PRINCIPLES OF

CHEMISTRY
3. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Objectives

Students will be able to:

 3.1 Describe with illustrations, the structure of atoms of atomic number 1 to
20.
 3.2 State properties of electrons, protons and neutrons.
 3.3 Define atomic number and mass number.
 3.4 Define relative atomic mass.
 3.5 Interpret notations of the standard form of the atomic symbol.
 3.6 Define isotopy.
 3.7 List uses of radioactive isotopes.
Atomic Structure
Isotopes
Isotopes are different atoms of a single element that have the same
number of protons in their nuclei, but different numbers of neutrons.

Isotopy
Isotopy is the occurrence of atoms of a single element that have the
same number of protons in their nuclei, but different numbers of
neutrons.

Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties because the

number and arrangement of electrons in them are the same.

Isotopes of an element have slightly different physical properties

because they have different numbers of neutrons which give them
slightly different masses.
Relative atomic mass

The relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element

is the mass of one of its atoms relative to
1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12.
Carbon Dating
Radiotherapy
Pacemakers
Energy generation
References
 http://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/WO2011059293A2/PCTKR2010008091-appb-D000001.png
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_cane_mill
 http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4---
-0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&cl=CL1.18&d=HASH011372ef0fac0bd5eabf4b97.3.13.5&gt=1
 http://www.ptable.com/Images/periodic%20table.png
 http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/nuclear-chemistry/protons-and-neutrons.html
 http://slideplayer.com/slide/5956513/
 https://revisionscience.com/a2-level-level-revision/chemistry-level-revision/atoms-moles-equations/atomic-number-and-mass-number
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EboWeWmh5Pg
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdhLTfma_Eg
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKJMk2Oiod0
 http://chem-guide.blogspot.com/2010/04/nuclear-isotopes-and-uses.html
 https://www.shmoop.com/stoichiometry/atomic-mass.html
 https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/multimedia/photoessays/world-cancer-day-safe-cancer-treatment-with-radiotherapy
 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/10575986/
 https://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/treating/radiotherapy/internal-radiotherapy-explained/radioisotopes.html
 https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pacemakers
 https://osrp.lanl.gov/pacemakers.shtml
 http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/69/2/189
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/5285558/
 http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/introduction/what-is-uranium-how-does-it-work.aspx
 http://www.kids.esdb.bg/uranium.html