development work carried out by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the early 1980s. The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz was allocated for 3G. Both the government and communication companies approved the 3G standard. The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1998, The first European pre-commercial network was an UMTS network on the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network (also UMTS based W- CDMA) in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers. Thefirst network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the CDMA-based 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the South Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators. The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in July 2002 also on CDMA2000 1x EV- DO. AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G UMTS network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA. The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2,100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded asThree or "3" in June 2003. Emtel launched the first 3G network in Africa. UMTS (UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE) UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) is a third-generation (3G) broadband,packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, and multimedia at data rates up to 2 megabits per second (Mbps). UMTS offers a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users, no matter where they are located in the world. UMTS is based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication standard. It is also endorsed by major standards bodies and manufacturers as the planned standard for mobile users around the world. Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities. Users will have access through a combination of terrestrialwirelessandsatellitetransmissions. Until UMTS is fully implemented, users can use multi- mode devices that switch to the currently available technology (such as GSM 900 and 1800) where UMTS is not yet available. Theelectromagnetic radiation spectrumfor UMTS has been identified as frequency bands 1885- 2025MHzfor future IMT-2000 systems, and 1980- 2010 MHz and 2170-2200 MHz for the satellite portion of UMTS systems. 3 STAGES OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION 1G 2G 3G 3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These 3GTechnologyis designed for multimedia communication. It provides services like higher data transfer rates. One of its key visions is to provide seamless global roaming, enabling users to move across borders while using the same number and handset. According to ITU it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates:a minimum speed of 2Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348kbit/s in a moving vehicle. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF 3G CORE NETWORKS? The IMT-2000 family of 3G systems includes three types of Core Network technology: GSM based (using Mobile Application Part (MAP) protocols on top of SS7 protocols for signalling) ANSI-41 based (IS-634 protocols for signalling) Internet Protocol based (in future, to be specified) 3G FEATURES The information is split into separate. The World Wide Web (WWW) is becoming the primary communications interface. Speeds of up to 2 Megabits per second (Mbps) are achievable with 3G. 3GAPPLICATIONS Global Positioning System (GPS) Location-based services Mobile TV Telemedicine Video Conferencing Video on demand CONTRIBUTOR TECHNOLOGIES OF 3G CDMA2000-Code Division Multiple Access.
Multiple Access. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CDMA2000 AND UMTS?
Cdma2000 and UMTS were developed separately and are
2 separate ITU approved 3G standards. Cdma2000 1xRTT, cdma2000 1xEV-DO (EVolution, Data Only) and future cdma2000 3x were developed to be backward compatible with cdmaOne. Both 1x types have the same bandwidth, chip rate and it can be used in any existing cdmaOne frequency band and network. Backward compatibility was a requirement for successful deployment for USA market. It is easy to implement because operators do not need new frequencies. UMTS was developed mainly for countries with GSM networks, because these countries have agreed to free new frequency ranges for UMTS networks. Because it is a new technology and in a new frequency band, whole new radio access network has to be build. The advantage is that new frequency range gives plenty of new capacity for operators.3GPPis overseeing the standard development and has wisely kept the core network as close to GSM core network as possible. UMTS phones are not meant to be backward compatible with GSM systems. (but subscriptions (=SIM card) can be, and dual mode phone will solve the compatibility problems, hopefully). UMTS also has 2 flavorsFDD(will be implemented first) andTDD. WHY IS WCDMA CALLED "WIDEBAND"? 3G WCDMA systems have 5MHz bandwidth (one direction). 5MHz is neither wide nor narrow; it is just the bandwidth. New 3G WCDMA systems havewiderbandwidth than existing 2G cdma systems (cdmaOne 1.25MHz), that's why the "Wide". There are commercial cdma systems with 20MHz bandwidth. ARE GSM/GPRS NETWORKS COMPATIBLE WITH UMTS NETWORKS? UMTS networks can be operated with GSM/GPRS networks. Systems use different frequency bands, so BTSs and mobiles will (should) not interfere with each other. Some vendors claim their core network (MSC/HLR/SGSN ect) and BSC/RNC are UMTS compatible, but most operators will prefer to build a totally separate/independent UMTS network. Some of the latest GSM BTSs can also have UMTS radio parts and share the same rack. UMTS specification is design so that there is maximum compatibility between GSM and UMTS systems. Late 2002 there will also be dual/multi band phones that can be used in GSM and UMTS networks. Eventually phones will be able to do handovers between networks. HOW IS UMTS DIFFERENT FROM CURRENT SECOND GENERATION NETWORKS? Higher speech quality that current networks - Addition to speech traffic UMTS, together with advanced data and information services, will be a multimedia network. - UMTS is above 2G mobile systems for its potential to support 2Mbit/s data rates. - UMTS is a real global system, comprising both terrestrial and satellite components. - Consistent service environment even when roaming via "Virtual Home Environment" (VHE). A person roaming from his network to other UMTS operators, user will experience a consistent set of services thus "feeling" on his home network, independent of the location or access mode (satellite or terrestrial) 3G SERVICES ACCESS A 3G Mobile Phone A subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports 3G, Use of 3G must be enabled for that user. Automatic access to the 3G may be allowed by some mobile network operators, others will charge a monthly subscription and require a specific opt-in to use the service as they do with other non-voice mobile services, Knowledge of how to send and/ or receive 3G information using their specific model of mobile phone, including software and hardware configuration (this creates a customer service requirement), A destination to send or receive information through 3G. From day one, 3G users can access any web page or other Internet applications - providing an immediate critical mass of users. WHICH NETWORK VENDORS CAN BUILD A TURN KEY 3G NETWORK? No network vendor can supply all equipment and components to the full a 3G network, but quite a few can be a main contractor to build a turn-key 3G network. Normally network vendors can bring in partners like service and applications providers, hand set manufactures, civil work and acquisition companies etc. Current short list of main vendors for turn-keyUMTSnetworks: Alcatel Ericsson Lucent Motorola Nokia NortelSiemens/NEC Current short list of main vendors for turn- keycdma2000networks: Ericsson LG Electronics Lucent Motorola Nortel Samsung EVOLUTION On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that "We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services." With the launch of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.
1 2 History 3 Features 3.1 Data Rates 3.2 Security 4 Evolution From 2G 4.1 From 2G To 2.5G 4.2 From 2.5G To 2.75G (EDGE) 5 Evolution Towards 4G 6 Issues 7 See Also 8 Further Reading 9N 1 0 R
3G or 3rd Generation Mobile Telecommunications Is A Generation of Standards For Mobile Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) Specifications by The International Telecommunication