EQUATION OF CHANGE

FOR MASS TRANSPORT

 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY FOR A
MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE
Apply
the law of conservation of mass to each species in a mixture, ( = 1,2,3,
N) .
Consider a system is a volume element x y z fixed in a space, through which
the fluid mixture is flowing (refer figure 3.1-1).
Within this mixture, reactions among the various chemical species may occur.
We use the symbol ra to indicate the rate at which species is being produced
(mass/volume.time).
Mass balance:
rate of increase of mass of in the volume element

rate of addition of mass of across face at x

rate of removal of mass of across face at x + x

 The combined mass flux includes both the molecular flux and convective flux.
Written down the entire mass balance and divide by x y z, letting the size of
the volume element decrease to zero,
= - + = 1,2,3,, N (19.1-5)
This is the equation of continuity for species in a multimcomponent reacting
mixture.
It describes the change in mass concentration of species with time at a fixed
point in space by the diffusion and convection of , as well as by chemical
reactions that produce or consume .
The quantities , , are the Cartesian components of the mass flux vector, n =
v given in Eq.(D) of Table 17.8-1.
Equation 19.1-5 may be written in vector notation as
= = 1,2,3,, N (19.1-6)
Or using Eq. (S) in Table 17.8-1 to write the Eq. (19.1-7).
Equation of continuity for the mixture, = (19.1-8)
identical to equation of continuity for a pure fluid given in Eq.3.1-4.
 To
obtain Eq. 19.1-8, Eq. (J) of Table 17.8-1 had to be used. By law of conservation of mass,
r = 0
Finally we obtain (for fluid mixtrure of constant mass density) (19.1-9)
The equation of continuity for species in molar quantities is
= 1,2,3,, N (19.1-10)
= molar rate of production of per unit volume. This equation can be re-written using Eq.
(V) in Table 17.8-1 to get equation 19.1-11.
Adding all N equations in Eq.19.1-10 or 11, the equation becomes
= (19.1-12)
- for the equation of continuity of the mixture. Eq. (M) in Table 17.8-1.
The chemical reaction term does not drop out because the number of moles is not
necessarily conserved in a chemical reaction. Finally we note that
(19.1-13)
- for a fluid mixture of constant molar density c.

Eq.(19.1-14) and (19.1-15) express the same physical content, but written in two different
notations: (Mass quantities) and (Molar quantities).
Binary Systems with Constant DAB
Inserting Ficks Law from Eq. (A) of Table 17.8-2 into Eq. 19.1-14:
(19.1-16)
Describes the diffusion in dilute liquid solutions at constant T and P.

Binary Systems with Constant cDAB

Inserting Ficks Law from Eq. (B) of Table 17.8-2, the Eq. (19.1-15) becomes
(19.1-17)
Useful for low-density gases at constant temperature and pressure.
Binary Systems with Zero Velocity
If no chemical reaction, the terms of chemical production are all zero.
If v = 0, and is constant in Eq. 19.1-16, or v* = 0 and c is constant in Eq. 19.1-
17, then the equation becomes
(19.1-18)
Called Ficks second law of diffusion.
Used for diffusion in solids or stationary liquids (v = 0 in Eq. 19.1-16) and for
equimolar counter-diffusion in gases (v* = 0 in Eq. 19.1-17). It means that the net
molar flux with respect to stationary coordinates is zero, or every mole of A that
moves in the positive z-direction, there is a mole of B that moves in the negative
z-direction.
Table B-10 & 11 in terms of j for Eq. 19.1-14 and 19.1-16 for constant and DAB.