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Kaplan Turbines
Kaplan Turbines
Jebba, Nigeria
D0 = 8,5 m
De = 7,1 m *Q = 376 m3/s
Di = 3,1 m *H = 27,6 m
B0 = 2,8 m *P = 96 MW
Machicura, CHILE
*Q = 144 m3/s
*H = 36,7 m
*P = 48 MW
D0 = 7,2 m
De = 4,2 m
Di = 1,9 m
B0 = 1,3 m
Outlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet
draft tube runner runner guide vane guide vane
Hydraulic efficiency
Flow rate Q
Hill chart
u1
v1 u2
c1
c2 v2
u 1 c u1 u 2 c u 2
h
gH
Pressure distribution and
torque
Lift
Drag
L
Torque
Arm
1
FL C L V A
2
1
FD C D V A
2
FLift
FDrag
a v
LChord
4
Blade profile data
CD
CL
Angle of attack
Angle of attack
d
v
Average relative
velocity
Pressure distribution and
torque
Suction side
Pressure side
Single profile
Cascade
1.0
0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0
Qn
D d
c1m
2 2
4
Qn 4
D
c1m
Height of the guide vanes
and runner diameter
P
0.7
ns n 54
0.6
H n
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
Gap between hub and ring
and the runner blades
0.90
Virkningsgrad
Efficiency
s = x 10-3 d
0.85
0.80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Spaltepning
Gap x =1000s/D
Runaway speed
Rusningstall/normalturtall
Runaway speed
Voit h
Cavitation coefficient
kavitasjonskoeffisient
10 H S
H
The figure shows different runaway speed at
different runner blade openings. The runaway speed
is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
Hill chart
Example
Find the dimensions D, d and Bo
Given data:
Speed number:
2 g H 2 9,82 16 17,7 m s
n 2 125 2
13,1 rad
60 60 s
13,1 rad
s 0,74 m 1
2 g H 17,7 m
s
3
Q 120 m
Qn s 6,78 m 2
2 g H 17,7 m
s
o
Qn 0,74 6,78 1,93
Diameter, D:
c1m 0,12 0,18 o 0,467
Qn 4 6,78 4
D 4,3 m
c1m 0,467
Diameter, d:
P 22826 Hp
ns n 125rpm 590
H n5 4 16m 54
0.7
0.6
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
d
0,45 d D 0,45 1,9 m
D
Height, B:
0.7
0.6
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
BO
0,41 BO D 0,41 1,76 m
D
Number of vanes, z:
l
0,95 Number of blades z
t
z 5