WEEK 6

Heat of solutions and mixing

Balances on dissolution &
mixing processes
Enthalpy concentration
charts single liquid phase
 8.5a Heat of solution and mixing (pg 396)

Heat of mixing (involve

mixing of two fluids)
heat of solution (involve
dissolution of solid or gas in a
fluid)
 Heat of solution, Hs (T,r):
When 1 mole of solute (gas or
solid) is dissolved in r moles of
a liquid solvent at a constant
temperature, T.
r = mol of solvent/mol of
solute
When r is very large, Hs ~ infinity
Value of Hs is available in Table
B.11
 Reference state to your
convenient
Pure solute and pure solvent
Eg. pure HCl(g) and H2O(l) at 25oC

H
H (r )
s
Pure solvent and infinitely dilute
solution at 25oC and 1 atm
nH
H (r ) nH
( )
s s
 Example

Calculate H for a process in which 2

mol of potassium cyanide (KCN) is
dissolved in 400 mol of water at 18oC.
H = nHs (kcal)
n = 2 mol
r = mol solvent/mol solute = 400/2
=200
Hs (ref B.11)
Test yourself
 8.5b Balances on Dissolution
and Mixing processes. Page 397

prepare inlet and outlet enthalpy table

For reference: consider the solution as
a single substance and the pure
component at 25oC as reference.
Calculate the specific Hs at the state
temperature.
Calculate the specific Hs at the
reference state
Add the Hs
 Example 8.5-1
Read the problem
Transfer the information into block diagram
Label each components
Solve the mass balance
Convert the mass balance into mole
balance
State the ref state of the energy balance
Transfer all known mole, known H and
unknown H into a table
Calculate each individual H
Calculate the Q
Enthalpy of each stream:
For pure compound use the
common method i.e. CpdT
For solution use Hs method
Could be in product or
reactant streams
dissolution or purification
processes
 Calculation of Hs

Determine the r = mole solvent/mole solute

Construct a hypothetical path
Hs H ref Hstate
H H
(HCl, g,250 C : H 2O, l,250 C) a (HCl, aq,250 C) b (HCl, aq,4
H a Hs (250 C, r 8.1)....refer Table B.11 or any Handbook
H b C pdT...get the C p from appendix of any suitable handbook
Hs Ha H b
 8.5C Enthalpy Concentration Charts single liquid phase.Page (399)

Figure 8.5.1
Enthalpy-concentration for H2SO4-H2O
Example 8.5-2
Adiabatic mixing processstraight line
connecting two point will determine the
required condition
Example 8.5-3
 Common equipment working under
adiabatic condition
Heater
Dryer
Cooler
Humidifier
Note: why they need adiabatic condition?
To make sure no heat lost or enter the system
which could disturb the objective of the
process i.e cooling/heating ect
Therefore the equipment have to be insulated
accordingly.