IR)

2ms or 10ms TTI periods
Soft Handover
very small SF (2,4)

25
Feature

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Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview

I insert classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Radio Resource Management Overview

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Radio Resource Management

adio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optim

Presentation / Author / Date

Provide different quality of service for real

Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call

RT services must have higher quality assurance

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

RRM Functional Split

Load control (LC)

Admission control (AC)

Cell based functions

Handover control (HC)

Presentation / Author / Date

Connection based functions

Radio Resource Management Overview

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Load control States

Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)

Estimated capacity for

Soc Classification level

Measured load caused

LC performs the function of load control in association with AC & PS

Presentation / Author / Date

Radio Resource Management Overview

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, for example

Presentation / Author / Date

Admission Control, RAS05.1 picture

Planned load area

Presentation / Author / Date

Admission Control, RAS06 picture, UL

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Radio Resource Management Overview

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Packet Scheduler in RNC

Capacity allocated on a needs

Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports

Presentation / Author / Date

Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

Var. spreading factor

Fast power control

WBTS based scheduling

TTI length [ms]

L1 HARQ algorithms (CC, IR)

Soc Classification level

Presentation / Author / Date

Radio Resource Management Overview

Soc Classification level