Telecom

Revolution
from 2G to 5GB
Dr.Jyothi Digge
Terna Engineering College
Foundation Program for Telecom Engineering Aspirants
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Transition from wired to wireless communication
3. 2G,3G and 4G technology
4. 5G and beyond
5. Interdisciplinary technology
6. Software and hardare skills students should acquire
7. Job Prospectus for Telecom Engineers
8. How to grab job opportunities
9. Conclusion
10.Q&A
 Table of contents

01 02 03
Telephony Mobile-2G Mobile -3G

04 05 06
Mobile -4G Mobile 5G OFC and FSO for 5GB
Introduction
1. TELE-Distance COM—Communication. In 1800 calls were transmitted via copper wire.
2. Strowger switch was used for switching and the exchange was known as strowger exchange
3. No STD,only truncal facilities were there. Mannual switching ,Long calls were very expensive

Strowger
Switch
Public switched network
● In 1960 digitization came in.Mannual switching was replaced electronic exchange.
● More easier to handle and safe to transmit.
● Fiber optic was used which can carry can carry more than thousands of calls at the same time
● Public switched network was used where they were operated by local, regional or National
telephone operators
● Every PSTN had to be connected through 5-6 central offices

Wire from Demarc Telephone Central

the jack Point Poll Office
Every outgoing call has to be routed through
central office
Digital Exchange
● Voice was digitized and transmitted over the trunk line.
● Trunk line is a physical wire viz telephone wire,coaxial cable cable
or fiber optic cable cut

● Wire cut,call delay, complex wiring structure,Handset problems

● For incoming and outgoing 1TL
● Every transmission line had one number.
● No of transmission line determines the number of calls
● Transition to wireless communication
What do you understand by wireless
communication ?
● The word wireless literally means no wires
● In the network terminology wireless is the term used to define any
computer/Communication network. Here it’s the mobile network.
● In any type of network there exist a sender and receiver wherein both are connected
via coaxial cable or Fiber optic cable
● In a wireless network NIC and Routers are used (Computer network)
● A wireless mobile network is shown below
Types of Wireless Communication Systems
● Television and Radio Broadcasting.
● Satellite Communication.
● Radar.
● Mobile Telephone System (Cellular Communication)
● Global Positioning System (GPS)
● Infrared Communication.
● WLAN (Wi-Fi)
● Bluetooth.
 1G
I generation cellular
network
IG ?
IG Cellular network
1. It was introduced in 1980
2. Wireless mobile network network. Used huge mobile or
handset
3. Speed was 2.4 kbps
4. Anolog transmission: primarily speech
5. It allowed voice call in one country
6. Amps was first launched in USA
Draw backs
1. Poor voice quality
2. Poor battery life
3. Large phone size
4. No security
5. Limited capacity
6. Poor hand off
 2G
Second generation mobile technogy
2G Technology
1. Based on GSM
2. It was launched in Finland in 1911
3. It uses digital signal
4. Speed is upto 64 kbps
5. It uses 4 frequency bands 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz frequency
6. Voice ,data, picture message and multimedia messaged can be transmitted.
7. It provides better quality and capacity
Draw backs
1. 2G requires strong digital signal.If there is no network signal will be
lost
2. Cannot transmit complex data such as video
 2.5 G
In between 2nd and 3rd generation
mobile technology
2nd generation +(General Packet Radio
Switching) GPRS
Key features of 2.5G
1. Phone calls
2. Multimedia messages
3. Mobile internet
4. 64-144Kbps
5. Camera phones
6. Takes 6-9 minutes to download 3 minutes MP3 song.
3G Features
1. Data transmission rate increased from 144Kbps to 2Mbps
2. Started in 2000
3. Uses smart phones
4. Increased its bandwidth data handling capacity
5. High speed web/More security
6. Large Audio and video files and emails
7. TV streaming/Mobile TV/Phone calls
8. Gaming
9. Large capacities and broadband applications
10.11 Sec to 1.5 minutes to download 3 minutes MP3 file
Drawbacks of 3G
1. Expensive fees for licensing
2. It was a challenge to build infra structure
3. High bandwidth
4. Expensive 3G phones
5. Large cell phones
 4G
Anytime Anywhere
LTE (Long term
Evolution)
4th generation mobile network
4G Features
Started in 2000
Capable of providing speed of 100mbps to 1Gbps
One of the basic term used for describing 4G is MAGIC

M: Mobile multimedia
A:Anytime anywhere
G: Global Mobility support
I: integrated wireless support
C: customised personal services

Also known as mobile broadband everywhere

High quality service anytime anywhere

Low cost /bit
Draw backs of 4G
1. More battery usage
2. Hard to implement
3. Need complex hardware
4. Expensive
Comparison of 3G and 4G
 5G

5 th generation network
Features of 5G
1. High speed 20Gbps
2. Network Slicing
3. Software defined network
4. QOS is high
5. More bandwidth: Uncompressed data,image and video in realtime
6. AI based wearable device
7. Network Function virtualtization
8. Integration of cross domain network
5G Network
Do we use AI in 5G mobile network
1. Yes
2. Where and when?
AI in 5G
1. Applying AI to both the 5G network and the device will
lead to more efficient wireless communications, longer
battery life, and enhanced user experiences.
2. AI is a powerful tool, and the key to harnessing AI to
improve wireless is to focus on important wireless
challenges that are both difficult to solve with traditional
methods and are also a good fit for machine learning.
5GB 6G7G

1. New wireless communication systems, network deployments, and spectrum sharing

2. Machine learning-based wireless systems and services
3. Terahertz communications and networks
4. Radar enhanced wireless systems
5. New multiple antenna technologies and deployments
6. Massive connectivity in communication systems
7. Edge intelligence for beyond 5G networks
8. Wireless big data enabled technologies
9. Photonics and wireless integration
10. Autonomous networks
11. Quantum computing
12. Quantum key cryptography
13. Quantum key distribution
Tech trends(5 Years down the line)
1. AI
2. From computer vision system to self learning algorithm
3. Robotics,Drones and vehicle automation
4. Quantum computers and quantum computing
5. Massive MIMO wireless technogy
6. Cloud based on demand service
7. AR and VR tools in education
8. Edible electronics
9. Visible light communication
10. Underwater light communication
11. Nano powder for 6G network devices
12. Brain net
Material : Magnetic nano powder
6G architecture(AI Empowered Mobile
Network)
6G Echo system
1. Green technogy
2. Terabits to Zeta bits/second Ultra-high data rate (up to 1Tbps) and ultra-low latency.

3. High energy efficiency for resource-constrained devices.

4. Ubiquitous global network coverage.

5. Trusted and intelligent connectivity across the whole network.

As a telecom engineer what are the job prospectus?
1. Telecom hardware engineer
2. Telecom software+ Hardware engineer Network engineer
3. Can be an entrepreneur
4. IoT Engineer
5. Robotics Engineer
6. IPTV engineer
7. OTT engineer
8. Can be a aviation engineer: Acquire proficiency in Radar engineering
9. Network engineer in public and private engineering small,mid size and big size companies.
10. Fiber optic network engineer
11. Telecom engineers are required in diverse fields such as radio, television, satellite,
optical fibre and internet.
12. Maintance engineer in off shore platforms
13. Design engineer
14. Scientific officer at ISRO,BARC,DST and all Navaratnam companies.
15. Clear IES.Clearing IES will enable you to work as a Assistant Executive Engineer at various
departments under central government.
 Advantage of being a Telecom Engineer

● Evergreen branch
Electronics

● You can switch to Mechatronics IT

any fields.
● Easy to interface with Telecom Engineer

allied branches.
● Wide scope Automobile COMPUTER

● Large window for Instrumentation

research
How should I grab these opportunities

Enjoy learning, be technically sound, have

quest for knowledege
Do not have the inhibition to learn
software.
Acquire communication skill
Be an extravert
Make your own calender and adhere to it,
Be adaptive
Have team work spirit
Update your self time and again
 Conclusion
1. Telecommunication Engineering is an evergreen branch. Time and again
new technogies pop up. Watch and embrace it, do not shun away,Certainly
you will stand out in the competitive world.
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
jyothidigge@ternaengg.ac.in
+91 9820207508
Terna Engineering College

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