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Angiography results:
6% regression
15% no change
79% progression
Results
Results of
of 25%
25% Fat
Fat and
and 200-250
200-250 mg
mg
Cholesterol
Cholesterol Diet
Diet
After 3 years After 7 years
41% had progression 77% had progression
• Reduced progression
frequency by half
• Increased regression
frequency by 200%
• Reduced cardiac
occurences by 75%
LDL
LDL Cholesterol
Cholesterol Changes
Changes inin the
the
Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
LDL Cholesterol
180
166 Exp.
160 Cont. 157
151
140
120
100 95
80
Baseline One year
HDL
HDL Cholesterol
Cholesterol Changes
Changes inin the
the
Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
HDL Cholesterol
60
53 Exp.
51
50 Cont.
40 39 37
30
20
10
0
Baseline One year
Triglyceride
Triglyceride Changes
Changes in
in the
the
Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
Triglycerides
270
Exp. 256
250
Cont.
230
216
210
210
199
190
170
150
Baseline One year
Heart-Related
Heart-Related Chest
Chest Pain
Pain in
in the
the
Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
Angina frequency/week
7
6.24
6
5.10 Exp.
5 Cont.
4
3
2.35
2
1 0.45
0
Baseline One year
Reasons
Reasons for
for Rapid
Rapid Angina
Angina
Reductions
Reductions with
with Lifestyle
Lifestyle Changes
Changes
Relaxation of blood vessels caused by
reduced serum cholesterol increases the
amount and effectiveness of nitric oxide in
the blood.
Further relaxation of arteries due to an
increase in arginine from vegetables (which
produces more nitric oxide) occurs before
blood cholesterol levels have lowered.
Arginine
Arginine Content
Content of
of Food
Food
Food Item Amount Arg (g)
American cheese 1 piece 0.2
Egg 1 ounce 0.2
Nonfat skim milk 1 cup 0.3
Beef sirloin steak 1 ounce 0.5
Firm tofu ½ cup 1.3
English walnuts ½ cup 1.3
Brazil nuts ½ cup 1.5
Almonds ½ cup 1.6
Arginine
Arginine Content
Content of
of Food
Food
Food Item Amount Arg (g)
Black walnuts ½ cup 2.3
Baby lima beans 1 cup 2.4
Red kidney beans 1 cup 2.6
Garbanzo beans/Chickpeas 1 cup 3.6
Lentils 1 cup 4.2
Soybeans 1 cup 5.3
Roasted pumpkin kernels ½ cup 6.2
Regular
Regular Exercise
Exercise Reduces
Reduces Risk
Risk of
of
Death
Death from
from Coronary
Coronary Heart
Heart Disease
Disease
5
4.5
4
Risk of 3
cardiovascular 2.2
mortality 2
1
1
0
2 1 0
Number of fitness tests passed
Changes
Changes inin Psychological
Psychological Distress
Distress
in
in the
the Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
Anxiety, depression, insomnia, & anhedonia index
30 Exp.
27.2
23.9 Cont. 24.1
25
20 19
15
10
5
0
Baseline One year
Adverse
Adverse Effects
Effects of
of “Cheating”
“Cheating” in
in
the
the Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
Angiographic results
6
5
% regression 4
of blood
3
vessel
blockage 2
1
0
Most adherence Medium Least adherence
adherence
Lifestyle
Lifestyle Heart
Heart Trial
Trial
Experimental
Experimental Group
Group Results
Results
After 1 Year:
• Improved quantitative arteriography
• Improved thallium-201 scintography
• Improved PET coronary circulation
• Improved psychosocial changes
• Improved lipoprotein/apoprotein profiles
(although triglycerides increased)
6
4 5%
2
Better
0
Percent change
-2
-4
-6
-8 -9%
-10
Experimental group Control group
Change in blood circulation
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