THERMODYNAMICS

SEC-A

1. Name the variables which remain constants in (i) isobaric process, (ii) isothermal process,
(iii) adiabatic process, ( iv) isochoric process.
2. Give examples of state functions and path functions.
3. Give reason: Neither q nor w is a state function but ( q+w) is a state function.
4. What do you mean by thermodynamic equilibrium?
5. State the 1st law of thermodynamics. Give its mathematical form.
6. Under what conditions heat absorbed by a system is equal to the work done by the system?
7. Define heat capacity.
8. Derive the relation between CP and CV or 1 mol of ideal gas.
9. Classify the following as intensive and extensive property:
Temperature, density, enthalpy, molar heat capacity, free energy, molar free energy,.
10. When an ideal gas expands in vacuum, there is neither absorption nor evolution of heat.
Why?
11. Under what conditions is the heat of reaction equal to enthalpy change?
12. Define enthalpy of formation.
13. Define enthalpy of neutralization. The enthalpy of neutralization is always constant i.e.
57.1KJ/mol when a strong acid neutralizes a strong base. Why?
14. State Hess’s law of constant heat summation. Write the application od Hess’s law.
15. For an isolated system, ΔU = 0, what will be the sign of ΔS?
16. Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
17. State second law of thermodynamics.
18. Justify the following statements:
(i) Many thermodynamically feasible reactions do not occur under ordinary condition.
(ii) At low temperature, enthalpy change dominates the value of ΔG and at high
temperatures it is the entropy which dominates the value of ΔG.
19. Comment on the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure in the
following cases:
1. ΔH<0 and ΔS>0,
2. ΔH<0 and ΔS<0,
3. ΔH>0 and ΔS<0,
4. ΔH>0 and ΔS>0.
19. Why does entropy of a solid increases on fusion?
20. Why a nonspontaneous reaction becomes spontaneous when coupled with a suitable
spontaneous reaction?
21. For an exothermic reaction, what happens to the equilibrium constant if the temperature is
increased?
22. State the 3rd law of thermodynamics.
 SEC-B

1. In a process, 701 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J of work is done by the system.
What is the change in internal energy for the process/
2. If water is assumed to be a perfect gas , molar enthalpy change for vapourisation of 1 mole of
water at 1 bar and 1000C is 41 kJ/mole. Calculate the internal energy change when 1 mole of
water is vapourised at 1 bar pressure and 1000C.
3. Standard heat of formation of hydrazine (N2H4) , hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and water are –
50.4, -193.2 and -242.7kJ/mole respectively. Calculate the standard heat of formation for the
following reaction:
N2H4 (l) + 2H2O2(l) → N2(g) + 4 H2O(l).
4. Work done by 4 mole of an ideal gas in an isothermal reversible expansion at 300C is -9.5kJ. If
the initial volume of the gas is 30 L then what will be the final volume?
5. At 270C , 4.2 g of N2 gas is expanded reversibly and isothermally from a pressure 10 atm to 1
atm. Calculate q , ΔU, ΔH and w for this expansion. Assume that N2 behaves ideally.
6. The heat of combustion of carbon(s) , hydrogen(s) and sucrose(s) are -393.5, -286.2 and
-5644.2 KJ/mol respectively. Calculate the heat of formation of sucrose.
7. In the reaction C3H8(g) + 5 O2 → 3CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g) ; Calculate ΔH. Given that bond
energies of C-C , C-H, C=O O=O and O-H bonds are 347,414,741,498 and 464 kJ/mole
respectively.
8. Calculate the standard free energy for the reaction :
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(l).
Given that the standard free energies of formation (Δf0G) of NH3, NO and H2O are -16.8, +86.7
and -237.2 kJ/mole respectively. Predict the feasibility of the above reaction.
9. the equilibrium constant for a reaction is 10 at 270C. What will be the value of ΔG0?
10. Calculate the equilibrium constant ‘K’ for the following reaction at 400 K :
2NOCl ⇋ 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) . Given ΔrH0 = 80.0 kJ/mole , ΔS0 =120 JK-1mole-1at 400K.
11. The entropy of vapourisation of liquid ether at its boiling point (350C) is 26 kJ/mole.
Calculate the entropy change for liquid ether to its vapour state.
12. At what temperature will the reaction be spontaneous?
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
ΔH = -95.4 kJ/mol, ΔS = -198.3 J/K.