Grammar: The Basics

This or That ?

Which image do you see?

A vase or two faces?

A young girls face or an old

womans face?

Sentences Construction
Objective

Understand the difference between SVO / SOV

Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction

Sentence Structure

Subject +Verb+Object
I + eat + food

Subject +Object +Verb

I + food + eat

Gamer Grammar
Objective

Identify the commonly made mistakes while

speaking in English

To increase fluency in English

Building Blocks

ion
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Inte

t io n
c
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Con

t io n
i
s
o
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Pre

un
Prono
Noun

of
Parts
ch
Spee

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Adve

Verb

tive
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Parts Of Speech

Noun

Noun: is a word used as the name, animal,

place, or thing.

Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary

Place: home, office, town, countryside
Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey
Thing: book, pen, room, tree

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Types Of Nouns

Common Noun
Proper Noun
Collective Noun
Abstract Noun
Countable / Uncountable Nouns

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Common

Noun

Is a name given in common to

every person or thing of the
same class or kind.
E.g.
City,

man, boat, and radio

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Proper

Noun

Name of a specific person, place

or thing.
E.g.

Eiffel Tower, India,

Mr. Will Smith, Nokia

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Collective

Noun

Name of a number ( or collection) of

persons or things taken together and
spoken of as a whole.
E.g.

A Crowd -a collection of people

An Army - collection of soldiers

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Abstract

Noun

Is usually the name of a quality, action, or

state.
E.g.

Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty

Action - laughter, theft

State - sleep, sickness

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Countable

Noun

(or countables) are the names of objects, people,

etc. that we can count.
E.g. book, pen, apple, boy
Uncountable

noun

(or uncountables) are the names of things which

cannot count.
E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Lisa works as a programmer at

Microsoft.

Let's have lunch at McDonalds.

Mc Donalds

Mc Donalds

Parts Of Speech

Noun

The sun sheds its beams on rich and

poor alike.

Edward was a great king.

The rose smells sweet.

A flock of sheep is passing by.

George was a brave soldier.

Name, Place, Animal, Thing

Fun

time

Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference

Proper
Noun

Common
Noun

Collective
Noun

Abstract
Noun

Peter

Postman

Poultry

Prayer

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Pronoun:

is a word used instead of a noun.

E.g.

Tim is absent, because he is ill.

This book is mine.

It is doubtful whether he will come for the party.

Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
E.g.

Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is

beautiful.
With pronouns, we can say:

Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is

beautiful.

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Personal

Pronoun:

I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns because
they stand for three persons.
E.g.

The person speaking This is my book

The person spoken to Those are your books

The person spoken of- That is her book

Parts Of Speech

Anybody

Pronoun

Each
Indefinite

Pronoun

Refers to noun that are indefinite.

E.g.

One evening a beggar came to my door.

Somebody stole the mangoes.

Either
None
Someone
One
Few

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Relative

Pronoun- such as that, who,

This, That

which, whose and whom which give extra

These, Those
information about the subject.
E.g.

Who, Whom

The woman who interviewed me was very

Whose, Which
friendly.

I can't stand dogs that bark loudly.

What

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Myself
Reflexive

Pronoun

Pronouns combined with self or

selves to emphasize the subject of
the verb.

E.g.
I hurt myself.

Yourself
Himself
Ourselves
Themselves

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Person and Number

Subjective

Possessive

Subjective

First Person Singular

Mine

Me

First Person Plural

We

Ours

Us

Second Person Singular

You

Yours

You

Second Person Plural

You

Yours

You

Third Person Singular

Third Person Plural

He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it

They

Theirs

They

Lie detector
Lets

have some fun

I am born in
New York

I love
Chinese
Food

I love
scuba
diving

Parts Of Speech

Adjectives

An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun, pronoun

or another adjective. An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a
noun. Adjectives can be used before a noun or after certain
verbs. We can often use two or more adjectives together.

E.g.

A big car

I like Chinese food

It is a tough decision

A beautiful young French lady

Parts Of Speech

Adjectives
Adjective Patterns:

Adjectives can come before noun: a new car

Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become,

seem, look, etc.: that car looks fast

They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car

Name Chain
Hi! Im
Witty
William

Fun

Hi! This is
my friend
Witty William
And I am
Energetic
Esther

Time
Hi! Thats Witty
William, this is
Energetic
Esther and I am
Helpful Henry

Parts Of Speech

Verb

Verb: is a word that tells

something about a
person or thing.
E.g.

The sun shines brightly.

Harry laughs.

Parts Of Speech

Verb

Types of Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs

Regular Verbs

Irregular Verbs

Modal Verbs

Parts Of Speech

Verb

Auxiliary Verb: To Do, Be and Have are the English

auxiliary verbs / helping verbs used in a negative
structure, a question or to show tenses.

Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas

such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity.
E.g.
Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should

Parts Of Speech

Verb

Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the

pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past
participles.
E.g. walk / walked / walked

Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not

take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past
Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.

Parts Of Speech

Verb

Irregular

Types of Verbs

Verbs

Base Form

Past Tense

Past Participle

Shut
Read

Shut
Read

Shut
Read

Sit
Build

Sat
Built

Sat
Built

Know
See

Knew
Saw

Known
Seen

Parts Of Speech

Verb

Characteristics of Verbs

Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence.

E.g.

Chris paints well.

Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and

number (singular and plural) with the subject of the
sentence.

E.g.

She sings sweetly.

They sing sweetly.

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
Adverb - An adverb is a word that tells us

more about a verb. An adverb "qualifies" or

"modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also
modify adjectives, or even other adverbs.
E.g.

The man ran quickly.

Tara is really beautiful.

The Cell phone works very well.

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
Characteristics of Adverb
1.

Function
The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more
information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
Modify a verb:
- John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)
- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)
- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)
(In the following examples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is in purple.)

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
2.

Form

Many adverbs end in -ly.

E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly.

But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs.

E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective.

Some adverbs have no particular form.

E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
3. Position
Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:

Front (before the subject):

- Now we will study adverbs.

Middle (between the subject and the main verb):

- We often study adverbs.

End (after the verb or object):

Dumbverb
Lets

have some fun

Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the

same.

E.g.
Harry and Sally dance gracefully.

Parts Of Speech

Prepositions
Prepositions:

are words that we can use to

indicate time, place and space.
PREPOSITIONS

Period/Point of Time
During
Throughout
At

Position
In, Under, Over, Beside,
Between, Opposite,
Among, Between

Direction
Towards
Past
Around

Parts Of Speech

Prepositions
Commonly used Prepositions
Aboard

About

Above

Across

After

Against

Along

Among

Around

At

Before

Behind

Below

Beneath

Beside

Between

Beyond

By

Down

During

Except

For

From

Into

Like

Of

On

Over

Since

To

Within

In

Up

Over

Off

Towards

Under

Until

Upon

With

Parts Of Speech

Prepositions

We went to school on Monday.

My plane stopped at Washington and New

Jersey and arrived in New York two hours
late.

Lord of the Ad world

Fun Time
Identify slogans with Prepositions in them
E.g.
Lets go in an ALTO Maruti

King of good times - Kingfisher

er
h
fis
g
n
Ki

Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions
Coordinating

Conjunctions -

are used to join two parts of a sentence

that are grammatically equal. The two
parts may be single words or clauses.
E.g.

Jack and Jill went up the hill.

The water was warm but I didn't go
swimming.

F For
A And
N Nor
B But
O Or
Y Yet
S - So

Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions
Subordinating

conjunctions - Since, Because,

A word or words used to

connect unequal parts of a
sentence.
E.g.
I went swimming, although it was
cold.

If, After, Until,

Although, Before,
As Though, Though,
When, Unless
As

Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions
Correlative

Conjunctions

A pair of conjunctions used to show a

comparison. (They are also known as
paired conjunctions)
E.g.
Not only is she rich, but also intelligent.

Both-and
Either-or
Neither-nor
Since-therefore
If-then
Not only-but also

Conjingle

Fun

For

But
And

time
So

Nor

Also

Alas
Parts Of Speech

Interjection

Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections

are short exclamations like Hello!, Bravo!, Alas! or Ah!
They have no real grammatical value but we use them
quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing.
When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they
have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An
interjection is followed by an exclamation mark (!) when
written.

Hi !
Parts Of Speech

What's new?

Interjection
E.g.

"Hey ! look at that!"

(calling attention )

"Hi ! What's new?"

(expressing greeting )

"Well ! what did he say?"

(introducing a remark )

Well !
what did he
say?

Subjects and Verbs

Objective

Identify the correct usage of Subject and Verb in a

sentence

Identify the correct usage of Subjects and Verbs while

speaking in English

Subjects and Verbs

Verb: The part of speech that expresses action, or state
of being.

Subject: The part which names the person or thing we

are speaking about in a sentence.

Subjects and Verbs

Subject and Verb Agreement
The Verb agrees with the Subject in Number and
Person
E.g. Sam and Harry are friends.

Subjects and Verbs

Harry

Harry Potter is an interesting

book.

Every boy and girl is ready to

run for the marathon.

Potter

Articles
Objective

Identify the mechanisms to use articles

appropriately.

Articles
Articles:

are Determiners.

Types Of Articles

Indefinite A / AN
Definite THE

Articles
Indefinite

Article (A)

A dog is a faithful animal.

A man is known by the company he

keeps

Articles
Indefinite

Article (AN)

An Apple

An Honest Man

Articles
Definite

Article ( THE)

Lets go to the Golf Club.

The Solar System.

Articles
Lets have fun
Identify articles in the songs
(Clips to be added)

Tenses
Objective

Identify the correct usage of Tense in a sentence

Identify the correct usage of Tense while speaking in

English

Tenses

The Tense of a verb shows the time of action or event.

Verb tenses are tools that English speakers use to

express time in language.

Tenses

There are three main Tenses:

Present Tense: a verb that refers to the present time.

E.g. I write a letter.

Past Tense: a verb that refers to the past time.

E.g. I wrote a letter.

Future Tense: a verb that refers to the future time. E.g.

I will write a letter.

Tenses
Simple Present
I study English everyday.

Present Continuous
IS / AM / ARE +
verb in ING
I am studying English now.

Simple Past

Simple Future

Two years ago, I studied English

in England.

I will be studying English next

year.

Past Continuous

Future Continuous

WAS / WERE + verb in ING

I was studying English when you
called yesterday.

SHALL / WILL + BE + verb

in ING
I will be studying English when
you arrive tonight.

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Future Perfect

HAS / HAVE + P.P

HAD + P.P.

SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in

ING

I have studied English in several

different countries.

I had studied a little English before

I moved to the U.S.

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

HAS / HAVE + BEEN + verb

in ING
I have been studying English for
five years.

HAD + BEEN + verb in ING

I had been studying English for five
years before I moved to the U.S.

I will be studying English when you

arrive tonight.

Future Perfect Continuous

SHALL / WILL + HAS / HAVE +
BEEN + verb in ING
I will have been studying English
for over two hours by the time you
arrive.

Tense Tenses
Fun

Time

Group A write a story in the Present

Group B write a story in the Past

Group C write a story in the Future

Question Tags
Objective

To aid formulating appropriate questions.

To learn to convert ideas or sentences into questions.

Question Tags

Question tags are a grammatical structure in which a

statement or idea is turned into a question by adding an
interrogative fragment
( tag ).

Their pattern is auxiliary + nt + subject, if the statement

is positive and auxiliary + subject, if the statement is
negative.

Question Tags
E.g.
Positive Sentence

He has left already, hasnt he?

Andrew came to school yesterday, didnt he?

Negative Sentence

He doesnt like tea, does he?

John cant speak English fluently, can he?

Question Tags
Peanut
Butter

Lets

have some fun

Madonna
New
York

Direct And Indirect Speech

Objective

To understand the two ways of relating and quoting what

someone has said.

Direct And Indirect Speech

In Direct Speech the original speakers exact words are

given and indicated by quotation marks ( )

E.g. I dont know what to do, said Dean.

In Indirect Speech the exact meaning of the speakers

words are given, but the exact words are not directly
quoted.

E.g. Dean said that he didnt know what to do.

Direct And Indirect Speech

Some pointers to convert Direct Speech into Indirect
Speech and vice versa.

If the main verb is in the past tense, the present tense

verbs in that sentence must be changed to past tense.

First and second person pronouns must be changed to

third person pronouns.

Direct And Indirect Speech

Voice

Objective
To create awareness that using the Passive Voice
sounds more objective.

Voice
Active Voice: The verb is active, when the subject
(agent) does the action (verb) to something (object).

E.g. The doctor wrote a prescription.

Passive Voice: The verb is passive,

when the subject takes the action upon itself.

E.g. The prescription was written by the doctor.

Voice

Creativity Unlimited
Sell

a refrigerator to an Eskimo

News Time

Charles and Camilla's wedding day

Aftermath of 9/11 gets film focus

Joseph Ratzinger is the new Pope

Beckham family affairs are fair game for the public

Movie Time

Thank You