PRINCIPLES OF

CHEMISTRY
11. ENERGETICS
Objectives

Students will be able to:

▶ 11.1 Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic
reactions.
▶ 11.2 Draw energy profile diagrams to illustrate
endothermic and exothermic change.
▶ 11.3 Calculate energy changes from experiments or from
experimental data.
 What do we mean by energetics?
Energetics is the study of energy changes that take
place in a chemical reaction.
 Endothermic Process
To break a bond, energy (heat) has to be absorbed.
 Exothermic Process
When a bond is formed, energy (heat) is released.
 Endothermic Reaction
If the energy (heat) absorbed is greater than the
energy (heat) released, then the overall reaction is
ENDOTHERMIC.
 Exothermic Reaction
If the energy (heat) released is greater than the
energy (heat) absorbed, then the overall reaction is
EXOTHERMIC.
 Question
Draw an energy profile diagram for
A) an endothermic reaction.
B) an exothermic reaction.

On each energy profile diagram above include an

energy profile diagram for a catalyzed reaction.
Differences between endothermic and exothermic reactions
Measuring the heat (enthalpy) change, ΔH
 Heat of Solution
The change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance
is dissolved in an infinite amount of solvent so that
further dilution causes no further heat change.
 Question
Use following link to calculate heat of solution.
https://pages.uoregon.edu/tgreenbo/heat_soln.html

Calculate the heat of solution when 3g of NaOH is

added to 100cm3 of water.
Specific heat of water is 4.2J g-1 K-1
Density of water 1g cm-3
 Questions
1) Calculate the heat of solution when 2.5g of
NH4Cl is added to 20cm3 of water.

2) Calculate the heat of solution when 4.0g of Na2CO3

is added to 40cm3 of water.

Specific heat of water is 4.2J g-1 K-1

Density of water 1g cm-3
 Heat of Neutralization
The change in enthalpy when one mole of H+ ions
react with one mole of OH- to produce one mole of
H2O.
 Question
Calculate the heat of neutralization when 50 cm3 of 2
mol dm-3 of HCl at 25℃ reacts with 50 cm3 of 2 mol
dm-3 of NaOH at 25℃ and the temperature increases
to 36℃.

Assume that the specific heat capacity and density of

the solution is the same as for water.
References
▶ https://www.slideshare.net/eLearningJa/chem-mod-4-energetics

▶ http://employees.csbsju.edu/cschaller/Reactivity/thermo/TDenthalpy.htm

▶ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SV7U4yAXL5I

▶ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuWtBR-rDQk

▶ https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-exothermic-and-endothermic-
chemical-reactions

▶ http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/thermoche
m/heat_soln.html