Data Processing

and Statistical
Treatment
Steps in Data Processing

1.Data are categorized based o the

objectives or purposes of the
study.
2.Data are coded either numerically
or alphabetically.
3.Data are tabulated using a
master tabulation sheet.
4.Data are analyzed using
appropriate statistical tool.
Statistics- language
of research
Statistical Treatment

Statistics is the servant , not

the master, of logic; it is a
means rather than an end of
research

- Best and Kahn

(1998)
Descriptive versus Inferential
Statistics
Descriptive statistics include:
frequency counts and
percentages, averages, and
spreads.

Inferential statistics are used

to make inferences about a
population based on finding
from a sample.
The Normal Distribution
- considered as the most
important probability
distribution.
- its graph is called normal
curve.
Normal Curve (Gaussian
Distribution)
Frequency, Counts and
Percentages
- are statistical tools which are usually used to
answer profile questions and those that
involve mere counting.
- results are presented using a frequency
table.