PLANT MORPHOLOGY

AND ANATOMY
Teacher: Shannon Smith
Content:

• Plant tissue structure and function.

• Morphology of roots, stem and
leaves in the primary state.
• Comparison between
monocotyledons and dicotyledonous
roots, stems and leaves. Leaf
phyllotaxy.
• Plant types based on habitat.
• Modification of leaves, roots and
stems; structure and function.
Structure of simple plant tissue
Parenchyma

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Structure of simple plant tissue
Parenchyma

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Structure of simple plant tissue
Parenchyma

- Metabolically active
- Packaging tissue in central pith and outer cortex of stems and roots.
- When turgid, become tightly packed and provide support for plants.
- When some plants lose water from these cells they wilt.
- Associated with air spaces and gaseous exchange, for e.g. spongy mesophyll in
leaves.
- Sites of food storage in potato and dates.
- Important for apoplast pathway.
- Modified to form chlorenchyma.

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Structure of simple plant tissue
Collenchyma

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Structure of simple plant tissue
Collenchyma

- Mechanical tissue
- Supplements effects of turgid parenchyma.
- Living tissue.
- Found in the outer cortex lying next to the epidermis.
- Gradually merges into the parenchyma to form hollow cylinders.

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Structure of simple
plant tissue
Sclerenchyma
Structure of simple
plant tissue
Sclerenchyma
- Mature cells are dead.
- Thickened with lignin.
- 2 types, fibers and sclereids.
- Pits where lignin is not deposited.
- Outer regions of cortex, pericycle
(stems), xylem and phloem.
Structure of complex plant tissue
Xylem

- Tracheids and vessel elements (both types of sclerenchyma cells).

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Structure of complex plant tissue
Xylem

- Tracheids and vessel elements (both types of sclerenchyma cells).

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Structure of complex plant tissue
Xylem

- Tracheids and vessel elements (both types of sclerenchyma cells).

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Structure of complex plant tissue
Xylem

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Structure of complex plant tissue
Phloem

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Structure of root cell membrane
Phloem

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Structure of root cell membrane
Phloem

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Structure of root cell membrane

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Structure of root cell membrane

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Structure of simple plant tissue
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