BI GING QUN L D N H THNG

THNG TIN

CHNG 4. CC QUY TRNH QUN L D N v

KHI NG, LP K HOCH D N

PGS. TS. H QUANG THY

H NI 01-2013
TRNG I HC CNG NGH
I HC QUC GIA H NI

1
 Ni dung
1. Cc quy trnh l d n
2. xut d n
3. Khi ng d n
4. Lp k hoch d n

Tham kho bi ging Qun l d n chng trnh o to Thc s v

Thng mi in t v CNTT-TT cho qun l ti the Polytechnic
University of Turin, 2010-2011 2
1. Cc quy trnh qun l d n
Khi nim qun l d n
Qun l d n l khi nim ch hot ng p dng kin thc,
k nng, cng c v k thut vo hot ng ca mt d n c
th nhm p ng cc yu cu ca d n (xem Chng 1).
Mt nh ngha khc: Mt tip cn c tnh t chc v phng
php lun coi d n nh mt mc tiu c bit ca t chc
nhm p ng ton b d kin v thi gian, gi thnh v cht
lng.
i hi cn bng gia:
nhu cu cnh tranh v phm vi, thi gian, chi ph, ri ro v cht lng;
cc bn lin quan vi cc nhu cu v k vng khc nhau;
Cc yu cu xc nh v khng xc nh

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Cc vng kin thc qun l d n

Ba nhm vng kin thc lin quan

T chc: Qun l ti nguyn con ngi, qun l truyn thng, qun l tch hp
D n: Qun l phm vi, qun l thi gian, qun l chi ph, qun l ri ro, qun l cht lng, qun l nh cung cp
Khch hng: Qun l hp ng

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Cc thnh phn qun l d n

Bn thnh phn qun l d n

Phng php lun: Lp k hoch d n, o lng d n, phn tch tin , c tnh hon thin
T chc: i d n, b phn d n
K thut: (i) WBS: Work breakdown structure; OBS: Organizational Breakdown Structure ; (ii) PERT: Project Evaluation and Review Technique, (iii) CPM: Critical path method; (iv) Gantt (chart):
s gng; (v) Earned Value.
Cng c: MS Project (Carl Chatfield, Timothy Johnson D. (2010). Microsoft Project 2010 Step by Step, Microsoft)/ Others

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S dng phng php lun
Tnh hiu qu trong qun l d n thi hnh c ch bi
n by ca kinh nghim:
Lp li nhng cng vic tt
Trnh c nhng iu ti
Nng cao s tin b trong qu trnh qun l
Mt phng php lun nhn dng c mt qu trnh
chung, s dng li c th p dng c cho mi d n mi
S dng mt phng php lun cho li th ln lao trong
qun l d n, lm tng ng k hiu nng d n
Rt gn thi gian thc hin d n do c phm v hiu qu hn
Gim thiu ri ro d n tng th
Tng hiu qu trong cc qu trnh to quyt nh
Tng thm s hi lng ca khch hng (theo ngha y mnh kinh
doanh)

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Phng php lun: cc c trng chnh
c trng ct li mt PPL hiu qu da trn cc qu
trnh tch hp, gm c:
Mt mc khuyn ngh chi tit
Mt nh ngha chun v khun mu
Cc k thut chun ha lp k hoch, lp tin , kim tra
tin b v lp bo co
Mt nh ngha cc giai on chun ha cho vng i d n
Cc phn t linh hot ph hp vi mi d n
Cung cp kh nng nng cao v ci tin hn na khi cn thit
Cu trc PPL da trn hng dn v t vn hn l chnh sch
v th tc cht ch
S ph bin ton b t chc/cng ty dng nh chng thc
chnh cho qun l d n

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Vng i d n
Mt d n, cng nh mt sn phm, c c trng
bng vng i ca mnh
c chia thnh mt s pha d qun l v iu khin
c t tng ng ~ vi cc phng php lun chun v c xc
nh trc
Vng i xc nh:
Bn cht ca cng vic/hot ng c a vo trong mi pha (chng
hn, hot ng chnh yu xc nh yu cu trong pha thit k hoc pha
thc thi)
Bn cht ca cc ti nguyn tham gia vo mi pha (chng hn, a
ngi pht trin phn mm vo pha thit k)
c trng in hnh ca vng i d n:
Chi ph v ti nguyn thu mn l thp trong pha khi ng; chng
tng ng k trong pha trung tm v gim nhanh vo thi gian cui
Kh nng chi phi kt qu n gim dn khi cc pha tip din v h
qu l gi thnh lm li tng ln
Xc sut thnh cng ca d n tng ln khi cc pha tin trin
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Pha trong vng i d n

Mi pha ca d n
L s ghi nhn vic hon thnh mt/mt vi kt qu chnh v
hon thnh cc sn phm lin quan (tnh phn pht)
Cc i tng hin v thy c l kt qu lgic ca mt/mt vi b
cng vic (chng hn, mt ti liu phn tch, mt mun phn mm c
hon thnh, mt cu trc t chc, mt hc liu )
Cc thnh phn lin quan mt cch lgic c tng hp li thi hnh
sn phm cui cng nh l mc tiu ca d n
S ghi nhn c tnh khi qut bi mt nh gi chnh thc (theo
cng giai on) bi c tnh phn pht v hiu qu d n theo
thi gian:
xc nh d n nn tip tc pha tip theo ca n (Quyt nh
Go/Not Go)
pht hin v lm chnh xc chi ph x l li mt cch hiu qu

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nh danh cc pha ca d n

Mt xc nh tng qut, chun gm c cc pha:

Xc nh d n (Define)
Lp k hoch v khi ng d n (Structure & Plan)
Thc hin d n (Execute, Control the Project, Report
project status)
ng d n (Close)

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Nh u t
Khi nim: nh u t d n l cc c nhn v t chc
c cun ht tch cc vo d n
Quan tm ca h c tc ng tch cc hoc tiu cc ti thc hin d n hay
hon thin d n
H c th a nh hng, trc tip hoc gin tip, ln d n v kt qu ca
n
Vi mi kiu d n, cc nh u t quan trng gm:
Ngi qun l d n: chu trch nhim qun l d n
Khch hng: s dng sn phm l kt qu ca d n
C quan thc hin d n: cung cp ti nguyn hin thc ha d n
Cc thnh vin trong i d n: nhm thc hin cc cng vic ca d n
Nh ti tr: cung cp ti nguyn ti chnh cho d n v h tr kt qu ca n
Mt s nh u t khc:
Nh thu ph
Ngi dng h thng

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Qun l k vng ca nh u t
hon thnh cc mc tiu ca d n, k vng ca mi
nh u t phi c qun l thch ng bng cch:
Nhn dng c mi nh u t
Xc nh yu cu ca mi nh u t lin quan ti d n
Qun l hiu qu ca cc kt qu d n theo s quan tm ca mi nh
u t
Qun l k vng nh u t l kh khn do h c cc
mc tiu khc bit m c th tr thnh xung t. Mt s
khc bit ni tri c th:
Gia cc thnh phn ngc nhau trong d n (khch hng nh cung
cp)
Gia cc b phn ni b trong mt thnh phn (chc nng khc nhau
hoc b phn khch hng)
Gia cc thnh phn tham gia d n v nhng ngi bn ngoi khc
(khch hng ngi s dng/ngi tiu dng khc)
Theo quy tc chung, nguyn l c bn gii quyt s
khc bit k vng gia cc nh u t d n l to ra u
th khch hng 12
Cc yu t thnh cng ca d n
Theo kinh nghim, cc yu t thnh cng ct li
Nng lc, c c t thnh phn i d n ti u theo ngha
Kin thc k thut
Kin thc kinh doanh ca ni dung d n
Nng lc quan h
Vn ha, t c t qun l i d n trong sut qu trnh thc
hin mi pha ca d n nh
Lp k hoch, pht trin v tin ha n
Thi hnh cng vic i d n
Kch thch s pht trin tinh thn hp lc t cc nng lc khc nhau
Phng php lun, da trn kinh nghim v c s dng
m bo cht lng ca qun l d n mt cch mch lc
Ngn nga cc vn do thc hin thiu mt hnh ng c lp
lch
Truyn thng, c cung cp theo mi mc thc hin v hot
ng hon thnh cc bi ton kha cnh ca chng. Cc thng
tin nn c cung cp m bo:
Tnh nh k v cp nht
Tnh trit
Sc tch
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Cc yu t thnh cng ca d n

Cc nng lc chnh, c tnh bn cht t c thnh

cng ca d n:
Lp k hoch v gim st/iu khin
m bo tnh trnh t, ng b v tch hp ca mi cng vic trong thi
hnh
Cung cp thng tin nh k v cp nht v tin d n v c lng tnh
hon thin
T chc, theo ngha nh ngha r rng - chnh xc vai tr v trch
nhim ca mi thnh vin ca i d n
Qun l cc xung t tim nng mt cch hiu qu
Thc thi s chuyn giao trch nhim

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c trng in hnh ca ngi QL d n

Ngi qun l d n cn c cc k nng lin ngnh,

gm c
Tnh lnh o mnh m
Nng lc t chc tt
tr tu hiu cc ch lin quan ti d n
Cc k nng truyn thng hiu qu
K nng lm vic nhiu ngi hiu qu
Kin thc v k thut qun l d n

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Ni thm v qu trnh qun l d n

Cc qu trnh qun l d n m t, t chc v hon thnh cc cng vic ca d n

c nhm ph hp vi cc pha ca d n
Pha xc nh d n: Define
Pha lp k hoch v khi ng d n: Structure & Plan
Pha thc thi d n (Implementation)
Thc hin
iu khin d n
Lp bo co hin trng d n
Pha ng d n (Clossure)
Cc qu trnh qun l d n l lin kt ch ch nhau
Trong ni b mi pha hon thnh qu trnh
Trong cc pha khc nhau thng qua cung cp u ra cho cc pha tip theo v nhn u vo t
cc pha trc

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Pha xc nh d n (define)
C cc nh gi ban u v c hi/sng kin quyt nh v kh nng v
thun li bt u d n
Cc hot ng chnh ca pha ny
Hiu v phn tch ng cnh trong c hi/sng kin c pht trin
Xc nh chin lc d n tng th nguyn thy
nh danh cc yu cu hiu sut mc cao (phm vi, phn b, cht lng)
Tnh ton mt c lng nht ct th v cc n lc cn c (thi gian v chi ph, nhu cu ti nguyn
v nh hng ca d n i vi cc b phn tham gia)
inh danh cc gi nh chnh da trn c lng n lc
Tnh ton th cc li ch bn cht theo u t
nh gi cc trng hp thay th (d n thay th, s b sung
im qua cc ri ro d n chnh v cung cp c lng ban u nh hng bn cht
c tnh cc n lc cn thit hon thnh k hoch d n chi tit (hoc chun b mt n lc cho
mt u thu cng cng). Ni dung ny l bt buc nh gi u t cui cng
Quyt nh Go/No Go (tip tc vi d n/n lc hoc b u thu)

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Pha xc nh d n (define)
Lc ca pha ny v lin ph thuc lin quan

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Pha lp k hoch v khi ng (Structure & Plan)
Ch yu l pht trin mc chi tit cao nht cng cc hot ng thc hin
pha trc. N hng ti mt k hoch cn thn chi tit cn thit khi ng d
n
Cc hot ng chnh ca pha ny
Xc nh phm vi d n
Xc nh cc hot ng ca d n
Xc nh cu trc t chc ca d n v ln k hoch ti nguyn cn thit
Chun b mt lch hnh ng
c tnh ngn sch
Phn tch ri ro v xc nh cc k hoch ng ph
Xc nh cc chun v th tc d n
Chun b Tuyn b d n
Thc hin nh gi kinh t cui cng (hon vn u t) v a ra quyt nh :Go/No Go:
Chun b xut d n (i vi cc d n da trn u thu cng v t nhn)
T chc hi tho khi ng khai trng chnh thc cc hot ng ca d n

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Pha lp k hoch v khi ng (Structure & Plan)
Lc ca pha ny v lin ph thuc lin quan

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Pha thc thi: Thc hin
Phi hp ti nguyn con ngi v cc vt liu khc t ti cc mc tiu
c ln k hoch
Cc hot ng chnh ca pha ny
Xc nh cc thay i ti phm v d n thng nht
Phn tch nh hng ca chng ln k hoch d n, v nhu cu ti nguyn v ngn
sch lin quan (a vo ti khon bt c lin quan ti d n)
Duy tr k hoch, ngn sch v cc ti nguyn (nu s thay i c ph duyt)
Gim st v gn cc vn m
Pht trin v cung cp ngun ng vin cho i d n
Gii quyt cc xung t
Phi hp cc hp ng ph
Qun l truyn thng ni b
Qun l quan h khch hng

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Pha thc thi: Thc hin
Lc ca pha ny v lin ph thuc lin quan

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Pha thc thi: Kim tra d n
Kim tra s t c mc tiu d n (thi gian, chi ph v cht lng),
phn tch mi bin i vi k hoch d n v nh danh cc hnh ng
chnh l thch hp
Cc hot ng chnh ca pha ny
Theo di v gim st tin d n (hot ng v chi ph)
a ph hp cc ti nguyn cn thit v k hoch d n t c cc mc
tiu ca d n v thi gian, chi ph v cht lng
nh danh v gii quyt cc vn m
nh danh v qun l cc ri ro d n
Theo di tnh trng v hiu qu bn cht ca cc d n lin quan
Phi hp cc nh v ti nguyn
nh gi v ph duyt mi phn b

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Pha thc thi: Kim tra d n
Lc ca pha ny v lin ph thuc lin quan

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Pha thc thi: Bo co hin trng d n

Kt xut bo co tin d n chnh thc cho php

truyn thng ni b (trong cng ty) v bn ngoi (khch
hng) v ph duyt hin trng d n
Cc hot ng chnh ca pha ny
Theo di v phn tch nh k tin d n
Thi gian: k hoch, thc t v c tnh hon thin
Ngn sch: k hoch, thc t v c tnh hon thin
Vn m: s lng, tin v thi gian tn ti
Ri ro: nh hng, xc sut v phng n i ph
Phn b: tnh hon thin v cht lng
Thng bo hin trng d n ti cu trc qun tr d n

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Pha thc thi: Bo co hin trng d n
Lc ca pha ny v lin ph thuc lin quan

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Pha ng d n: Closure
Thu nhn ca khch hng cui cng i vi mi phn b ca d n
v nh gi hiu nng h thng. Gii phng i d n v cu trc
d n
Cc hot ng chnh ca pha ny
Thc hin nh gi d n kt lun vi khch hng v s thu nhn kt qu
cui cng mi phn b d n
o lng hiu nng d n khi so snh vi thi gian v chi ph theo k hoch
Cu trc v lu gi thng tin v ti liu d n
Chun b bo co kt thc d n
Theo di v ghi nhn cc kinh nghim lin quan (lch s trng hp, bi
hc)

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Pha ng d n: Closure
Lc ca pha ny v lin ph thuc lin quan

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2. xut d n

Vi mi gi thu cng hoc t, hp ng thc hin d n c

quyt nh theo th tc chn nh cung cp c th. Th tc ny
t/nhiu cng phu v c th din ra trong mt thi gian di
Trong mi pha u thu, s nh gi c cn c vo xut,
ngy cng thm chi tit, m t cch d n c thc hin
RFI (Request for Information/Interest: i hi thng tin/quan tm):
mt cht t thng tin khi ng, phm v cha c xc nh, cn c
xut gii php v quan im ngn sch
RFP (Request for Proposal: i hi gii php): phm v c xc
nh, gii php c bn c nhn din, xut thi hnh c yu
cu, t chc d n v c tnh kinh t c xc nh sn sng
RFQ (Request for Quotation: i hi d ton): Phm v c xc
nh cht ch, gii php chi tit c nhn din, yu cu c sn
sng y , nh gi kinh t ca d n/hot ng (vi mt cu trc
cho) c i hi
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Chun b xut d n
Chun b d n thng l trch nhim ca mt i c bit
c thnh lp mt cch c bit theo nhu cu ny v t hi cc
nng lc sau
Qun l cc kha cnh thng mi v quan h khch hng (Account
Manager: ngi qun l ti khon)
C trch nhim cao trong xut tng th v qun l hot ng k thut
(BId Manager: ngi qun l u thu)
Chuyn gia k thut min/sn phm lin quan ti phm vi (Subject
Matter Expert: Chuyn gia min ng dng)
Phn tch ri ro v nh gi d n xut (Risk Manager: ngi qun l
ri ro)
H tr bo him cht lng (Quality Manager: ngi qun l cht lng)
iu rt quan trng l hnh nh chnh ca i khng thay i
cng lu cng tt sut cuc u thu, bo m (cam kt):
Mi quan h vi khch hng trong phm vi tip cn thng mi mch
lc
Gi tm nhn khi qut d n xut c lgic v nht qun
Hiu sut phn tch v m t chi tit cc gii php xut
nh gi nht qun trong phn tch ri ro d n
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Trch nhim trong d n
Bid Manager (ngi qun l u thu) chu trch nhim v
cc kha cnh k thut ca xut, c th lun phin, ng vai
tr c bit trong u thu (Proposal Manager) hoc trch
nhim d n sau ny (Project Manager); cc gii php khc
nhau di c th c p dng:
Project Manager: c th khng truy cp mi thng tin cn cho
xut nu chng phn b trong mt cng ty rng ln, chi phi nhiu
thi gian, cho mt vai tr khng c bit
Proposal Manager: gi xut c th khng chuyn giao ti QL d
n sau ny dn ti h qu l thiu ng lc v gia tng ri ro.
Project Manager vi s h tr ca Proposal Manager: gii quyt
c vn chuyn giao nhng khng l gii php hiu qu nht
Proposal Manager vi s h tr ca Project Manager: Qun l
xut gi trch nhim cho ti khi xut c khch hng chp
nhn. Mt s tnh hung a thch
l mt gii php hiu qu khi qun l xut bit cc ti nguyn ca cng ty
v tng tc vi qun l ti khon
Gii php ny m bo mt chuyn giao hiu qu: QL d n ng vi
xut, c th iu hng n v chp nhn ni dung k thut ca n m s31
c thi hnh trong sut d n.
Pha xc nh v quyt nh (Go/not go)
Chun b mt xut d n cho mt cuc u thu l mt u t to
ln m cn phi nh gi cn thn trc khi tham d,
nh gi nh vy l nhm vo cc qu trnh thuc pha xc nh d
n: cc ni dung ca chng phn nh d mc khi qut hn
nhng g ca pha lp k hoch tip theo (Khi ng v lp k
hoch)
Quyt nh i ti vic chun b xut hoc ti t b (quyt nh
Go/No Go) a trn kt qu cc phn tch nh vy v mi kha
cnh thi hnh d n
Qun l ti khon > Qun l cht lng
Qun l u thu > mi mc thc hin khc c lin quan
Quyt nh Go khi s pha sau y, nhm vo
Chun b xut bng t chc v lp k hoch d n
Bt u hot ng thit k (trong trng hp u thu thnh cng)

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T chc d n
T chun b xut, t chc d n cho php
Loi b hoc gim thiu s cha r rng
Nng cao tnh hiu qu ca cc hnh ng thi hnh
t c hiu bit tt hn v cc mc tiu ca d n
Cung cp mt im khi u theo di v iu khin cng vic thi hnh
Tr li cc cu hi
V sao d n l cn thit ? Mc tiu ca d n l g ?
Ci g nn c thi hnh ?
Ci g sn c ?/ im bt u t ci g ?
Phn b (chuyn giao) c lm ra theo cch thc no ?
Ai s to ra phn b ? Bao nhiu thi gian cho d n ?
Kt qu ca vic t chc v lp k hoch d n hi t vo phn b chnh ca pha ny: Bn tuyn b d n khi thy

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Hu qu ca mt t chc d n khng y

Thiu mt t chc v lp k hoch y s ngn cn t ti mc tiu d n theo cc mu in hnh

Khi ng d n (project kick-off)
Hng hi khi ng (Initial enthussiasm)
V mng (disenchantment)
Hn n (chaos)
Nghin cu iu sai tri (Research of guilty)
S trng pht v ti (Punisshment of innocents)
S tha mn ca ngi ngoi cuc (Rewarding of non participants)
Xc nh nhu cu

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3. Lp k hoch d n: nguyn l

Kin thc v hiu bit tt hn v hot ng ca d n trc khi

thc hin chng cho php lp k hoch chi tit cho hu ht cng
vic thc hin
Lp k hoch khng y dn n nhu cu cn nhiu thi gian
v ti nguyn thc hin cng mt hnh ng v qun l cc thay
i u th pha sau
Cng nhiu hot ng khng chnh xc v ngm nh th cng
nhiu thng tin cm n m bo s thi hnh hiu qu.

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Ranh gii ca d n

Nhm quy trnh khi to gm hai quy trnh: Pht trin tuyn b d n v Xc nh nh u t khi bt u mt d
n mi /mt pha mi ca mt d n.
Tuyn b d n
Bao gm: (i) Xc nh phm vi ban u; (ii) Cam kt ngun lc ban u v ti chnh; (iii) Xc nh cc nh u t: nhng ngi (bn
trong/bn ngoi)c tng tc v nh hng n kt qu chung ca d n; (iv)Ngi qun l d n; (v) K xc nhn ca cc bn
lin quan

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Hai quy trnh khi ng d n: Vo - Ra
Hai quy trnh khi ng d n: u vo v u ra
Trn: Quy trnh pht trin tuyn b d n
Di: Quy trnh xc nh nh u t

Hai quy trnh khi ng d n: u vo v u ra

Trn: Quy trnh pht trin tuyn b d n
Di: Quy trnh xc nh nh u t
37
u vo ca lp k hoch d n
u vo cn c bt u t chc v lp k hoch d n c c t cc hot ng c thc hin trong pha xc nh Define
Cc k hoch d n khc: gm cc k hoch thc hin v thi gian biu t cc pha khc hoc cc d n khc lin quan ti d n hin thi hoc pht trin nh hng trc tip/gin tip ln d n
ang lp k hoch
Thng tin nn: D liu thc s theo cc hot ng trc, tng t vi nhng ci c c trong lp k hoch, thi gian thnh tho, kch c kinh t
Chnh sch t chc: gm mi th v cu trc t chc d n c thi hnh (thng tin theo qu trnh ra quyt nh, chnh sch iu khin cht lng, qun l ti nguyn)
Cc rng buc: mi th hn ch m nh hng ti d n (ngn sch, thi gian, bn th ba) trong u thu, rng buc cn c rng buc vi khch hng v tnh trng/thao tc ca cc i th
chin thng u thu
Cc gi nh: gm cc yu t c tnh xc sut bn ngoi ti iu khin cu trc qun l d n , v vy, lp k hoch chnh xc cn quan tm tnh ng/hin thc (xut hin mt s kin tc ng
ti th phn, a ra mt lut)

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Kt qu lp k hoch d n: Tuyn b d n
Tuyn b d n l kt qu ca vic t chc v lp k hoch d n khi thy
Xc nh cc mc tiu d n
Xc nh phm v d n
nh gi cc hot ng
K hoch d n chi tit
Xc nh t chc d n
c tnh chi ph v a ra cc tiu ch hiu nng ch yu
Phn tch ri ro v lp k hoch cho s khng chc chn
Xc nh cc th tc cht lng
Xc nh cc chun v cc th tc d n
Tuyn b tng hp cc c trng d n chnh
Phin bn khi thy ca n trnh by mt im ch dn cho theo di v iu khin d n sau ny
Tuyn b cn c cp nht lin tc ph hp vi tin ha/tin d n

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Lp k hoch: Nhm quy trnh v lin quan

40
c im ca mc tiu d n

Bc u tin ca lp k hoch d n l xc nh cc mc tiu ca d n

Theo quy lut, mt mc tiu c nh danh vi mt kt qu, mt ch ch, mt hiu
sut buc phi t c trong mt thi gian nh trc, v vy n phi
C th, khng chung chung
Khng phc tp nng n
o c, hin v thm nh c
Thch hp, th v
Thc t v thc hin c
Ph hp vi ti nguyn sn c
Ph hp vi cc k hoch, chnh sch v cc th tc t chc

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Xc nh mc tiu d n

Trnh t xc nh mc tiu v mc ch
t cc cu hi
Quan tm n: con ngi, qu trnh v cng ngh
ng vin mc tiu -> mc tiu thc s -> khng nh
Nhm mc tiu thnh mc ch

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Vn quan trng khi xc nh mc tiu d n

Cc mc tiu d n thng khng c lp ln nhau

Tn ti s ph thuc gia cc mc tiu, c th hin/n
S t c mt mc tiu c th ph thuc vo s t c ca cc mc tiu khc
cn phi xc nh u tin gia cc mc tiu nhn ra cc mc tiu chin lc
Cc vn nh k khc khi xc nh mc tiu
Cc mc tiu c xc nh c th khng m bo mi nh u t d n
Thiu s thch nghi thay i danh sch u tin
Thiu thi gian xc nh thu o cc mc tiu d n
Xc nh s lng khng ng cc mc tiu d n
Vn bn ha mc tiu d n khng ng

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Qun l d n bng mc tiu

MBO (Management by objective) l phng php lun cho qun

l v gim st d n nhm ti s chia s v sp xp cc mc
tiu gia t chc v thnh vin i d n
Cho php qun l d n kiu tin phong (ch ng) hn l kiu phn
ng li (b ng)
nh hng kt qu v nhn mnh hnh ng hng ch
Tp trung vo nng cao hiu qu c mc c nhn ln mc t chc
M hnh thao tc i hi
Cc mc tiu chung ca d n nghing theo mi ti nguyn vi cc mc
khc nhau
Cc mc tiu c xc nh c th chu nh hng trc tip bi mi
ngun ti nguyn, mt ph thuc hiu nng thc s
Cc mc tiu c xc nh c khai bo trc khi d n c khi
ng v l chia s vi mi ti nguyn v c tip nhn chnh thc
Mt tp cc qu trnh ch tiu hiu nng v o lng ct li c xc
nh trc cho mi mc tiu
Mt khung thi gian cho t c mc tiu c xc nh trc khi d
n bt u

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Tip cn thit lp mc tiu

Tip cn truyn thng

T trn xung (top-down) thit lp cc mc tiu cp ton t chc v sau phn tch chng thnh cc mc tiu con ti mi cp trong t chc
Hn ch tip cn truyn thng
Cc mc tiu c xc nh c th khng m bo mi nh u t d n
Thiu s thch nghi thay i danh sch u tin
Thiu thi gian xc nh thu o cc mc tiu d n
Xc nh s lng khng ng cc mc tiu d n
Vn bn ha mc tiu d n khng ng
S khc bit gia hai tip cn
S khc bit gia MBO v tip cn truyn thng l thay v dng mc ch gim st, MBO s dng chng to ng mc cho nhn vin.

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Hnh nh tip cn truyn thng v MBO

MBO: Qu trnh m thng qua n, mc tiu c th c thit lp mt cch

kt hp gia ton b t chc v cc n v trong n; mc tiu sau c
dng lm c s lp k hoch, qun l cc hot ng ca t chc v
nh gi v khen thng ng gp

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Xc nh phm vi d n
Qu trnh xc nh phm vi d n thit lp cc rng buc cho thi hnh d n v nh danh cch thc qun l phm vi sut vng i d n
u vo ca xc nh phm v d n l
M t v cc c trng ca sn phm s thu c
Cc rng buc
Cc gi nh
Kt qu t cc k hoch d n khc (d n, thao tc pht trin cng ty)
Thng tin nn
Xc nh phm v d n l im bt u ca ton b t chc v lp k hoch d n, v vy:
Nn kim tra v thng nht vi khch hng trc khi quyt tin hnh lp k hoch hnh ng tip theo
iu bn cht l thu nhn c t khch hng mt ph duyt chnh thc v phm v d n (ngay trong tuyn b d n) trc khi d n bt u

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Cc chiu ca phm vi d n

Cc phn t nh hng ti n lc cn c thc thi d n c nhm li theo 5 nhm

Lgic: Cc rng buc lgic ca d n
T chc: Cc n v t chc tham gia vo d n
Thi gian: rng buc thi gian ca d n
Phn b: Cc phn b c to ra ph hp vi mc tiu (ti liu, phn mm)
Ti chnh: Chi phi thc hin cc cng vic ton b d n (ti nguyn bn trong v bn ngoi)

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Quan h phn b - mc tiu

Phn b
Mi thnh phn, sn phm hoc kt qu o c, hin v thm nh c c hin thc hon thin d n hoc mt phn ca n
Quan h phn b - mc tiu
Mi mc tiu phi t c vi t nht mt phn b
Mi phn b phi lin di vi t nht mt mc tiu

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nh hng ca mt phm vi khng r rng

Xc nh phm vi d n ng n l c tnh quyt nh cho thnh cng ca d n. Ngc li

Cng vic tr nn ngy cng rc ri v khng kim sot c
c tnh v chi ph v thi gian l khng thc t
Chi ph thc s v thi im kt thc d n khng th tin on trc tin cy

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