OFDM

OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
3. METHOD
4. APPLICATION
5. FUTURE WORK
INTRODUCTION
 Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)
Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a scheme in which numerous
signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line or
channel. It is analog technique. Each signal is assigned a different frequency
(sub channel) within the main channel.
 5

OFDM Basic Concept

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier
modulation scheme
First break the data into small portions
Then use a number of parallel orthogonal sub-carriers to transmit the data

Conventional transmission uses a single carrier, which is modulated

with all the data to be sent

Single Carrier Company

Multi Carrier Company

 OFDM Basic Concept
OFDM is a special case of Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM)

For FDM
No special relationship between the
carrier frequencies
Guard bands have to be inserted to
avoid Adjacent Channel Interference
(ACI)

For OFDM
Strict relation between carriers: fk =
kDf where Df = 1/TU
(TU - symbol period)
Carriers are orthogonal to each other
and can be packed tight

OFDM Competence Development

23 Jan 2008
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 Comparison
FDM OFDM
carriers are far apart with carriers are densely
respect to each other packed and are
bandwidth is used by orthogonal to the other
user/subscriber carriers
bandwidth is divided into
many narrow band
channels and each is
allocated to
user/subscriber
 Types of OFDM
C-OFDM (Coded OFDM)

MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input-Multiple Output)

W-OFDM (Wide-OFDM)

V-OFDM (Vector-OFDM)

Flash-OFDM

METHOD

OFDM

 Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)

The delayed version of a symbol overlaps with the adjacent symbol

One simple solution to avoid this is to introduce guard band

Cyclic Prefic (CP)
 Multipath introduces inter-symbol-interference (ISI)
TU

Prefix is added to avoid ISI

TCP TU

The prefix is made cyclic to avoid inter-carrier-interference

(ICI) (maintain orthogonality)
APPLICATION
APPLICATION

 Wired Environment

In the case of wired environments, OFDM

techniques are also known as Discrete Multi-Tone
(DMT) transmissions and being used in:
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL),
High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL).
 Wireless Environment
In wireless scenarios, OFDM has been advocated by
many European standards:
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB),
Digital Video Broadcasting for Terrestrial television (DVB-T),
Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld terminals (DVB-H),
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and Wireless
Broadband Access Networks.
IEEE Standard (IEEE 802.11 and the IEEE 802.16 family)
Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
FUTURE WORK
 FUTURE WORK

OFDM is the work horse and key physical layer technology

for most of the current and future wireless standards.
The MIMO-OFDM with interference cancellation
technique can be used from Helicopter to control station
communication.
The implementation of MIMO-OFDM base station with
optical network to be carried out with suitable interfaces
and interconnects. The WiMAX incorporated with MIMO-
OFDM techniques implemented to mobile health care
applications.
 Revolutionary
new technologies

2G
FDMA/TDMA

3G
CDMA

4G
OFDM

5G
??????
 5G

Frequency proposed
 Possible OFDM
technologies on 5G ??

Thank you.