Field Effect

Transistors
Circuit Analysis
HP PA8000

Fairchild
Clipper C100

Fujitsu 68903
EE314
 FET Circuit Analysis

1.MOS Small Signal Equivalent

2.Transconductance
3.Common-Source Amplifiers
4.Source Follower
5.Logic gates

Chapter 12: Field

Effect Transistors
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit for FETs
Output signal from an amplifier using FET can be effectively
modulated by small changes of input signal current. In this way
it is possible to make small changes from the Q point.

Symbols:
The total quantities: iD(t), vGS(t)
The dc point values: IDQ, VGSQ
The signal id(t), vgs(t)
Characteristic

vGS (t ) VGSQ v gs (t )

i D (t ) I DQ id (t )
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

Schematic

Analysis (a little bit of math)

iD K vGS Vt 0
2

I DQ id (t ) K VGSQ v gs (t ) Vt 0 2

I DQ id (t ) K VGSQ Vt 0 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 v gs t Kv gs2 (t )

2

I DQ K VGSQ Vt 0 *
2
We know that

Also we assume that v gs (t ) VGSQ Vt 0

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

Schematic

I DQ id (t ) K VGSQ Vt 0 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 v gs t Kv gs2 (t )

2

I DQ K VGSQ Vt 0 *
2
We know that

Also we assume that v gs (t ) VGSQ Vt 0

Drain current generated i d (t ) 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 v gs (t )
by signal
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

We define the
transconductance as

id (t )
gm
v gs (t )

or

id (t ) g m v gs (t )

so

g m 2 K VGSQ Vt 0
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

iD K vGS Vt 0
2

so
I DQ
vGS Vt 0
K
Thus the
transconductance

g m 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 2 KI DQ
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance
Exercise

The transistor has KP=50A/V2, Vto=2V, L=10m, and W=400m

W KP
K 1mA / V 2
L 2

g m 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 2(4 2) 4mS

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit

Also we assume that ig (t ) 0

g m 2 KI DQ
W KP
K
L 2

Better performance is obtained with higher values of g m.

Please notice that gm is proportional to the square root
of the Q point drain current. Simply, we can increase g m
by choosing a higher value of IDQ.
More Complex Equivalent Circuits

For more accurate analyses of FET transistor we have to add more

components to an equivalent circuit.
Small capacitance: for high response FET amplifiers
Drain resistor: account for the effect of v DS on the drain current

Correction for id

id (t ) g m v gs (t ) vds / rd

Please read section: Transconductance and pp.591

Example 12.3
Drain Resistance Calculation

1 iD

rd vDS

so at vGS=4V
1

iD

10.7 10 mA 0.7
mS 0.175mS rd 5.7 k
rd vDS 10 6V 4
Common-Source Amplifier

Schematic

D
G
S

Equivalent circuit

The dc supply voltage acts as a short circuit for the ac current.

Common-Source Amplifier
C1, C2 -coupling C
Schematic
Cs -bypass C
ac signal
D
G
S

Equivalent circuit

The dc supply voltage acts as a short circuit for the ac current.

Common-Source Amplifier: Gain, Rin and Rout
Equivalent circuit (once more)

1
R
'
L
1 / rd 1 / R D 1 / RL
Input resistance

Voltage gain vin

Rin RG R1 R2
v0 g m v gs R L' vin v gs iin

v0
Av g m RL' From bias point analysis
vin
Common-Source Amplifier: Gain, Rin and Rout
To find out the Rout we have to: disconnect the load, replace the signal
source by short circuit Thevenin equivalent resistance

No source
connected to the
input
if vgs=0 then gmvgs=0
Output resistance

1
Rout
Example 12.4 1 / R D 1 / rd
Source Follower
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Source Follower

Notice that small

signal IDS goes up.
Why?
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Source Follower

1
RL' Input resistance
1 / rd 1 / RS 1 / RL
vin
Voltage gain Rin RG R1 R2
iin
v0 g m v gs RL'
vin v gs vo v gs 1 g m RL'
v0 g m RL'
Av 1 Since the output voltage is almost equal to
vin 1 g m RL'
the input hence the name source follower
Logic gates COMS Inverter

Logic truth table

Vin V out
0 1
1 0

Switch level
equivalent
circuits
Logic gates COMS NAND gate

A B V out

Logic truth table 0 0 1

0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Logic gates COMS NOR gate

Exercise

Draw switch level circuits

for different inputs and
derive the truth table for
this gate
Logic gates COMS NOR gate

A B V out

Logic truth table 0 0 1

0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0