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14A-Chapter 14, Secs 14.1 - 14.7 Black
14A-Chapter 14, Secs 14.1 - 14.7 Black
Chapter 14
Sections 14.1 through 14.7
General Considerations
General Considerations
Mass transfer refers to mass in transit due to a species concentration gradient
in a mixture.
Must have a mixture of two or more species for mass transfer to occur.
The species concentration gradient is the driving potential for transfer.
Mass transfer by diffusion is analogous to heat transfer by conduction.
Property Relations
Mixture Concentration:
C Ci xi 1
i i
Mixture Density:
i mi 1
i i
Ci pi
xi
C p
Diffusion Fluxes
N A JA C A x A v A xB v B
N A CDABx A x A N A N B
Conservation of Species
Application to a Control Volume at an Instant of Time:
g g g dM A g
M A,in M A,out M A, g M A,st
dt
g g
M A,in , M A,out rate of transport across the control surfaces
g
M A, g rate of generation of A due to homogeneous chemical reactions
occurring in the control volume
g
M A, st rate of accumulation of A in the control volume
Application in Cartesian Coordinates to a Differential Control Volume for a
Stationary Medium of Constant DAB and C or :
Species Diffusion Equation on a Molar Basis:
g
CA CA CA N A
2 2 2
1 C A
x 2 y 2 z 2 DAB DAB t
Species Diffusion Equation on a Mass Basis:
2 A 2 A 2 A ng A 1 A
x 2 y 2 z 2 DAB DAB t
Conservation of Species (cont)
Solution to the species diffusion equation (1) yields a linear distribution for x A x :
x A x 1 xk1 / DAB
x A, L
1 Lk1 / DAB
Hence, at the surface,
xA 0 1
x A, L
1 Lk1 / DAB
dx k1Cx A, L
N A 0 CDAB A
dx x 0
1 Lk1 / DAB
Limiting Cases:
Process is reaction limited:
k1 0 Lk / D = 1
1 AB
xA 0
1 N A 0 k1Cx A, L
xA L
Special Cases (cont)
xA 0 0 CDAB x A, L
N A 0
L
Equimolar counterdiffusion:
Boundary conditions
dC A
C A 0 C A ,0 0
dx x L
Solution
C A x C A,0 cosh mx tanh ml sinh mx
N A, x 0 DABC A,0 m tanh ml
Column Evaporation
Special Features:
Evaporation of A from the liquid interface x A,0 x A,sat ( v ) x A, L
Solution:
x/L
1 x A 1 x A, L
1 A,0 1 x A,0
CDAB 1 x A, L
N A, x 1n
L 1 x A,0
Transient Diffusion
C A L, t C A, s
C A
0
x x 0
Nondimensionalization
C C A, s
A
C A ,i C A , s
DABt
x x tm Fom
L L2
Mass transfer Fourier number
Transient Diffusion (cont)
1, Fom 0
0
x x 0
Table 14.2 summarizes analogy between heat and mass transfer variables.