(Session: 2022-23)

TOPIC : THERMODYNAMICS

SUBJECT:CHEMISTRY CLASS: XI

I MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) The presence of reacting species in a covered beaker is an example of open system.
(b) There is an exchange of energy as well as matter between the system and the surroundings in a closed
system.
(c) The presence of reactants in a closed vessel made up of copper is an example of a closed system.
(d) The presence of reactants in a thermos flask or any other closed insulated vessel is an example of a closed
system.
2. The volume of gas is reduced to half of its original volume. The specific
heat will
(a) reduce to half (b) be doubled
(c) remain constant (d) increase four times
3. The entropy change can be calculated by using the expression ∆S = q rev / T.  When water freezes in a glass beaker,
choose the correct statement amongst the following:

(a) ∆S(system) decreases but ∆S(surroundings) remains the same.

(b) ∆S(system) increases but ∆S(surroundings) decreases.
(C) ∆S(system) decreases but ∆S(surroundmgs) increases.
(d) ∆S(system) decreases but ∆S(surroundings) also decreases.

4. Consider the reactions given below. On the basis of these reactions find out which of the algebraic relations given in
options (a) to (d) is correct?
(i) C(g) + 4H(g) → CH4(g); ∆rH= kJ mol-1
(ii) C(graphite, s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g); ∆rH = y kJ mol 1
(a) x = y                   (b) x = 2y           (c)x >y     (d)x< y

5. Which of the following is not correct?

(a) ∆G is zero for a reversible reaction.
(b) ∆G is positive for a spontaneous reaction
(c) ∆G is negative tor a spontaneous reaction
(d) ∆G is positive for a non-spontaneous reaction.

6. In an exothermic reaction, heat is evolved, and system loses heat to the surroundings. For such system
(a) qP will be negative                               
(b) ∆γH will be negative
(c) qp will be positive                                
(d) ∆γH will be positive.
7. The spontaneity means, having the potential to proceed without the assistance of external agency. The processes which
occur spontaneously are
(a) flow of heat from colder to warmer body.
(b) gas in a container contracting into one comer.
(c) gas expanding to fill the available volume.
(d) burning carbon in oxygen to give carbon dioxide.

8. Which of the following is a closed system?

(a) Pressure cooker

(b) Rocket engine during propulsion

(c) Tea placed in a steel kettle

(d) Jet engine

9. The state of a thermodynamic system is described by it’s measurable or macroscopic properties. These are-

(a) Pressure, volume, temperature and amount

(b) Volume, temperature and amount

(c)Pressure and temperature

(d) Pressure and volume

10. The system that would not allow exchange of heat between system and surrounding through it’s boundary is considered
as

(a) adiabatic

(b) isochoric

(c)isothermal

(d)isobaric

II- Assertion Reason MCQs

In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by a corresponding statement of
Reason (R). Of the statements, mark the correct answer as-

a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false
d) Is Assertion is false but the Reason is true.
e) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
11. Assertion : Enthalpy of formation of graphite is zero but of diamond it is not zero.
Reason : Enthalpy of formation of the most stable allotrope is taken as zero.

12. Assertion : Some salts are sparingly soluble in water at room temperature.
Reason : The entropy increases on dissolving the salts.

13. Assertion : Heat of neutralisation for both H2SO4 and HCl with NaOH is 53.7 kJ mol –1.
Reason : Both HCl and H2SO4 are strong acids.

14. Assertion : Decrease in free energy causes spontaneous reaction.

Reason : Spontaneous reactions are invariable exothermic reactions.

15. Assertion : U is a state function.

Reason : T is an intensive property.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS-

1. During complete combustion of one mole of butane, 2658 kJ of heat is released. The thermochemical reaction for
above change is

2. 18.0 g of water completely vapourises at 100°C and 1 bar pressure and the enthalpy change in the process is
40.79 kJ mol-1. What will be the enthalpy change for vapourising two moles of water under the same conditions?
What is the standard enthalpy of vapourisation for water?
3. a) At 298 K, Kp for the reaction N204(g)⇌ 2N02(g) is 0.98. Predict whether the reaction is spontaneous or not.
b) Identify the state functions and path functions out of the following :
enthalpy, entropy, heat, temperature, work, free energy

4. Which quantity out of ΔrG and ΔrG° will be zero at equilibrium and why?
5. How is delta U related with work done and heat? Predict the change in internal energy for an isolated system at
constant volume.
6. a) Given: N2(g) + 3H2(g)à 2NH3(g), ∆H0 = –92.4KJ.mol–1 What is the standard enthalpy of formation of
NH3(g).

b) For the reaction, 2 Cl(g) à Cl2(g), what are the signs of ∆H and ∆S ?
7. a) What is the physical significance of Gibbs free energy change of a system?
b) Why is it essential to mention physical states of reactants and products in thermochemical reactions?
8. a) What is the enthalpy of formation of Cl2?
b) For a reaction, if delta H and delta S are positive. What is the condition that this reaction occurs
spontaneously?
9. Define Entropy. What is the effect of increasing temperature on entropy of a substance?

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS-

10. .(a) Define standard molar enthalpy of formation.

(b) Calculate the enthalpy change for the process
CCl4(g) à C(g) + 4 Cl(g) and calculate bond enthalpy of C – Cl in CCl4(g).
∆vapH0(CCl4) = 30.5 kJ mol–1. ∆fH0 (CCl4) = –135.5 kJ mol–1. ∆aH0 (C) = 715.0 kJ mol–1 , where ∆aH0 is
enthalpy of atomisation ∆aH0 (Cl2) = 242 kJ mol–1
11. (a) What are extensive property and intensive properties?
(b) Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3OH(l) from the following data: CH3OH (l)
+3/2 O2(g) à CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ; ∆rH0 = –726 kJ mol–1

C(graphite) + O2(g) à CO2(g) ; ∆cH0 = –393 kJ mol–1 H2(g) +1/2

O2(g) à H2O(l) ; ∆f H0 = –286 kJ mol–

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS-

CASE 1
We can measure energy changes associated with chemical or physical processes by an experimental
technique called calorimetry. In calorimetry, the process is carried out in a vessel called calorimeter, which
is immersed in a known volume of a liquid. Knowing the heat capacity of the liquid in which calorimeter
is immersed and the heat capacity of calorimeter, it is possible to determine the heat evolved in the process
by measuring temperature changes. Measurements are made under two different conditions
i) at constant volume, qV
ii) at constant pressure, qp
1.The quantity of of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree
Celsius is called a) Heat capacity b) Specific heat capacity c) Molar heat capacity d) Heat content

2.For adiabatic change a)q=0,w ad =0 b) q=0, w ad =ΔU c) q=0, w ad =ΔH d) q=-

w=ΔU
3.In bomb calorimeter which quantity is kept constant to calculate ΔU?
a) volume b) pressure c) temperature

4.What is the relation between heat capacity

and temperature –
a) q=CΔT b) q=mcΔT c) q=C/n ΔT
(d)q=mc/ΔT

CASE 2
A process or change is said to be reversible, if a change is brought out in such a way that the
process could, at any moment, be reversed by an infinitesimal change. A reversible process
proceeds infinitely slowly by a series of equilibrium states such that system and the surroundings are
always in near equilibrium with each other. Processes other than reversible processes are known as
irreversible processes.
Isothermal and free expansion of an ideal gas For isothermal (T = constant) expansion of an ideal
gas into vacuum; w = 0 since pex  = 0. Also, Joule determined experimentally that q = 0; therefore,
∆U = 0, ∆ = + U q w can be expressed for isothermal irreversible and reversible changes as follows:
1) For isothermal irreversible change

2) For isothermal reversible change

3) For adiabatic change, q = 0,∆U = wad
In thermodynamics, a distinction is made between extensive properties and intensive properties. An
extensive property is a property whose value depends on the quantity or size of matter present in the
system. For example, mass, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, etc. are extensive
properties. Those properties which do not depend on the quantity or size of matter present are
known as intensive properties. For example- temperature, density, pressure etc. are intensive
properties.

1.What is change in internal energy for an adiabatic process?

2. A property whose value depends on the quantity or size of matter present in the system is known as …
a) Extensive
b) Intensive
c) Reversible
d) Irreversible
3. Define reversible and irreversible processes.
4. Calculate the work done during isothermal reversible expansion of one mole ideal gas from 10 atm to 1 atm at
300 K.