Vehicular Networks and Telematics Applications:

Next ICT Services industry for the

knowledge-based economy

By

T. Russell Hsing, Ph.D & IEEE Fellow

Visiting Chair Professor
College of Computer Science
National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Email: thsing@ieee.org
 Table of Contents

Introduction
Vehicular Infrastructure Integration & Connected Vehicles
Major Concerns and Key Objectives
dot-Car, dot-Road and dot-Net
Example: USDOT ITS/Telematics Program
Vehicular Networks & Telematics Applications
Standards
Opportunities, Challenges and Applications in Telematics
Conclusion (1): Major Challenges
Conclusion (2): Open Research Topics
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Transportation
2000BCand

Communications
3500BC

1769

1885

2000
2020

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 The Connected Vehicle Paradigm

Data Consumers
Data Analysis Center
Internet

Satellite

Virtual
Private
Network
Terrestrial Network Operations
Center
Entertainment
Portal
Content Providers

Peer Hot Spots &

Networking Roadside Equipment
Internet
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 What We really Need:
1. Knowledge-based Economy with High-Profit Margin Business
2. A Rich Portfolio of Intellectual Capital (IC)
3. Global Marketing/Sales, Alliance, and Distribution Channels

Proposed Solution:
Vehiclular Networks and Telematics Applications

Challenges and Opportunities:

Technologies
Standards
Government Policy
Business Model

Why ? How?
Connected-Vehicle Model is Rapidly Morphing

Car & Electronic Component Life Cycles diverging

- Automobiles - Median life is 9.2 yrs
- Design cycle is 3.5 yrs
- Components - Median life 2.0 yrs
- Development cycle 0.5 yrs

Closed electronic components & software under assault

- Open architectures (Android, iPhone 3G/4G)
- Carried-in devices (PNDs, cell phones, PDAs, mp3 players)

After-market devices for cars proliferate

- Mushrooming growth
- Advanced capabilities
- Have crossed impulse purchase thresholds
Major Concerns and Key Objectives
- Safety

- Traffic Congestion & Environment (i.e. Energy)

- Mobility Applications

- Privacy-Preserving Secured Communication

 Through
WiFi, GPRS, Edge, EVDO, Wireless 3G, WiMax, LTE, UMB, and
IMS/Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
This is all about
.NET .CAR .ROAD

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 .CAR
A Ubiquitous Communications Node
Driver/Passenger
Interior Sensors
Proactive Maintenance Productivity
and Self-Diagnosis
Front-end Information and
Collision Avoidance Entertainment
Rear-end
Tire Pressure Sensor Collision Avoidance
Lane Change / Merge
Collision Avoidance Lane or Road
Departure Warnings

GIS-based Services & Emergency

Response Voice Recognition
Situational Awareness:
and Communications
Local Facilities
Roadway Conditions
Traffic Information
Weather Information Seat-Back Display
Car/Driver Health

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 .ROAD
Ubiquitous Awareness for Transportation
Real-Time
Road Traffic and
Condition Reporting
to Reduce Congestion
and Accidents
Parking Information

Road-Side System
GIS-Based Services
EXPECT ICY ROADS
USE CAUTION Smart
Signs

Ramp Metering for

Electronic Toll Collection
Lane-Line RFID
for Location Tracking
Distance Marker
Lane/Road Sensors
for Departure Warnings
and Collision Avoidance
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 .NET Essential Infrastructure
is Well Under Way
3G / 4G poised to deliver unprecedented:
Coverage
Bandwidth

Latency

Reliability

Future wireless technologies

to deliver explosive range
& depth of services
Personalization
Immediacy

Anticipation
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 USDOT Connected Vehicle Research Focus Areas
Connected Vehicle Technology
Connected Vehicle Applications
Safety Applications

Vehicle to Vehicle Communications for Safety

Vehicle to Infrastructure Communications for Safety

Mobility Applications

Real-Time Data Capture and Management

Dynamic Mobility Applications (DMA)

Environmental Applications

Applications for the Environment: Real-Time Information Synthesis

(AERIS)
Road Weather Applications for Connected Vehicles

Connected Vehicle Technology Policy and Institutional Issues

Use of DSRC for V2V Safety Applications
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 Vehicular Networks & Telematics App.
Safety/Auto
Services

Navigation
& Mobility

Infotainment &
E-commerce V2I Communication
V2V Communication
Telematics Enabled Vehicles GPS

Connected Vehicle Services Enabling Trends

Safety/Auto services Smartphone Platforms
Driver Safety and Security App Store Business Model
Vehicle Maintenance Tethering for OBU
Navigation & Mobility OBU and Passenger Entertainment Systems
Traffic, ETA, POI, Localized Searches Embedded wireless and sensors
Tolls and Parking Smartphone integration with improved HMI
Infotainment & E-Commerce Infrastructure
Digital Content Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (Future)
Social Networking Cloud based delivery
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 End-to-end secure communications in vehicular
networks Private
servers
Road side
equipment Internet Public
Security requirements in vehicular networks servers
Authentication and data security
Privacy (Identity, location, type of service)
Secure broadcasts
Scalability & real-time response
V2I secure

V2V secure
Availability & malicious behaviour detection
In-network secure
communications communications communications

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 Security challenges & solutions
How can we secure vehicular communications while preserving users privacy?
Adaptive privacy-preserving vehicle authentication, authentication using symmetric random
key-sets
New PKI and certificate schemes (combinatorial certificate schemes, IBE)
Authenticated and encrypted broadcasts
Real-time response, limited bandwidth & scalability requirements?
New application layer security protocols for vehicular networks (e.g. VDTLS)
Malicious behaviour detection?
Non-interactive detection schemes

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 Why ITS Telematics Standards Are Important

Deliverstandards for transportation connectivity

Enable an interoperable ITS by cooperating with a
broad stakeholder community to ensure:
Standards development is a participatory process
Resulting standards are

Acceptable

Relevant to marketplace

Meeting public/consumer needs

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 US ITS Standards Development
Organizations (SDOs)
SDO Full Name
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APTA American Public Transportation Association
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

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 Cellular Wireless Technologies Evolution
1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G

EDGE LTE
(E-UTRAN
HSPA
NMT
W-CDMA HSDPA
GSM GPRS
(UMTS)
HSUPA
TACS
TD-SCDMA
(China) 3GPP
D-AMPS
(IS54/136)

AMPS
CDMA 1xEV-D0 1xEV-D0
1xRTT
(IS-95) Rev 0/A/B Rev C

3GPP2
1980 1990 2000 2010
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Questions:
Will 4G- LTE be sufficient enough to provide high
quality of Vehicular Services?

My own personal opinion: Not Really!

What should we do then?

- To start the Wireless 5G R&D work NOW to
solve the problems related to : (1) low latency
end-to-end network delay, (2) energy harvesting,
and (3) immediacy for needed services
 Conclusion: Major Challenges:

- Technologies

- Standards

- Government Policy

- Business Models
 End-to-End Automotive Telematics
Solution Ecosystem
Mobile Web-based Service
Wireless Customer Center
Access Access
Vehicle
Diagnostics
Wireless Application
Wireless IPIP
Network
Network Network
(Cellular, Network
(Cellular,
WiFi, Roadside
WiFi,
Telematics satellite)
satellite)
Services Platform, Assistance
Enabled Vehicle Applications,
Operations Support,
Billing
Other
Communication Applications
design and and
Services
software:
KT partnering with Supplier: OEM Dealer
OBE supplier
Operator:
3rd party service
OEM, KT or a 3rd party application
OEM and providers:
Wireless carrier: service providers:
Suppliers of Various providers of
KT, Sprint, Verizon, provider Various suppliers
on-board devices call center, roadside
at&t including Telcordia
assistance,

Solution Provider and System Integrator

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 The role of wireless technologies in
High Speed Rail (HSR)
Train Control System Acela
Express
Data transmission (Amtrak, USA)
Required high reliability and
security
Communication System TGV
(SCNF, France)
Voice communication
Train crews and operation
center
Data transmission
Tokaido
Diagnostics, CCTV or etc. Shinkansen
Passenger service (JRC, Japan)
Wi-Fi connecting to Internet
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 *Potential Challenges of using
Wireless Access Technologies for HSR
Train Control
In a few decades or later, many train control systems in the world not
only for HSR may replace all radio transmission facilities, less cables
and less facilities along tracks
USA, Europe: CBTC (Communication Based Train Control), refer to IEEE 1474
However, requires more intelligent radio software, in particular for HSR
Requires further wide frequency bands and further securable and reliable
transmission for safety operation
For instance, Cognitive Radio or to use White space technologies
Passenger Service
Also requires intelligent radio software
Larger needs to connect Web in the trains, and also larger amount of
communication due to rich contents
Convenient for competing airplane
Requires satellite to connect Web in an airplane

*These are speakars personal opinions only

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Telematics Opportunities

.NET .CAR .ROAD

Connectivity Communications Critical Data

& Services Node & In-Car & Situational
Network Awareness

Ubiquitous Telematics Services

A Partial list of Potential Key Players in US:

USDOT and States DOT

GM OnStar
FORD SYNC

CISCO
Qualcomm

Verizon (Acquired Hughes Telematics)

Sprint Nextel

Connected Vehicle Trade Association (CVTA)

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 Internet of Things >> Internet of Cars

To Promise a road system designed around

cooperative technology which could enable each
element of the traffic system cars, drivers, traffic
lights, road signs to cooperate proactively to
create a safer, and more efficient driving
experience. No road rage is required.

-From High-impact ICT research, Cooperative Vehicle

Infransture Systems (CVIS), EU Framework Program
(http://cordis.europa.edu/ictresults)
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