PLANT TISSUE

AND TISSUE
SYSTEMS
Reporter: Princess Rena T. Ramos
BTVTED-2

ARTRETRO
 MERISMATIC
TISSUES
Part of plant where cell division (mitosis) or
production of new cell occurs. Meristematic
tissue contains undifferentiated cells, which
are the building blocks of the specialized
plant structures.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MERISTEMATIC
TISSUES:
• The cells of these tissues are commonly called meristems.
• The meristematic tissue has the quality of self-renewal.
• Every time the cell divides, one cell remains identical to the
parent cell, and the others form specialized structures.
• They have very small and few vacuoles.
• The meristematic tissue is living and thin-walled.
• The protoplasm of the cells is very dense.
ARTRETRO
• The meristematic tissues heal the wounds of an
injured plant.
• The cells of the meristematic tissue are young and
immature.
• They do not store food.
• They exhibit a very high metabolic activity.
• They possess a single, large and prominent nucleus.
 THREE TYPES OF MERISTEMATIC
TISSUES:
1. APICAL
MERISTEM

3.
2. LATERAL
INTERCALLAR
MERISTEM
Y MERISTEM
 APICAL
• These are presentMERISTEM
at the tips of the roots and shoots and
helps in the increase of the height of the plants.
• Various cell divisions facilitate the growth of the cells in
the roots and shoots and help in cellular enlargement.
• Apical meristem is divided into-promeristem zone, which
contains actively dividing cells, and the meristematic
zone, which contains protoderm, procambium and
ground meristem.
 LATERAL
MERISTEM
• It is located in the stems and roots on the lateral side.
• It increases the thickness of the plant.
• Vascular cambium and cork cambium are the two
lateral meristems.
• These divide preclinically or radially and give rise to
secondary permanent tissues.
TWO

ARTRETRO
 INTERCALLARY
MERISTEM
• It is located in the leaves and internodes at the
intercalary position. Subtitle
• These help to increase the length of the internode.
• It is found in grass, monocots and pines.
• It is a part of apical meristem and adds to the height
of the plant.
 PERMANENT TISSUES

derived from meristems which have attained

maturity thus perform specific function or
functions. These are also known as
homogenous tissues. They are made up of a
single cell type, usually with the same origin,
structure, and function.
ARTRETRO
 TWO KINDS OF PERMANENT
TISSUES
Epidermis-
outermost layer of cells of the
primary plant body. It contain
stomata and trichomes
(appendage).
Parenchyma- found in the
cortical regions of stems and roots
and in the mesophyll of the leaves.
THREE CLASSIFICATION OF PERMANENT
TISSUES:
1. PARENCHYMA
TISSUES

2. COLLENCHYMA
TISSUES

3. SCLERENCHYMA
TISSUES
 PARENCHYMA
• The cells have anTISSUE
oval or round shape.
• The cell wall is made up of hemicellulose or
cellulose.
• The cell is thin-walled.
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• The cells have vacuoles and very small nucleus.

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• It is found in all parts of the plant.

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• The protoplasm is living and dense.

ARTRETRO
 COLLENCHYMA TISSUES
• Cells are long and thick-walled.
• The cell wall is made up of cellulose and pectin.
• It is the only tissue with the highest refractive index
due to the presence of pectin.
• It is found in the epidermis and the vascular bundle of
dicot leaf.
• The amount of chloroplast is less in the cells.
• The cells have no intercellular spaces.
 SCLERENCHYMA
TISSUES
• These are dead tissues, very hard and rigid in texture.
• Cells are thick-walled with various size and shapes.
• These provide mechanical support and rigidity to the
plant.Sclerenchyma cells (from Greek skleros, hard) are
• hard and tough cells with a function of mechanical
• support.
• Scattered throughout the plant, found in both
• primary and secondary tissues.
Types of Sclerenchyma Tissues
Fibers- known as bast fibers;
long thin cells with
very thick walls often dead at
maturity.
Schleroids or stone cells-
similar with fibers thick
wall and lignified, maybe
living or dead at maturity.
 CORK
• Outermost tissue; impregnated with suberin (waxy
substance)
• Cork tissue is also known as phellem. Cork cells are
dead when mature and hence form the outer layer in
stems and roots of woody plants. They are
impermeable to water and gases.
 COMPLEX PERMANENT
TISSUES
Complex permanent tissue is defined as a
collection of structurally dissimilar cells
performing a common function or set of functions.
They are made up of more than one type of cells.
They are of two types xylem and phloem.
 XYLEM
• It transports water and
nutrients from the roots to
the leaves of the plant.
• It provides support to the
plants.
• It is divided into-tracheids,
vessels, xylem fiber, and
xylem parenchyma.
PHLOE
• It translocates
M the prepared
organic food from the
leaves to different parts of
the plant.
• It is also known as bast.
• It is composed of sieve
tubes, companion cells,
phloem parenchyma, and
phloem fibres.
 MAJOR PLANT
GROUND TISSUES
DERMAL TISSUE VASCULAR
- This packing and - This is plant’s TISSUE
supportive tissue protective outer -Together the phloem
accounts for much and xylem form a
covering in contact
of the bulk of the young continous
plants.
with vascular system
- It also functions in food the environment. throughout the plant.
manufacture and storage - It facilitates water - This tissue conducts
- It contains three main and ion uptake in water and solutes
cell types: parenchyma, roots and between
collenchymas, and regulates gas organs and also
sclerenchyma. exchange in leaves provides mechanical
and stems. support.
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LISTENING!