HC VIN NGN HNG

KHOA H THNG THNG TIN QUN L

CHNG 3
MT S KHUNG KIN TRC V
PHNG PHP LUN H TR XY DNG
KIN TRC DOANH NGHIP

BI GING: KIN TRC DOANH NGHIP

GING VIN: ThS. NG THY LINH

H Ni, 09/2015
 Ni dung
3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s Khung kin trc doanh
nghip
3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
3.3. Khung kin trc nhm m - TOGAF
3.4. Khung kin trc lin bang M - FEA
3.5. Khung kin trc Chnh ph in t Vit Nam v1.0
3.6. Kin trc hng dch v SOA & trc tch hp d liu
3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Lnh vc nghin cu v Kin
trc tng th (gi tt l EA
Enterprise Architecture) c th
coi bt u t nm 1987, khi
J.A. Zachman cng b bi vit
Mt khung cho kin trc cc
h thng thng tin - A
framework for Information
System Architecture" trn tp
ch h thng ca IBM (the
IBM Systems Journal).
Trong bi vit ny,
Zanchman ch ra c thch thc
v tm nhn ca EA.
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Khung kin trc h thng thng
tin ca Zachman sau sm
c i tn thnh khung EA.
Trn c s l thuyt ca mnh,
Zachman c ng gp chnh
trong nhng n lc u tin ca
B Quc phng M to ra mt
EA. N lc ny c bit n l
Khung kin trc k thut cho
qun l thng tin TAFIM
(Technical Architecture
Framework for Information
Management) c gii thiu
The Information Systems
nm 1994 Architecture concept, as pictured
by the TAFIM in 1996
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Sau 25 nm pht trin n nay c hng chc
khung/phng php lun kin trc h thng ra i
Mt trong nhng ni p dng kin trc h thng mnh
nht l cc h thng chnh ph in t.
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Nc M c Khung Kin trc Lin bang (FEAF) v Kin
trc Hnh chnh Lin bang (FEA) p dng cho cc c
quan qun l nh nc
Structure of
the U.S.
"Federal
Enterprise
Architecture
Framework"
(FEAF)
Components
, presented
in 2001
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
B Quc phng M li c kin trc ring ca mnh DoDAF
(Department of Defense Architecture Framework)

DoDAF Architecture Framework Version 2.0

 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Chnh ph c c Chun v Kin trc cho Chnh ph
in t SAGA

SAGA - National and cross-border eGovernment interaction

 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Ti Vit Nam, ngy 21/4/2015, B Thng tin v Truyn
thng ban hnh Khung Kin trc Chnh ph in t
Vit Nam Phin bn 1.0
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Cc doanh nghip ln cng l
ni xy dng v p dng kin
trc h thng mnh m. Trong
danh sch 27 cng ty c gii
Annual Enterprise & IT
Architecture Excellence Award
2012 c th thy nhng tn tui
ln nh Credit Suisse, Intel,
v.v
Trong cc cng ty ln hin c
mt chc danh: Nh kin trc
doanh nghip (Enterprise
Architect)
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Cc cng ty tin hc, t vn ln cng c cc sn phm l
cc khung/phng php lun, gii php phn mm, dch
v t vn xy dng kin trc: IBM, Microsoft, Gartner,
Cc cng ty, t chc chuyn nghin cu v kin trc h
thng lin tc pht trin, cp nht sn phm ca mnh.
Khung kin trc TOGAF phin bn 1.0 (1995) hin
c phin bn 9.1 (2011),
Khung Zachman hin c phin bn 3.0,
S lng khung/kin trc h thng nhiu n mc
xut hin mt hng nghin cu: xy dng cc cng c
ngi s dng c th tm kim, nh gi, la chn,
sa i cc khung/kin trc ph hp
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Cc cng c v kin trc: cng nh kin
trc xy dng c ngn ng chung l cc
bn v xy dng, kin trc h thng hin
nay cng c nhiu loi ngn ng m hnh
kin trc (Enterprise architecture
modelling language) khc nhau.
Ton b kin trc m t bng 1 ngn ng
s gip cc ngi lin quan
(stackeholders) hiu c, chia s c
cho nhau. Ngoi ra, cng c nhiu phn
mm h tr vic xy dng kin trc h
thng nhanh, chnh xc v d s dng li
hn l lm bng tay
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Trong thi gian qua, c nhiu phng php lun
(methodology) v Kin trc doanh nghip c xy
dng. Tuy nhin, hin nay hu ht cc Kin trc doanh
nghip c xy dng da trn mt s khung kin trc
v phng php lun chnh nh:
Khung Zachman (Zachman- Framework);
Khung kin trc nhm m - TOGAF (Open Group
Architectural Framework);
Phng php lun Gartner (Gartner Methodology),
FEA (ca M),
SAGA (ca c),
OIO (ca an Mch).
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
i vi a s cc c quan, khng c phng php lun
no l hon ho xy dng Kin trc doanh nghip, v
vy i hi phi c s chn lc, kt hp nhiu phng
php p ng nhu cu ca c quan, t chc.
iu ny ni ln, cng nh quy hoch kin trc tng th
cho cc d n xy dng, kin trc h thng l ni dung
c bn cn i trc mt bc khi pht trin mt h
thng thng tin ln v phc tp.
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Vy khung kin trc doanh nghip l g?
An architecture framework establishes a common
practice for creating, interpreting, analyzing and using
architecture descriptions within a particular domain of
application or stakeholder community.
Khung kin trc xc lp cc quy nh chung to lp,
gii thch, phn tch v s dng cc m t kin trc trong
lnh vc phn mm hoc trong cng ng nhng ngi
c lin quan.
3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Mc ch:
Thng nht nhng vn ca t chc,
To mt khun kh chung v m bo tnh tng
thch ca cc h thng vi nhau
Do vy, chng ta cn xy dng v ban hnh mt khung
kin trc h thng chung cho t chc.
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
N tng t nh ti liu hng dn lp cc d n u
t:
Quy nh cc ni dung phi lm.
Cc bc phi thc hin.
Cc vn bn php l phi theo thm ch cch trnh
by.
Tnh ton m bo tnh y , tnh thng nht
chung v mi ngi c lin quan (stakeholders) u
c th hiu v s dng c.
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Khung kin trc, kin trc cn c tnh trung lp i vi
nh cung cp cc sn phm, cng ngh IT. N khng
thin v cng khng hn ch bt k mt cng ngh, sn
phm no.
Khung kin trc, kin trc phi m bo tnh tng hp
(interoperability) gia cc b phn ca h thng, gia
cc h thng con vi nhau. Ngha l cc b phn, h
thng con phi trao i thng sut c d liu vi
nhau v s dng c d liu .
Khung kin trc, kin trc phi a ra c mt b tiu
chun k thut chung cho ton h thng
 3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s khung KTDN
Phn di y s gii thiu mt s khung kin
trc/phng php lun hay c s dng nhm h tr
xy dng Kin trc doanh nghip.
 Ni dung
3.1. Lch s pht trin mt s Khung kin trc doanh
nghip
3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
3.3. Khung kin trc nhm m - TOGAF
3.4. Khung kin trc lin bang M - FEA
3.5. Khung kin trc Chnh ph in t Vit Nam v1.0
3.6. Kin trc hng dch v SOA & trc tch hp d liu
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Nm 1987, John Zachman gii thiu Khung kin trc doanh
nghip u tin v ni ting nht (Zachman 1987) mc d
sau c gi l Khung Kin trc h thng thng tin.
Khung kin trc khi n c p dng cho cc doanh nghip
ch n gin l ch ra mt cch thc phn loi v m t cc
thnh phn ca mt doanh nghip khoa hc.
N c ngha quan trng trong vic qun l doanh nghip
cng nh cho s pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin ca
doanh nghip.
3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
u im ca khung mu Zachman l d hiu, m t cc
thnh phn kin trc phi c di gc nhn khc nhau ca nhng
ngi lin quan.
Hn ch:
S lng ln cc (cell) l mt tr ngi cho vic p dng
trong thc t ca khung mu ny. Ngoi ra, cc mi quan
h gia cc khc nhau khng tt.
Nhiu vn quan trng khng c Zachman cp ti.
N cng khng ch cch xy dng mt kin trc mi nh th
no.
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
V A E n t e r p r i s e D A T A F U N C T I O N N E T W O R K P E O P L E T I M E M O T I V A T I O N B a s e d o n w o r k b y

W h a t H o w W h e r e W h o W h e n W h y
A r c h i t e c t u r e J o h n A . Z a c h m a n

T h i n g s Im p o r t a n t P r o c e s s e s B u s i n e s s I m p o r t a n t E v e n t s S i g n i f ic a n t B u s i n e s s G o a l s
S C O P E S C O P E

t o t h e B u s i n e s s P e r f o r m e d l o c a t i o n s O r g a n iz a t i o n s t o t h e B u s i n e s s a n d S t r a t e g y

( C O N T E X T U A L ) ( C O N T E X T U A L )

E n t i t y = C l a s s o f F u n c t i o n = C l a s s o f N o d e = M a j o r P e o p l e = M a j o r T i m e = M a j o r E n d s / M e a n s =
P l a n n e r P l a n n e r

B u s i n e s s T h i n g B u s i n e s s P r o c e s s B u s i n e s s L o c a t i o n s O r g a n iz a t i o n s B u s i n e s s E v e n t M a j o r B u s i n e s s G o a ls

S e m a n t ic M o d e l B u s i n e s s P r o c e s s B u s i n e s s L o g i s t ic s W o r k F l o w M o d e l M a s t e r S c h e d u le B u s i n e s s P la n
E N T E R P R I S E E N T E R P R I S E

M o d e l S y s t e m

M O D E L M O D E L

( C O N C E P T U A L ) ( C O N C E P T U A L )

E n t = B u s i n e s s E n t i ty P r o c = B u s i n e s s P r o c e s s N o d e = B u s i n e s s L o c a t i o n P e o p l e = O r g a n i z a t i o n U n i t T i m e = B u s in e s s E v e n t E n d = B u s in e s s O b j e c t iv e
O w n e r O w n e r

R e l = B u s i n e s s R e l a t i o n s h i p I / O = B u s i n e s s R e s o u r c e s L i n k = B u s i n e s s L i n k a g e W o r k = W o r k P r o d u c t C y c l e = B u s i n e s s C y c l e M e a n s = B u s i n e s s S t r a t e g y

L o g i c a l D a t a A p p l i c a t i o n D i s t r i b u t e d S y s t e m H u m a n I n t e r f a c e P r o c e s s i n g B u s i n e s s R u l e
S Y S T E M M O D E L S Y S T E M M O D E L

M o d e l A r c h i t e c t u r e A r c h i t e c t u r e A r c h i t e c t u r e S t r u c t u r e M o d e l

( L O G I C A L ) ( L O G I C A L )

E n t = D a t a E n t i ty P r o c = A p p l i c a t i o n F u n c t i o n N o d e = I S F u n c t i o n P e o p l e = R o l e T i m e = S y s t e m E v e n t E n d = S t r u c t u r a l A s s e r t i o n
D e s i g n e r D e s i g n e r

R e l = D a t a R e l a t i o n s h ip I / O = U s e r V ie w s L i n k = L i n e C h a r a c t e r i s t ic s W o r k = D e l iv e r a b l e C y c l e = P r o c e s s i n g C y c l e M e a n s = A c t i o n A s s e r t i o n

P h y s i c a l D a t a S y s t e m T e c h n o l o g y P r e s e n t a t i o n C o n t r o l R u l e
T E C H N O L O G Y T E C H N O L O G Y

M o d e l D e s i g n A r c h i t e c t u r e A r c h i t e c t u r e S t r u c t u r e D e s i g n

M O D E L M O D E L

( P H Y S I C A L ) ( P H Y S I C A L )

E n t = S e g m e n t / T a b l e P r o c = C o m p u t e r F u n c t i o n N o d e = H a r d w a r e / S o f tw a r e P e o p l e = U s e r T i m e = E x e c u t e E n d = C o n d i t i o n
B u i l d e r B u i l d e r

R e l = P o i n t e r / K e y I / O = D a t a E l e m e n ts / S e ts L i n k = L i n e S p e c i f i c a t i o n s W o r k = S c r e e n F o r m a t C y c l e = C o m p o n e n t C y c le M e a n s = A c t i o n

D a t a P r o g r a m N e tw o r k S e c u r i ty T i m in g R u l e
D E T A I L E D D E T A I L E D

D e f i n i t i o n A r c h i t e c t u r e A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f i n i t i o n D e s i g n

R E P R E S E N T A T I O N S R E P R E S E N T A T I O N S

( O U T - O F - C O N T E X T ) ( O U T - O F - C O N T E X T )

E n t = F ie l d P r o c = L a n g u a g e S t a t e m e n t N o d e = A d d r e s s e s P e o p l e = I d e n t i t y T i m e = I n t e r r u p t E n d = S u b - C o n d i t i o n
S u b - C o n t r a c t o r S u b - C o n t r a c t o r

R e l = A d d r e s s I / O = C o n t r o l B l o c k L i n k = P r o t o c o ls W o r k = J o b C y c l e = M a c h i n e C y c l e M e a n s = S t e p

D a t a F u n c t i o n N e tw o r k O r g a n iz a t i o n S c h e d u l e S t r a t e g y
F U N C T I O N I N G F U N C T I O N I N G

E N T E R P R I S E E N T E R P R I S E

E n t = P r o c = N o d e = P e o p l e = T i m e = E n d =

R e l = I / O = L i n k = W o r k = C y c l e = M e a n s =

25
D A T A F U N C T I O N N E T W O R K P E O P L E T I M E M O T I V A T I O N

W h a t H o w W h e r e W h o W h e n W h y
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Dng 1 - Phm vi What How Where Who When Why
Cc yu cu m rng & nh hng
1 Contextual Contextual
M hnh ha chc nng kinh doanh
Dng 2 - M hnh ha doanh nghip 2 Conceptual Conceptual

M hnh ha quy trnh nghip v

Dng 3 - M hnh ha h thng 3 Logical Logical

M hnh mc vt l
4 Physical Physical
nh ngha cc yu cu
Dng 4 - M hnh ha cng ngh 5 As Built As Built

M hnh mc vt l
nh ngha & pht trin cc gii 6 Functioning Functioning

What How Where Who When Why

php
Dng 5 - Xy dng
Xy dng
Trin khai
Dng 6 - Chc nng doanh nghip
Chc nng doanh nghip
nh gi

26
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
M hnh c bn = Cc thc th (Entities) + Cc mi quan h (Relationships)
Nguyn tc 1:
Cc ct khng c th t Thc th Mi quan h Thc th

Nguyn tc 2:
Mi ct s c mt m hnh n gin, c bn
Nguyn tc 3:
M hnh c bn ca mi ct l duy nht What How Where Who When Why
Nguyn tc 4:
Contextual Contextual
Mi hng i din cho mt ci nhn khc
bit Conceptual Conceptual

Nguyn tc 5:
Mi l duy nht Logical Logical

Nguyn tc 6: Physical Physical

Kt hp cc m t mi trong mt hng
to thnh gc nhn ton din. As Built As Built

Functioning Functioning

What How Where Who When Why

27
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
ng lc/Ti sao Cc yu cu m rng m
Mc tiu kinh doanh, i tng v
thc o hiu nng lin quan ti nh hng
mi b phn M hnh ha chc nng
Chc nng/Ti sao nghip v
Chc nng kinh doanh mc cao
What How Where Who When Why
D liu/G
Lp d liu mc tng th lin quan 1 Contextual Contextual

ti cc chc nng Conceptual Conceptual

Con ngi/Ai
Logical Logical
Cc bn lin quan ti cc chc
nng Physical Physical

Mng/V tr no As Built As Built

V tr mng lin quan ti cc chc
nng Functioning Functioning

Thi gian/Khi no What How Where Who When Why

Vng i & s kin lin qua ti cc

chc nng

28
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Motivation/Why Business Process Models
Policies, procedures and standards
for each process Business Function Allocation
Function/How Elimination of Function
Business processes
Overlap and Ambiguity
Data/What
Business data What How Where Who When Why

People/Who Contextual Contextual

VA roles and responsibilities in

2 Conceptual Conceptual
each process
Network/Where Logical Logical

VA locations related to each Physical Physical

process
Time/When As Built As Built

Events for each process and Functioning Functioning

sequencing of integration and What How Where Who When Why

process improvements

29
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Motivation/Why Logical Models
VA policies, standards and procedures
associated with a business rule model Project Management
Function/How Requirements Definition
Logical representation of information
systems and their relationships What How Where Who When Why

Data/What Contextual Contextual

Logical data models of data and data

Conceptual Conceptual
relationships underlying VA information
People/Who 3 Logical Logical

Logical representation of access

Physical Physical
privileges constrained by roles and
responsibilities As Built As Built

Network/Where Functioning Functioning

Logical representation of the distributed What How Where Who When Why
system architecture for VA locations
Time/When
Logical events and their triggered
responses constrained by business
events and their responses 30
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Motivation/Why Physical Models
VA business rules constrained by
information systems standards Technology Management
Function/How Solution Definition and
Specifications of applications that operate Development
on particular technology platforms
Data/What What How Where Who When Why

Database management system (DBMS) Contextual Contextual

type requirements constrained by logical Conceptual Conceptual

data models
People/Who Logical Logical

Specification of access privileges to 4 Physical Physical

specific platforms and technologies

As Built As Built
Network/Where
Specification of network devices and their Functioning Functioning

relationships within physical boundaries What How Where Who When Why

Time/When
Specification of triggers to respond to
system events on specific platforms and
technologies 31
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Motivation/Why As Built
VA business rules constrained by Configuration Management
specific technology standards
Function/How Deployment
Programs coded to operate on
What How Where Who When Why
specific technology platforms
Contextual Contextual
Data/What
Data definitions constrained by Conceptual Conceptual

physical data models Logical Logical

People/Who
Access privileges coded to control Physical Physical

access to specific platforms and

5 As Built As Built
technologies
Network/Where Functioning Functioning

Network devices configured to What How Where Who When Why

conform to node specifications

Time/When
Timing definitions coded to sequence
activities on specific platforms and
technologies 32
 3.2. Khung kin trc Zachman
Motivation/Why Functioning Enterprise
Operating characteristics of specific
Operations Management
technologies constrained by standards
Function/How Evaluation
Functioning computer instructions What How Where Who When Why

Data/What Contextual Contextual

Data values stored in actual databases

Conceptual Conceptual
People/Who
VA personnel and key stakeholders Logical Logical

working within their roles and

Physical Physical
responsibilities
Network/Where Integrated Integrated

Sending and receiving messages

Time/When 6 Functioning Functioning

What How Where Who When Why

Timing definitions operating to
sequence activities

33